A. 一些高中英语问题
句法:
句子按用途分类: 陈述句, 疑问句, 祈使句,感叹句
按结构分类:简单句,并列句,复合句.并列复合句.
句子的成分:组成句子的各个部分: 7种.主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语和状语.
简单句的基本句型:SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOA, SVA SVOC
特殊句型: There be 最基本意思: 某处有某物 there are three students in the classroom.
从句类型: 定语从句,状语从句, 宾语从句,主语从句,
词法:
按词性分: 名词,冠词,代词,形容词,副词,数词,介词,动词,动词的不定式,动名词,分词,
英语句子按结构可以分为4种.
简单句:I know him.
并列句:I know him, but he doesn’t know me. 用连词连接两个并列关系的简单 句
复合句:I know that he is a teacher。也就是主从复合句
并列复合句:I know him, but he doesn’t know that I
1简单句
句型:主语+谓语
只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示
They are playing baseball in the garden.
他们正在公园里打棒球。
Her brother and sister both are teachers.
她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。
2并列句
句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句(常见的并列连词有and,but,or)
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。
Her father is a doctor, and her mother is a teacher.
I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn’t interested in it.
Hurry up,or you’ll be late.
包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句
简单句只表述单一的意思,只说明某某人干某事,而复合句跟并列句是简单句的堆砌,把一些意义上 有联系的句子放在了一起 。
所以说简单句是基础。
英语句子,均由主语和谓语两大部分组成。谓语部分阐明所叙述的动作,过程,或状态。它相对而言比主语更重要,因为它不仅是句子的信息中心,而且还决定句型与变化。主语用来指出所叙述的人或事物
句型
A:SV 句型
此类句型中的动词为完全不及物动词,这种动词可单独作谓语
这里得做个解释,“动词的及物性”
动词的及物性是用来表示动作的参加者有多少的
共分为5种:
1不及物动词:CRY 哭,HAPPEN发生
2:及物动词 例如open the door 中的open 开, I like sports 中的like 喜欢
3 既能作及物用法又能作及物用法的动词he writes day。意为写作,不及物,而HE writes short stories。中的写是及物动词。
4 相互动词 they met at the playground。中的meet:相遇 和 they argued。中的argue 吵,争论。
相互动词表示的动作中包含一个以上的人,这些人彼此向对方做同样的动作或事情
5 双及物动词。也就是后面能接双宾语的动词。例如: Jim handed me his notebook。Jim 把他的笔记本递给了我。中的动词 递。hand。和He gave me a book 中的给 give都可以接两个宾语.而事实上,英语句型 SV SVC SVO SVOO SVOC 就是根据动词的及物性划分的。
讲句型时我会穿插句子的各个成分(主语,谓语,宾语,状语,另外还有标语,定语 ),
*再回到SV句型
S 意思是(subject)主语。V 为谓语。这个句型中的动词都是不及物动词。
第二种句型SVC 结构,其中C为标语。其中的谓语动词V为连系动词,这种动词 需要与实义动词区别开来。
虽然连系动词本身有一定的词义,但是不能独立作谓语,必须与表语 一起构成谓语。常见的系动词:appear(看起来),be become(成为)get(变得)look(看起来)seem
seem( 似乎 )
they look the same。他们看起来一样。
系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等信息.
还有一些表示感觉或知觉的动词也可以作连系动词 像:feel(摸起来,感觉)the silk feels soft。
taste(尝起来,尝着)the soup tastes good。汤尝着很香。。
还有smell 闻着,闻起来, sound 听起来
动词一共分为4种,实义动词,连系动词,助动词(用来说明,改变时态,,否定,疑问,以及其他语法形式的词如:do ,have 这些),还有 情态动词(必须 must, 应该 should 等等)
SVC 句型中的V 为系动词。C 为表语,VC的组合叫系表结构,用来表示主语的特征,状态 或身分等。
表语是7种句子成份中的一种。
它可以由名词,形容词或者相当于名词,形容词的词,,短语,或句子充当
例子;his brother is a driver 名词作表语
Are you ready? I am lucky. 形容词作表语
we are at home。at home 为介词短语,意思是在家。意义上相当于形容词。
This book is mine, not yours。代词mine(我的)和 yours(你的) 作表语
four and four is eight。4加4 等于8.. eight 在这里作表语,它是数词
our task is studying 。我们的任务是学习。studying 这个动名词在这里做表语。
还有表语从句the problem is how we can solve it问题是我们该如何解决它。/ how we can solve it(如何解决它)是个表语从句在这里做表语
the problem is how we can solve it。从句型上讲它是SVC句型的句子,从句子结构方面来说它是复合句(主从复合句)。
所以说,简单句是复合句的基础,把简单句里面的成分,比如主语,或者宾语换成句子,就可以作为一个复合句,来表达更多的内容了。
S 主语
主语是一个句子的主题。是句子主要说明的人或事物,它的位置一般在句首
一般由名词,代词或相当于名次或代词的词,短语或句子等充当
举例说明“主语一般由名词,代词或相当于名次或代词的词,短语或句子等充当”
little streams feed big rivers。小溪流 名词,做主语
we work in that tall building。we 代词
to find your way is a problem。 不定式:to find your way 在这里作主语
smoking is bad for you。 smoking 动名词形式作主语
主语从句:(whenever you are ready)will be fine。无论你什么时候准备好 都行。
主语从句:(whenever you are ready)will be fine。 是个复合句。
Three is enough。数词 作主语
第三种: SVO句型,其中谓语动词为简单及物动词,只需加一个宾语便可构成一个完整的句子.
宾语 O: 1,它表示动作,行为的对象.2, 只有及物动词可以带宾语有些不及物动词加上介词或者副词也可以带宾语.3,宾语由名次,代词,或相当于名词的词,短语或句子担当.例:He often helps me. (代词 me 作宾语) we study English at school.(English 名次作宾语) if you add 5 to 5, you get 10.(10 还有第一个5,数词作宾语)
Remember to buy some stamps. (祈使句, 意思是:记着买一些邮票.动词不定式 to buy some stamps 作宾语) he likes making you laugh.(他喜欢逗你笑.making 动名词作宾语) he said: “you are wrong”.句子作宾语. Do you understand what I mean? 从句作宾语.
第四种句型:SVOO
这种句子中的谓语动词为双重及物动词,需要接两个宾语
第五种句型:SVOC
这种句型中的及物动词只跟宾语意义不完整,需要接一个成分来补充说明宾语.这个成分是宾语的补足语(叫做“宾语补足语”)可以做宾语补足语的词有:名词(例如,elect, choose, appoint, make所跟的宾语后面得加名词作补足语),形容词(find 发现,),动词不定式(expect 期待),动名词(I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul),现在分词,(I have guest coming)介词短语(I found everything in good condition)
第六种结构:SVOA 动词为动补性复杂及物动词,需要接动词补语作补足成分.
第七种结构: SVA 谓语动词为不完全不及物动词,需接动词补语作补足成份.
以上两种结构中的补足成分A:又叫状语,是另一种句子成分.1.它们是用来修饰动词,形容词,或副词的,也可以对全句进行说明或解释.2.一般表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度等意义.3.通常由副词,介词短语,或相当于副词的词,短语或从句来充当.位置: 可以在句首,句中,句末.
a. 副词作状语最常见,位置灵活: 1.修饰动词时,三种位置都可以.2.修饰形容词或其他副词时,位于被修饰词前面,3.副词enough 作状语是后置. It’s good enough. 足够好了. The room is big enough for a party.开派对的话,这个房间足够大.
b. 名词作状语时,多置于句末. 例如: Wait a moment. 这个祈使句意思是 “等一下”,a moment 意为 一下,一小会儿,作状语. See you! 再见. See you next week! 下周见.
c. 不定式作状语时放在句末 he came specially to see me 他是专程来看我的. To see me 作come(came的原形)的目的状语, specially 是副词,也作came 的状语.一个动词可以由几个修饰语,用来表示时间,目的等情况.
d. 介词短语作状语可放在句首或句末. I’ve been ill for a week.我已经病了一周了. 还可以说成: For a week that I have been ill.放句首强调病的时间长. At the end of the film, I was in tears. 电影(看到)最后,我哭了.时间状语提到了句首.也可以说: I was in tears at the end of the film.
e. 状语从句可以放在句首和句末. When I am working, she is playing alone. 这句话中,she 是主语.意思是: 我工作的时候,她自己(在一边儿)玩儿. 时间从句还可以放在句末: she is playing alone, when I am working. We chatted as we walking along.我们边走边聊. as we walking along “我们走着”表chat 谈话的方式,是方式状语,强调不是坐着聊,也不是站着聊 .放在句首: As we walking along, we chatted.
句子成分 定语.1.定语用来修饰名次或代词.2. 作定语的词除形容词外,还有代词,数词,名词,介词短语,以及相当于形容词的词,短语,从句. 例:Jane is a beautiful girl. (形容词) this is well water. 这水是井水.well:井. We have four lessons in the morning.数词 four ;What is your name? your:代词 John has a desire to travel.动词不定式. 约翰有旅行的愿望.I usually take sleeping pills.动名词. 我经常服安眠药. The running dog is mine.那只正在跑的小狗是我的. running 现在分词 it is the house built last year.这就是去年建起的那所房子. Built 过去分词. This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图.of china 为介词短语,做定语.\
定语从句: The car that is parked outside is mine. 停在外面的那辆车是我的.
B. 高中英语简单句详细讲解
(一)句子种类两种分类法w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1、按句子的用途可分四种:
1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e. g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e. g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
(二)简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语:e. g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词:e. g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e. g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
主语——动词——表语:w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)
2. Graaly he became silent. (形容词作表语)
3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)
4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)
5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)
6. The television was on. (副词作表语)
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)
8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)
9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语,即:表语从句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I’m happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
主语——动词:
在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1. The sun is rising.
2. I’ll try.
3. Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
4. The engine broke down.
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
1. The book sells well.
2. The window won’t shut.
3. The pen writes smoothly.
4. Cheese cuts easily.
主语——动词——宾语:w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。
1. Do you know these people (them)?(名词或代词作宾语)
2. I can’t express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)
3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)
4. We can’t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)
5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词作宾语)
6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语,即:宾语从句)
注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。
主语——动词——宾语——宾语:
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语。
1. He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2. She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语。
3. She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4. She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
5. Tell him I’m out.
6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?
主语——动词——宾语——宾语补足语:
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)
4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do?(不定式作宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式作宾补)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)
注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his ty to mention this to her.
分析:it是形式宾语,his ty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
3. there be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有……”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助there。
Is there any hope of getting the job?
There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)
There being nothing else to do,we went home. (独立主格结构)
C. 高中英语基本句型
高中和初中要学的语法归结起来大致有:
一、六种基本句型(主语+谓语专动词,主语+系动属词+表语,主语+谓语动词+宾语,主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
三、代词
四、数词
五、冠词
六、动词的时态
七、非谓语动词
八、动词的被动结构
九、情态动词
十、形容词与副词
十一、介词
十二、主谓一致
十三、简单句(陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句)
十四、复合句(名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句)
以上是大致的要点,还有很多的细节,建议你去买一本专门的关于高中语法的书,定有很详细的解答!语法要精通也并非容易的事情喔~加油吧!(这些都是必须掌握的,是基础,以后用处大着的呢)
D. 高中英语 请看看我造的句子语法和表达上有没有错误 并用下面没造句子的短语造个句子(要简单句
exist in:存在于
Our life exists in sports.
你大概想说,生命在于运动。但表述成了:我们的生命在于运动当中。不过这样造句也没有问题。
exist on:依靠......生活
They exist on a little seed.
他们依靠一点种子生活。
come into existence:形成,诞生
The new country came into existence in 1951.
那个新国家诞生于1951年。
make a conclusion:下结论
Don't make a conclusion so quickly.
不要这么快下结论。
in conclusion:总之,最后
jump to a conclusion:过早/贸然下结论
In conclusion, don't jump to a conclusion.
总之,不要贸然下结论。
问题太多,就把以下问题简略回答
react to:对......做出反应
I won't react to his order.
我不会对他的命令做出反应。
in existence(存在)不能像你那样造句,下面是我造的句子:
There is air in existence on the earth.
地球上有空气存在。
react against:反抗
The Syrian people are reacting against their government.
叙利亚人正在反抗他们的政府。
react on:对…起作用,对…有影响; 与…起化学反应
Will water react on metal?
水会对金属起反应吗?
draw a conclusion:得出结论
你造的句子也有问题,把am去掉就对了:
我从这次试验中得到一个结论。
form the habit of doing sth.:形成某种习惯
造句正确,不过应该加问号。
in the form of:以......的形式
所造句子正确:他没有把它以问题的形式提出来。
aim at sb./sth.:瞄准,针对
所造句子正确
with the aim of:以…为目标,其目的是为了
I go to school with the aim of being No.1.
我带着成为第一名的目标去上学。
望采纳。
E. 我是高中生 在高考中怎样才能在写英语作文时将英语简单句变成复杂句
简单的方法是去记一些常用的连接词和短语
F. 初高中课程衔接英语(从简单句的五大基本句型到十大句型结构)
第一题中Kate's是Kate is 的缩写因此可以知道该动作表示一个习惯性动作。因此答案选D.根据句子翻版译是:凯特上学权从未迟到过。因此答案必选D而你认为选C是将句子翻译成了现在为止凯特从未迟到过时间点判断错误落入出题陷阱中。
第二题中Take exercise every day还是表示一个习惯性动作并不需用进行时你的时间点再次错误该题并非对进行时用法考察。今后应多加强对时间点认知以及对习惯性动作表达的认知该题在做前应在空前加一个逻辑主语,(my child)exercise every day, It's good for your health. " Father said to Mary.
所以选择答案D
第三题中书的状态是一直合着的,是从过去一点持续到现在,该题如果用closing则表示现在时态则与该题考察点有背,因此用closed。
G. 怎么学好高中的英语,到了高中老师都是用纯英语上课,有时候根本就反应不过来,而且什么什么简单句的基本
既然老师纯英语上课,那着重练好听力吧,想voa,bbc之类的平时一直听着,当然词汇量也很重要,要坚持背
H. 高中英语简单句的写作,有哪五种基本句型
英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1: Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
3)Spring is coming.
4) We have lived in the city for ten years.
二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。
四、句型4: Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5: Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
独立主格结构
一) 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
三) With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
不能“以貌取意”的常见句型例析
1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do.
这是我最不愿做的一件事情。
【析】“the last +to do;the last +定语从句”中的last的意思为“least willing/likely”,译为“最不愿意;最不可能”。
He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。
He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。
She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人。
2.One can't be too honest.
人越老实越好。
【析】句中“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”。该句型中的not可以换成 hardly,never或scarcely;too可以换成 over或enough等,意思不变。
You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。
A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。
3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes.
无论多么聪明的人,也难免犯错误。
【析】“It is a +形容词+名词+that...”结构是一个特殊的习惯用法,意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”。真正的句子意思与字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的让步意味,切不可望文生义、译成强调句型。
It's a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处。(引申意义为:耐心等待终会时来运转。)
It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失前蹄的时候。(引申意义为:金无足赤,人无完人。)
4I'm too anxious to know the result.
我极想知道结果。
【析】英语中“too...to...”结构表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too small to see.但是,如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动、情感态度(常见的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配,这时too含有肯定意义,表示“very,extremely”的意思。
They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去。
Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她。
5.It's three years since he was a teacher.
他不当教师已经三年了。
【析】在“It is some time since +主语+谓语+其它成分。”这一结构中,如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词,那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起。
It‘s three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。
如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词,时间就要从该动作的结束算起。
It's many years since they lived here.他们不在这儿住已经好多年了。
6.All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
【析】在句中当不定代词all,both,every及 every的复合词,副词always,often,entirely与 not一起使用时,表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”,“不是每个人都”等。
I don't remember all these formulas.这些公式我并非全都记得。
Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个。
I don't entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。
注意:当all,both,every等词和带im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意义的前缀的词连用时,表示全部否定的意义。
All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确。
表示全部否定时,我们常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等词。
None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟。
7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
山并不因为高而具有价值。(山不在高)
【析】含有原因状语从句的主从复合句,形式上虽然否定主句的谓语,然而意义上则是否定该原因状语,译为“并不因为……而……”。
You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你不买就走开。
Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何,就轻易相信它。
8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said.
我假装没懂他说的话。
【析】常用动词pretend,happen的否定形式有两种:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其后的不定式,其意义不变。
I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿。
They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候,他们假装没有看见我。
9Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here.
让我们在大树下歇会吧。这儿很凉快。
【析】nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容词实质上起副词作用,修饰后边的形容词,表示强调。
I am good and ready.我都准备好了。
It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。
独立主格结构
一) 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆。
三) With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
不能“以貌取意”的常见句型例析
1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do.
这是我最不愿做的一件事情。
【析】“the last +to do;the last +定语从句”中的last的意思为“least willing/likely”,译为“最不愿意;最不可能”。
He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。
He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。
She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人。
2.One can't be too honest.
人越老实越好。
【析】句中“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”。该句型中的not可以换成 hardly,never或scarcely;too可以换成 over或enough等,意思不变。
You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。
A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。
3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes.
无论多么聪明的人,也难免犯错误。
【析】“It is a +形容词+名词+that...”结构是一个特殊的习惯用法,意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”。真正的句子意思与字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的让步意味,切不可望文生义、译成强调句型。
It's a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处。(引申意义为:耐心等待终会时来运转。)
It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失前蹄的时候。(引申意义为:金无足赤,人无完人。)
4I'm too anxious to know the result.
我极想知道结果。
【析】英语中“too...to...”结构表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too small to see.但是,如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动、情感态度(常见的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配,这时too含有肯定意义,表示“very,extremely”的意思。
They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去。
Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她。
5.It's three years since he was a teacher.
他不当教师已经三年了。
【析】在“It is some time since +主语+谓语+其它成分。”这一结构中,如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词,那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起。
It‘s three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了。
如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词,时间就要从该动作的结束算起。
It's many years since they lived here.他们不在这儿住已经好多年了。
6.All that glitters is not gold.
闪光的东西不一定都是金子。
【析】在句中当不定代词all,both,every及 every的复合词,副词always,often,entirely与 not一起使用时,表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”,“不是每个人都”等。
I don't remember all these formulas.这些公式我并非全都记得。
Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个。
I don't entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法。
注意:当all,both,every等词和带im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意义的前缀的词连用时,表示全部否定的意义。
All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确。
表示全部否定时,我们常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等词。
None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟。
7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
山并不因为高而具有价值。(山不在高)
【析】含有原因状语从句的主从复合句,形式上虽然否定主句的谓语,然而意义上则是否定该原因状语,译为“并不因为……而……”。
You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你不买就走开。
Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何,就轻易相信它。
8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said.
我假装没懂他说的话。
【析】常用动词pretend,happen的否定形式有两种:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其后的不定式,其意义不变。
I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿。
They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候,他们假装没有看见我。
9Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here.
让我们在大树下歇会吧。这儿很凉快。
【析】nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容词实质上起副词作用,修饰后边的形容词,表示强调。
I am good and ready.我都准备好了。
It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。
I. 高中英语单选5道,关于简单句
1.I have never seen anyone run so fast——( A ) Daivid go.
A.just watch B.just to watch C.just watching D.just having watched
==>答: 这是个祈使句,所以才会使用动词原型的.这应该是说话人正在看到David跑步时所说的话.这是04浙江的高考题吧.
译:你看David跑的,从没看人跑那么快的.
2.he must have been scolded by his father last night,( C )?
A.muctn't he B.haven't he C.wasn't he D.didn't he
怎么不选D呢?
==>这题有两点值得注意:
一. 注意后面的时间状语last night,有这种时间状语的,前面的时态应该是过去时
二. 不仅要注意时态,还要注意语态.这里是被动,所以要用wasn't.
前面如果没有情态动词的话,可以写成: He was scolded by his father last night.
注意比较这两个句子:
It must have rained last night, didn't it?
You must have seen the film, haven't you.
注意看时间状语,就可以做题了.
3.-You are not a new member ,are you?
-( D ).I joined only yesterday.
A.No,I'm not B.Yes,I'M not C.NO,I am D,Yes, I am
4.-You haven't been to Beijing ,have you?
-( D ).How I wish to go there.
A.Yes,I have B.Yes I haven't C.No,I have D,No,I have n't
==> 3和4是一样的题目,回答时要注意和事实保持一致.例如3,他确实是个刚加入的新成员,所以是Yes.当然汉语翻译时会变成:
你不是新成员吧?
不,我是的.
第四题你能自己推导出来,自己翻译吗?
5.( B ) down the radio-the baby's sleeping in the next room.
A.Turning B.Turn C.turned D.to turn
是因为需要一个谓语动词么?
==> 这里是一个祈使句,表示命令的."关掉收音机,宝宝在隔壁睡觉呢".例如你父母让你做什么事情,老师让你做什么事情,有时候就是用祈使句啊.最简单的,Stand up! Sit down, please!
祈使句通常主语是you,但高考中也出现过以其他人称开头的,具有一定的迷惑性.
J. 按要求,写一篇英语作文,高中水平,尽量少用简单句
I appreciate to received your letter.In the letter I know you have achieved anohter goal that you won the first place of your city of the computer compitation.congratulations!
Now,let me introce my latest situation. You would be happy as well. As you know,our school has applied the exchange students item.And it was quite welcomed by students especially for our Chinese students.I never think about that I could have the chance to be one of the member of our school.In this summer vacation we will pay a visit to your country,I am sure it is a terrific chance for me.By the way,I might to visit you,I can't wait anymore.
How excited I am.Please wait for me.
Hope everything goes on.
Your's Liu Yang