英语写作参考文献

『壹』 学术论文写作的参考文献中，引用英文期刊的标准格式是怎样的

参考文献标准格式

参考文献类型及标识
专著 ［M］，论文集［C］，报纸文章［N］，期刊文章［J］，学位论文［D］，报告［R］，标准［S］，专利［P］，论文集中的析出文献［A］
电子文献类型：数据库［DB］，计算机［CP］，电子公告［EB］
电子文献的载体类型：互联网［OL］，光盘［CD］，磁带［MT］，磁盘［DK］

A：专著、论文集、学位论文、报告
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［文献类型标识］.出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码（可选）
［1］刘国钧，陈绍业.图书馆目录［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，1957.15-18

B:期刊文章
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［J］.刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码
［1］何龄修.读顾城《南明史》［J］.中国史研究，1998,(3):167-173.
［2］OU J P，SOONG T T，et al.Recent advance in research onapplications of passive energy dissipation systems［J］.EarthquackEng,1997,38(3):358-361

C:论文集中的析出文献
［序号］析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名［A］.原文献主要责任者（可选）.原文献题名［C］.出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码
［7］钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用［A］.赵炜.运筹学的理论与应用--中国运筹学会论文集［C］.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996.468

D：报纸文章
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［N］.报纸名，出版日期（版次）
［8］谢希德.创造学习的新思路［N］.人民日报，1998-12-25（10）

E：电子文献
[文献类型/载体类型标识] [J/OL]网上期刊
[EB/OL]网上电子公告 [M/CD]光盘图书
[DB/OL]网上数据库 [DB/MT]磁带数据库

［序号］主要责任者.电子文献题名［电子文献及载体类型标识］.电子文献的出版或获得地址，发表更新日期/引用日期
［12］王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展［EB/OL］.

『贰』 写论文时，如果要引用一些网站上的文章，在参考文献里应该怎么写呢

若引用网站来上的文章，即电源子文献，参考文献的格式为：

[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出版或获得地址，发表更新日期/引用日期

其中，电子文献及载体类型标识有以下几类：

[J/OL]：网上期刊

[EB/OL]：网上电子公告

[M/CD]：光盘图书

[DB/OL]：网上数据库

[DB/MT]：磁带数据库

例如：

[12]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL].

[8]万锦.中国大学学报文摘（1983-1993）.英文版[DB/CD].北京：中国大网络全书出版社，1996.

(2)英语写作参考文献扩展阅读

根据国家标准GB-3469的规定，通常以下列字母标识以下各种参考文献类型：

1、参考文献类型：专著[M]，论文集[C]，报纸文章[N]，期刊文章[J]，学位论文[D]，报告[R]，标准[S]，专利[P]，论文集中的析出文献[A]

2、电子文献类型：数据库[DB]，计算机[CP]，电子公告[EB]

3、电子文献的载体类型：互联网[OL]，光盘[CD]，磁带[MT]，磁盘[DK]

『叁』 急需:英语论文“略谈《简·爱》中的伟大母爱”的开题报告(中英文题目、英文写作思路及参考文献)

Of twists and turns in the journey of life, who give you the most sincere and warm care, greetings to you who is, always give your selfless dedication; who worked tirelessly to teach the truth with your interaction with others; who is for you trivia worry? Yes! Great maternal love. Maternal love is selfless and unceasing. A mother is not no love for their children. Anyway, after all, are the maternal life the most sincere and most difficult to let go of the feelings.

Hemerocallis Sheng Tang stage, wandering the line End of the World; mother by a break and not see day lily flowers. Mother hands line, wandering clothing. Departure sew, For fear. Who is the inch of grass, reported in the apartments. These are poems of Meng Jiao, sons and daughters expressed gratitude to the mother, praised the world's greatest mother love, motherly love, what a divine, what a great word, the word includes all the love, it is love byword

Maternal, influence everything. When you have to withstand the pressures brought about by the outside world, the mother from the top of your piece of the sky, to resist all the wind and rain; when your heart is no comfort, she enlighten you, ecate you, teach you "step backward" in philosophy; When you encounter difficulties and setbacks or in a bad mood while she blew her top when she was still strong enough to enre in silence, but to enlighten; when you're learning because of fatigue, upset, she would send a cup of hot tea, not to be in any language, all feelings were translated into tears fall on your palm, nothing at all, maternal love, but simply want us to feel the warmth and love it. Mother's love is not deep, it in life. She is my favorite person in the world, but also my most trusted friends.

Maternal love, sincere and selfless. When you are in danger, she was desperate to help you, even if the loss of life would complain; when you feel the pain of despair, she is more painful than you sad, but it must be strong to comfort you, make you feel at ease; when please you pleasure, she will accompany you to share his joy, but it will not occupy more than a little, let your heart be empty nothing. Friends may be enemies, but the mother does not. Even how much you hurt her heart, she still loves you, as always, but my mother does not need to return, I know, my mother's love, with my life is not yet clear. This love is too strong.

Maternal love, asking nothing in return. When your birthday, she seemed much excited, nervous, make arrangements for you all, down from year to year, always remember than you know. And when I arrived at her birthday, but never saw her too much make arrangements, but still maintain the look of the TV drama smile, silently accept you forget her birthday and her indifference, grew up, I know my mother As long as I have been good, the other to pay more, are only secondary. I also learned not to let my mother sad, not let her down.

Maternal love, never stops. At home, her love surrounded me like a lot of ideas; accompany the mother of truth and warmth of my time infection, maternal love is really very great, even if you every day with her and always felt her love. Sometimes rebellious, tired just want to express his love to her but no performance, so another way to let her attention. Mother's Love does not need arrangements, as long as the hard feelings, she is in you by my side. Of course, the occasion of the maternal ho knows no boundaries, but also the savior of women themselves. As long as she thought of the children, do children think of an example, think of the children must not live their lives so that she will defeat themselves from the power of rising from the good from the true from the United States.

Mother love is permanent, and maternal love is great, and it is selfless, it is immersed in all things, filling in between heaven and earth. No matter where you are, can feel the warmth of her, no matter what your insurance throughout the body, can feel her heartbeat, you're happy, her happiness. You sad, she cried. Only her, never need to treasure, but never forget that this is love.

Here, I want to say: Mom, I want you, I love you! When the call is connected the moment, I cried. . . . . . This time of year I gave my mother a bath and enjoy themselves to the heart to the joy of my mother! Mom, I want to do for you?

『肆』 如何提高初中生英语书面表达能力参考文献

一、影响初中生英语书面表达能力提高的因素
1.学生基础知识薄弱
基础知识的掌握是发展能力的前提，学生词汇、句型及语法知识的贫乏是影响写作的重要原因。许多学生每天学习词汇都不过关，如此日积月累，造成词汇严重匮乏，再加上基本句型、语法掌握不牢，语言基本功不够扎实，阅读量小、阅读训练少，对句子与篇章的理解不够透彻，从而影响书面表达能力的提高。
2.缺乏学习兴趣
现在的独生子女，生活条件好，“衣来伸手，饭来张口”家长尽量满足他们的各种要求，他们认为只有读书是最艰苦的事情，对学习不重视，有些学生读书时“三天打鱼，两天晒网”，加上认识上的原因，对学英语不感兴趣，导致英语阅读、写作能力低下。
3.长期养成的不良书面表达习惯
有一部分学生写作时一见到题目就会停下来不做，若有提示词，只把提示词抄下来或者只写几句病句，这样得分率很低，影响成绩的提高。
4.有的教师对书面表达的要求不够重视
教师在教学时只顾赶进度，有的嫌批改作文浪费时间，再加上教材自身的特点，导致目前出现了一种学生能听、会说，但书面表达能力相对较弱的现象。
5.没有很好地掌握书面表达的技能、技巧与方法
有的学生书面表达方法简单，不能灵活运用，解题时不能随机应变、没有很好地掌握书面表达技巧，影响了学生书面表达能力的提高。
二、提高英语书面表达能力的方法
1.突破英语词汇关和扩大阅读量
《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》中有明确的规定：“三年制和四年制阅读速度分别为每分钟40～50和50～60个词，理解正确率达到70%。”因此，在平时的词汇教学中，教师必须帮助学生掌握记忆单词的六种方法，从而丰富词汇量和扩大阅读量。
2.突破语法关
语法是词汇构成语言的规则。掌握英语语法，并能把自己的英语语法知识熟练地应用到英语写作实践中去，这是提高写作能力必须具备的基本功。英语语法核心主要指句子的基本结构、词类的用法、动词的形式、时态和语态等。
3.指导学生阅读和背诵精彩的段落，积累写作素材
如，仁爱版九上Unit 1Population Problem；Why does China carry out the one-child policy？
4.训练段落编写，为短文写作铺路
如，以下三题是这两年外地高中自主招生考试的段落编写题目：
提示词：graate， friendship， realize， young， together，要求：①使用全部提示词，并在语段中用横线标出提示词。② 语段具有一个相对合理的主题意义。③词数为50个词左右，最多不超过80个。
5.以课本为“本”，注重仿写
如，九年级（上）Unit 2 Topic 3 Section B Would you like to be a greener person？
学生可以这样写作：Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi when you travel a short distance.
6.重视批改与讲评
① 教师课后批改。批改的符号可以是：用词不当用“W”（Word），语法错误用“G”（Grammar），句子结构错误用“L（Logic），大小写和标点符号错误用“―”，漏字用“Λ”。如果整篇文章语句错误特别多，改不胜改，或者是书写特别马虎草率，则在作业后批上“Rewrite”（重写）。
除了采用符号批改外，我们还应该把写作与课本知识结合起来，在学生出错处批上“See （…… P……”）（见哪课哪页）。②在黑板上当众批改。③当面评改。④自评互改。
7.因材施教，将学生客观分层
8.加强写作步骤、技巧指导
①认真审题，抓住要点。②确定体裁，注意格式。③确定主语，判断时态。④语言规范，慎用长句。⑤拼写正确，书写规范。⑥全面检查。
如，写人记事的话题 （2007年中考题）成长变化（外貌、性格、兴趣爱好、习惯等）。表达时，注意使用：used to ，in the past three years， but，now 等，还要注意表达变化的原因和过程。
学生写作时可以这样列提纲：①外貌。②性格。③行为习惯。④学习。⑤兴趣爱好。⑥结束语。⑦一篇好文章应具备下列几点：一点：有“亮点”，有独到之处。二整：要书写工整，卷面整洁。三要：数量要达标，词汇和语法结构要准确、上下文要连贯。四不行：漏掉内容不行，写作体裁不行，用错人称不行，用错时态不行。⑧恰当运用关联词句，使得文章层次清晰，各个部分衔接自然，如First/Second/Third/Fourth/Last等。
总之。教师在教学中必须重视写作课的指导，紧密配合课文教学，设计笔译练习并且持之以恒，学生的英语书面表达能力肯定会提高。

『伍』 英语翻译 关于广告英语修辞的论文写作有那些参考文献可选

参考文献
孙晓丽.广告英语与实例
陈培爱.中外广告史:站在当代视角的全面回顾
王佐良,丁往道.英语文体学引论

『陆』 高分拜求《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）论文写作的英文参考文献书籍！记住，参考文献只能是英文的！

123额

『柒』 学术论文写作的参考文献中，引用英文期刊的标准格式是怎样的

[1] IMLACH J, BLAIR B J, ALLAIRE P. Measured and predicted force and stiffness characteristic of instrial magnetic bearings[J]. Trans. ASME J. Tribol., 1991, 113：784-788.

『捌』 要写一篇英文论文的参考文献，遇到译者该怎么写比如：原作者，著作名，谁谁译……用英文是什么格式

你是翻译专业的吗？如果是，那就应该用APA格式的写作格式：
APA Style要求翻译的回书籍引用格式是：答

原作者姓, 原作者名首字母. (翻译本出版年). 翻译之后的书名 (翻译者名首字母, 翻译者姓, Trans.). 出版地: 出版社. (原著作出版年).

例如：
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott &
F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1814).

不过国内有些专业要求混乱，也许会让你用MLA格式的来写文，那你就去网上搜搜吧

『玖』 英语作文参考文献行距格式

段落设置里面有个段前什么选项，类似的，你找一下，可以调