① 英文论文写作如何通过研习句法杜绝错误
一、建议多用以复合句为主的复杂句
我们常常强调英文论文写作要足够精简,但是精简不是要你大量使用简单句,一旦你这样做了就会暴露你薄弱写作能力,同时还会限制表达效果,导致整篇论文质量不高,没有深度。但是如果你用简单句和复合句表达,高下立判。例如:“由于位置偏僻,交通不便和缺乏信息媒介,农村社会保持着与世隔绝的状态”这个句子很多留学生用简单句写出来就是这样:
①Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation hay became more serious because there are not enough information media.
但是我们用复合句表达出来效果如下:
②The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
这个由1个谓语动词,9个名词和5个介词的长句其实只有一个主干:Rural world is compounded. 然后用介词短语表达原因。新手在表述复合句时,先写用“什么是什么”、“什么干什么”出主干,再往里填词是一个不错的方法。
可以看出第①句变成结构松散的中式英语。留学生刚开始写复合句可能很困难,因此推荐《英语作文高级句式•第二版》,里面的高级句式大家可以背诵下来,活学活用。但是,大量使用复杂句也不行,我们再来看例文:
A few days before, I saw a cartoon, in which a student asks his teacher where he can find a book named How to Do Well in School without Studying. The teacher asks him to find it in the fiction section. Apparently, the cartoon ironically demonstrates a truth that there’s no such a thing as a shortcut to studying.
It’s the nature of study that requires a solid foundation. Just as we cannot build a castle in the air, neither can we obtain advanced knowledge through a shortcut, for ever a slight shortcut can shatter the whole foundation, For example, students may choose to cheat to acquire a good score. However, the cheaters will wind up in a total ignorance, let alone dishonesty. In addition, although many students are averse to learning by rote, there is no denying that only by rote can one remember and learn basic knowledge, thusachieving the possibility to further study in the future. In this case, shortcuts also do not exist.
To sum up, students should come to realize that there exists no shortcut in study. Only by hard work can we form the bedrock of good performance in school.
总的来看这篇文章基本摆脱了中式思维,语义衔接还可以,大量使用复杂句且有些表达可圈可点。但是缺点也很明显,你会发现作者的表达很苍白,尤其是shortcut in study 等出现了三四遍。有些地方还有语法错误,读来仍觉生硬。不少的留学生在进行英文论文写作的时候也会出现这样的问题,不过留学生可以按照下面的方法解决此问题:
1. 复杂句与短语、词汇搭配使用,不要全文都是一种句式;
2. 降低同一个词出现频率,善用同义词替换平;
3. 学习范文中的观点以及穿插其中的过渡句。
二、常见词汇要活学活用,不要生搬硬套
有些词汇很简单,以至于很多人熟视无睹,比如与see有关的搭配可能连见都没见过,更不要说拿来用了。如see through, see over sth., see about sth., see sb. /sth. out 等。而这些我们认为陌生的表达,母语人士可能在文章中大量运用。外教很可能不用every day 而用 on a daily basis, 不用 in a hurry而用at the drop of hat, 不用He took part in the competition. 而说Heentered for the competition. 不说He must be nearly 60 years old. 而说He must be going on for 60. 恰到好处的词语活用所产生的效果有时丝毫不亚于复合句。例如,要表达秋叶满地的场景,下面哪个句子会更好?
③There are a number of autumn leaves lying on the ground.
④ Dead leaves covered the ground.
答案当然是④。第④句让表达简洁;cover与lying一比,不需要a number of 就能表示数量多。具体到日常写作中,我们要学会用好动词,能用动词代替形容词的时候尽量用动词,比如make something complicated可以直接用complicate something来代替。比如下面这个例子:
All this helps explain Germans' attitudes towards the euro crisis. German voters are skeptical of transfers to southern Europe not just because of their fear of inflation or their experience with pouring money into former East Germany, but also because the typical German worker feels that he is no better off than the Spaniards he sees driving Audis when he holidays on the Costa Brava. After a decade of scant real wage growth, and given the unusually skewed wealth distribution, that perception is not altogether wrong.
“他在布拉瓦海岸度假”,这句话很多留学生可能会写成He goes on holiday on the Costa Brava. 但文中直接写成He holidays on the Costa Brava. 这里直接将holiday当成动词使用,句子变得简洁有力。在平时写作中不仅要意思正确,语法无误,还要尽量用词精准,表达有力。
注意:这里的搭配指的是在朗文词典中找到的,带有例句说明的搭配,咱们在课堂上学的搭配不一定在此范围内。中学所学的词组,英美人可能80年都不用一次。我们都学过made from 和made of, 还有die from和die of, 两者的辨析简直让人抓狂。不同的教学理念导致的教育结果必然不同,这就是不少中国学生出国后还要重学英语的原因。
三、“三顺”原则贯彻到底
这里的“三顺”原则是指:写起来手顺,看起来眼顺,读起来口顺。相信大家在写完论文的时候最后通读文章读到有些句子会发现:“这句话没有语法问题,但怎么看怎么别扭。”这就显然没有做到我们所说的“三顺”原则。想要了解这个现象产生的原因,这里给大家介绍语法的两个种类:规定性语法和描述性语法。
规定性语法(prescriptive grammar)明确规定什么正确、什么不正确,主要解决“用的对不对”的问题。违背了这个规则,句子一定是错的。
描述性语法(descriptive grammar)着重于描述和解释语言如何被人类使用,而不是规定语言应当如何使用,主要解决“用的好不好”的问题。
例如:However, is the phenomenon worthy of such optimism? 就是一个符合规定性语法,但不符合描述性语法的句子,有点中式英语的意思。结合上下文改成However, can we be optimistic that what has worked in the past will work in the future? 就显得流畅许多。
留学生们在英文论文写作秉持“三顺”原则,既能检验文章,又能培养语感,真是一举两得。
② 英语作文中常出现的语法错误有哪些
时态 三人称单数的变化 单词过去式,过去分词的变化 固定句型的用法(如:打电回话的固定模式……) 固定词组(答如:there be) 动名词作主语谓语动词用单数等的语法 还有like后面接动词的ing形式,would like+动原这些易混淆的地方……
③ 看一下这篇英语作文有那些语法错误容易被扣分
我参加过高考阅卷,按高考标准这篇作文得分在平均分以下。
主要需改进之处:回1)书写答和卷面都有改善空间,比如涂改越少越好,字越漂亮越好,字母占格符合英语习惯等。2)常识:逗号后边不大写。3)论述要有理有据表述逻辑清楚。你开头说有两个原因,可后面并不是围绕两个原因论述,跑题了。4)明显语法错、错别字要减少:two reason(s) ,interestion, needing, (a)better job(s) 5)消灭汉语式英语:you feel society needing; I think shoud choose
看得出你已经很努力了,再把模版背熟一些,再把字练好一些,结果会不一样!
④ 英语写作中,遇到的错误,词汇方面,句法方面,语篇方面都各指啥
词汇方面的错误大多在拼写和单复数。句法方面的错误在句型使用错误,语法掌握不牢固,语篇涉及到逻辑关联度。
精 锐
⑤ 英语作文怎样写才不容易出语法错误
多背诵写作常用句型,自己写的时候,即使话题不一样,很多句型都是可以套用上的,换换其中几个单词就是了
下面我搜集的资料送给你,希望对你的写作提高有所帮助!
高考作文经典句型100句
1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world.
在这个迅速发展的世界里,对每个人来说,学好英语是非常重要的。
[额外成就感]
同样句型包括:It is important/(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible)for sb. to do sth.
例句:It is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone.
与第一次见面的人握手是非常必要的。
2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.
你工作越努力,你取得的进步就越大。
[额外成就感]
①The+比较级..., the+比较级...
②比较级+and+比较级(The world is getting smaller and smaller.)
3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献,世界会变得更加美好。
[额外成就感]
类似的句型还有:If necessary…, they can…
4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday.
记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。
5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic
我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。
6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.
人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。
7. I had a great first impression of American people.
我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。
8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.
我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。
9. With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a necessary part of our daily life and work.
随着现代科技的迅速发展,互联网已经成为生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。
10. You should read as many books as you possibly can.
大家应该尽可能的多读书。
11. China is becoming more and more prosperous because of the reform and “opening up” policy.
由于实施了改革开放政策,中国变得更加繁荣了。
12. We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green places to enjoy.
我们都需要呼吸清新的空气,我们都需要饮用洁净的水,我们都需要绿地来享受。
13. Let’s work together to make our world a better place.
让我们一起努力把世界变得更加美好。
14. We should make full use of our time to do useful and proctive things.
我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。
15. We should get into the good habit of using our time wisely.
我们应该养成一个好习惯,明智地利用时间。
16. What I really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month?
我的确想知道的是,他是否会在下个月出国。
17. Television is harmful to developing minds.
电视不利于开发心智。
18. Children usually have far more potential than their parents had realized
孩子们都有很大的潜能,而父母却没有意识到这一点。
19. In the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in our school.
在过去的10年里,我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
20. People who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier.
那些花更多时间和家人在一起的人通常会更健康更幸福。
21. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦,差点使我半途而废。
[额外成就感]
①直接使用:so… that…
例句:The job was so tired, boring and seemed endless that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太累、太无聊,而且没完没了,这使我差点半途而废。
高级句型挑战:
The job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦、太无聊,而且没完没了,这使我非常累,差点半途而废。
②能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有:
(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)
22. The Red Star Television Factory, which proces TV sets of quality, was set up in the 1980’s.
生产高品质电视的红星电视机厂,始建于1980年。
23. The E-reading room, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world, is open to both teachers and students.
我们可以向世界每个地方发电子邮件的电子阅览室,对老师和同学都同样开放。
24. I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company.
我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。
25. The number of workers and engineers has risen(更高级词汇:increased) to over 2000, and 80% of them are college graates.
工人和工程师的数量已超过了2000人,而且他们有80%都是大学学历。
26. There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus.
在校园内,学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。
27. Now in the rural areas, there are many children out of school. I think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling.
现今,在农村地区还有很多孩子失学。我认为原因之一就是他们的家庭太贫困,而无法供应他们上学。
28. People should pay more attention to the ecation of children because they will play a very significant /(important) part/(role) in the future of our country.
人们应该增加对儿童教育的重视,因为他们会在祖国的未来扮演重要的角色。
29. In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.
到2008年,我们会看到北京像花园一样,有着更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。
30. How nice to hear from you again.
能再次收到你的来信真是太好了。
31. Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
敬盼早日回复。
[额外成就感]
I’m looking forward to meeting you in no time.
我期待与你早日相见。
32. If you have any questions or requests, please let me know.
如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。
33. No matter what you do in the future, English will always be important.
不管你将来做什么,英语都是最重要的
34. Nothing is more important than to receive ecation.
没有什么比接受教育更重要的事了。
35. There is no doubt that playing video game is going to be their biggest problem for students to affect study.
毫无疑问,玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学习的最大问题。
36. Obviously, it is high/(about) time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem.
显然,早该采取一些积极的措施来解决问题。
[额外成就感]
写作高手使用的高难度表达:
I suggest the department concerned taking some effective measures to improve the present situation.
我建议有关部门采取一些有效措施改善现状。
37. Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
38. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
39. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
吸烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
(字数受限,给我邮箱,完整的发到你邮箱里)
⑥ 如何减少英语写作中的语法错误
这个问题,首先要有良好的语法基础,找本语法书看看,再者word 文档对于检查语法错误很有帮助,把你要写的打上去,不对的地方会有横线标出来
⑦ 写作时的语法错误有哪些 写作时应该避免哪些语法误区
在中国学生中,最常见的就是主谓一致问题,单复数问题,一个句子出现几个动词情况,还有非谓语动词用错,从句问题,介词用错问题等等。写作中一定要避免一个句子出现几个动词情况,还有要避免介词用错情况和主谓不一致。
⑧ 英语作文怎么规避语法错误
要培养语感,增强阅读量,多去模仿地道英语的表达。被其他人的好的范文是很有效的方式,把别人的东西转换成自己的东西,并在此基础上提高。每次语法上犯的错误要去寻找原因,归纳总结。
⑨ 如何减少英语写作中的语法错误
学好语法是关键,另外,还要多背范文。 高中英语语法通霸打包下载 高中英语作文大全打包下载 http://pan..com/s/1sjqtsoX
⑩ 写英语作文老是犯语法错误,怎么避免啊,,,难道只有背别人的作文吗,难道以后说一句英语还要和别人学
我以前也是老爱写长句,先掌握基本的语法,尝试先写短句,然后短句回在变成长句,这答样符合语法结构,背背英语句子可以提高自己的语感,重要的还是多读,多听,多感受,别太在意语法给人的约束,轻松对待,毕竟学是为用的