英语应用文写作与交际的四个准则

1. 英语应用文

一、明信片：

当你想给亲友一个简短的信息时，可使用明信片。通常明信片的一面是图画，另一面供书写用。明信片的写法比较简单，在它的右面写上收信人的姓名和地址，左面写寄信人要讲的话。习惯上，明信片不写寄信人的地址，但要签上姓名。有人喜欢在明信片上写自己姓名的缩写词。

6th June, 1994

Stamp

POST CARD

We’re enjoying this holiday—Our first at the seaside for five years.

With love

Jean&Jack

Mr & Mrs G.Dole 16 Hill Street

CHEL TENHAM,

GL 50 6mp

1． 根据上述格式给你的朋友寄张明信片，内容为：
“这座古城非常有趣，我们拍了许多照片。爱你的…”

参考答案：

This old town is very interesting. We ‘ve taken many good photographs.

With love

二、
祝贺信(Letter of Congratulations)：
祝贺信的写作与普通信件没有什么大区别，但应注意：

1． 必须包括对收信人的称谓。

2． 必须包括对收信人的祝贺。

3． 必须包括写信人的姓名。

4． 措词真诚、轻松愉快，切忌言过其实。

Sample:

Dear Guojun,

I heard that you graated with high honors from Southeast University last month. I know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, I feel the same.

I wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the future.

With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Qi Zi

常用祝贺信用语

1． Warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.

热烈祝贺你考上了……大学。

2． Please accept our sincere wishes for your… 请接受我们对您……的衷心祝愿。

3． I extend my best wishes for your success. 衷心祝愿你成功。

4． May each new year bring you new hope. 愿每个新年都给您带来新的希望。

三、道歉信(Letter of Apology)

Sample:

May 5

Dear Carole,

I am very sorry that I missed your phone call yesterday. I shall be at home tomorrow morning. Would you please call me again?

Sincerely yours,

Lisa

道歉信常用语句

1． Please accept my sincere apologies. 请接受我们诚挚的道歉。

2． Please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.

3． I am sorry I missed your … 对不起，我错过了你的……

4． I’ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party. 未能参加你的庆祝会，我得向你道歉。

5． Please accept my sincere apologies for… 请接受我对……诚挚的歉意。

Ex. 就下述内容写一封道歉信：

你的一位朋友昨天来看望你，你正巧外出未遇，对此你写信表示歉意，并约他明天再过来。

May 5

Dear Tom,

I am very sorry that I was out when you called on me yesterday. Could you come again tomorrow evening as I have something important to discuss with you?

Sincerely yours,

Lisa
更多例子：
1. 因未能践约赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise

Dear [Miss Nancy],

Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].

Hoping to see you soon.

Truly yours,

亲爱的[南希小姐]：

[小儿][上周六]突然生病，因此未能应约赴[生日]宴，殊觉抱歉，希原谅，再见。

祝

好！

2. 因迟复来信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late

Dear [David]:

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable. When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong]. As my family could not forward it to me ring my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up. Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.

I enjoyed many pleasant sights ring my trip. I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.

Yours,

亲爱的[戴维]：

请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解的。您的来信到来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。

祝好！

3. 因未能及时还书致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time

Dear [Kate]:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest. I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me. Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer. However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.

Thanking you again for the loan.

Sincerely yours,

亲爱的[凯特]：

我迟迟未能归还您的那本《鲁滨逊飘流记》，请原谅。该书我读得津津有味。读完后，正预备归还您时，我的[表妹]来访，见这本书也感兴趣，定要借去一读。为了让别人也能分享您那本书所给予的乐趣，我不能及时归还。我想再延迟些日子奉还，谅您不会介意的。

再次感谢您的慷慨。

祝好！

4. 因遗失借书致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book

Dear [Frank]:

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week]. I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month]. [Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found. I will try to recover it as soon as possible. If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.

But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one. Old books are like old friends. Once lost, they can never be replaced. They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have. And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame. I was so careless with my things. This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.

Yours truly,

亲爱的[弗兰克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。

但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。

四、慰问信

慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。慰问信写时应注意：

1. 写给受伤人的信要简短，中肯。信中不必问询事故发生的过程、原因、见证人等。

2. 慰问信中应写一些被慰问者喜欢或熟悉的事物，如病人的爱好、兴趣等，以使病人得到宽慰。

1. 向朋友问候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health

Dear [John]:

I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital. Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again. Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.

With kind regards,

Yours sincerely,

亲爱的[约翰]：

听说你病了，我深感不安。原来我们还以为您的病情有所好转，事实上却反而加重，而不得不住进了医院。但愿这是短时间的，很快不会恢复健康。这里每个人都祝愿您早日痊愈。

特此问候

2. 问候朋友的母亲 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother

Dear [Mr. Wang],

I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late. Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.

Sincerely yours

亲爱的[王先生]：

听说您的母亲身体欠安，深表忧虑。不知令堂近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。

您忠诚的

[吴洋]

3. 祝贺朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery

Dear [Jane]:

I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.

I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.

Yours sincerely

亲爱的[简]：

在您患病的这一期间内，亲戚朋友无不为你挂虑，听到你的病已有好转，并已逐渐痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝贺。

望你早日完全痊愈。

4. 慰问丧偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife

Dear [Mrs. Harper],

I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].

In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship. I found [him] a since and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].

The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.

Truly yours

亲爱的[哈珀女士]：

获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。

长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实而有帮助的朋友。

但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。

五、传真

传真是通过传真机传递的信函，大多为业务信函。企事业单位都有专用的传真纸，纸上面印有现成的传真格式，拟发传真时按格式填写即可。下面为一种常见的传真格式：

发传真人单位名称、地址=电话和传真号码、电子邮件网址

TO: (收传真人单位) DATE (发送传真日期)

ATTN: (Attention, 收传真部门或个人姓名) FAX NO: (传真号)

FROM：(发传真部门或个人姓名) PAGE(S): (所发传真页数)

RE: (Regarding, 传真内容标题)

(传真信函)：

称呼语：

信体：

客套结语：

署名：

六、请求信

Example 1.

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 8, 1995

Dear Sirs,

I wish to enroll your intensive English program before I attend a university in the fall of 1996.

Your sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.

Sincerely yours,

Wang Xiaoping

Example 2.

Wang Xiaoping

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 6,1998

Dear Sirs,

I want to pursue a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering at your university. My intended date of entrance is Spring, 1999. Would you please send me the application forms for admission?

Sincerely yours

Wang Xiaoping

2. 应用文写作的四要素是什么，各自的特点是什么

应用文应该具备的四个基本要素：

1、写作主体—作者；

2、写作客体—所反映的客观事物(包括精神客体；

3、写作本体(或称载体)—文本；

4、写作受体—接受和作用对象即读者。

应用文写作的特点是以实用为目的的写作实践活动，从总体角度说，它是研究应用文体写作基本理论、基本知识和基本技能技巧的一门学问。

应用文的写作特点：

1、实用性强；

应用文在内容上十分重视实用性。它是用来办事、解决实际问题的，具有很强的实用性。

2、真实性强；

“真实”是文章的生命，一切文章都要求具有真实性。对于这一点，各类文章要求不同。它反映的情况、问题，叙述的事实 是客观存在的，发布、传达上级指示精神是确有的，不能经过任何艺术加工。

3、针对性强；

它根据不同的领域、不同的具体业务、不同的行文目的，选用不同的文种。

(2)英语应用文写作与交际的四个准则扩展阅读：

应用文的语言特征：

1、简洁；

应用文作为一种实用性文体，语言上与其他文体相比较，主要表现出“朴实、沿习、多元、明确、简练、生动”等特征。

2、朴实；

文学作品属形象思维范畴，主要用场景渲染、人物描写、心理刻画等手法塑造出活生生的艺术形象来感染读者，即“以情动人”。语言上特别重视积极的修辞手法，特别讲究动词、形容词的锤练。论文写作属逻辑思维范畴，以对事理的解剖分析、综合归纳、逻辑推论“以理服人”，语言上特别重视语法、逻辑和专业术语的准确。

朴实特征还表现在多用庄重典雅的书面语，少用或不用口语词、方言词、土俗俚语、歇后语。例如某财务大检查通知中写道：“费用错误列支的，务必纠正。

今年的要纠正，去年的也不要放过。今后不论超产奖还是什么乱七八糟的这个奖那个奖，统统都得在利润中支付。”这段文字里的“不要放过”、“乱七八糟的这个奖那个奖”、“统统”等词语口头表述尚可，但不宜用于应用文中。

3. 英语应用文写作填空

91.June 20th,2012
92.Mr Johnson (Professor Johnson)
93.best friends
94.to study
95.to improve her listening comprehension

4. 求英语应用文写作

Dear John Smith:
Hello!
Are you busy? My wife and I'd like you and your wife to participate in our son's birthday party. One time is scheled for June 10 at the royal hotel at seven o 'clock in the afternoon.
Hope that when the time comes to visit !
li Wang

dear liwang:
hello!
Thank you very much for your invitation. I'm very happy enough see the party but I will be in processing company shall have represented. I apologize for not to take part in this.
john smith

5. 英语应用文写作

一、书信习惯表达
开篇
1. This letter is to …
2. I am writing to express my …
结束
1. Thank you for your time and consideration.
2. I am expecting/ looking forward to your immediate response.
3. Your prompt and favorable attention to my letter would be greatly appreciated.

6. 英语应用文写作通用开头结尾

开头
This essay discusses …

… is explored …

… is defined …

The definition of … will be given

… is briefly outlined …

… is explored …

The issue focused on ….

… is demonstrated ...

… is included …

In this essay …..

… is explained …

… are identified …

The key aspect discussed …

… are presented …

… is justified …

Views on …. range from ….

… is evaluated …

… is examined …

The central theme …

… is described …

… is analysed …

Emphasised are …

… is explained and illustrated with examples …

结尾

In summary, …

To review, …

In conclusion, …

In brief, …

To summarise, …

To sum up, …

To conclude, …

Thus, …

Hence, …

It has been shown that, …

In short, …

7. 应用文写作四要素

应用文写作具备以下几个特点：
（一）实用性
应用文的主要任务是解决实际问题的。例如：经济活动要写分析报告，要写经济合同；法律行为要写起诉状、答辩状；礼仪活动要写请柬、祝贺信、贺电，死了人要发布消息要写讣告，开追悼会要写悼词，婚丧喜庆要在门框张贴对联；开会要发通知，有重要事项请求上级答复批准要写请求。总之，为了办某件事，解决某个问题，交流某项经验，疏通某一情感，达成某种协议，都必须选择适合表达的具体文种，讲求实效。可以说，每种文体都体现出很强的实用价值。应用文不是供人审美、供人欣赏玩味，更不是供文人骚客比试高下的文体，而是供人实践运用，达成一定功利目的的文体。
（二）真实性
应用文要求作者严格按照客观事物的本来面目进行写作，决不允许虚构和凭空想象。真实性是应用文体写作的生命之所在。只有真实地向社会各方面传递各种信息，上情下达，下情上达，它的文体价值才会有效地实现，否则就会失真，给社会带来不利影响甚至造成危害。
（三）针对性
应用文写作有着明确的功利目的性，它是为处理和解决社会生活中的实际问题而进行的。因此，它有着明确的特定接受对象，有强烈的针对色彩。从文种选择、格式安排到语词的运用，都要针对写作目的与读者对象而有所选择与取舍。
（四）时效性
时效性包括应用文的时代性、及时性、作用时间的有限性三层含义。所谓时代性，是说它要与现实紧密结合，紧跟时代、适应时代的变化与需求。所谓及时性，是说它要求在一定时限内完成写作任务，延期则会影响作用的发挥，甚至贻误工作。所谓作用时间的有效性，是说它只在一定时期内产生直接作用，写作目的实现了，其直接效用就会随之消失，文本就变成了档案材料。
（五）工具性
应用文本身不是人们追求的目标，仅仅是能动地实现特定目标采取的手段。它以语言文字为中介，传递各种信息，在社会**、经济、文化、科技乃至日常生活各个方面发挥工具作用。
（六）规范性
应用文的体式是固定的，严格讲究格式准确。其文本形式和制发程序都有特定要求，讲究规范。在实际写作中，不同种类的应用文都有一套为内容服务的相应的体式，都有其惯用的格式、结构、手法及写作要求，且相对稳定，在相当长时间内不会有变化。当然，我们所说的固定，也只是一种相对意义的固定。从长远和历史的发展观点来看，应用文体还将随着时代和社会生活的发展而有所变化的。