非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要有三种形式:
①不定式to do
②动名词(现在分词)doing
③过去分词done
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词的功能:
①作主语。
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后。
②作表语。
Her job is to clean the hall.
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
The window is broken.
③作宾语。
如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。
④作宾语补足语。
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语。
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。
⑤作定语
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
⑥作状语。
不定式作状语可以表目的,表结果,表原因,表程度。
现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语(表伴随)、结果状语、目的状语。
过去分词作状语表原因、时间、条件、让步
⑵ 英语作文高中生活的第一天并标出谓语和非谓语
谓语:谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”专.谓语动词的位置一般属在主语之后.
非谓语:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词.
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词).
1)不定式
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)动名词
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分词
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词
⑶ 高中英语【非谓语】
下两道题选cc
解释一下have的几种句型
have\let\make(三大使役动词)+宾语+四种情况:1、版do表示经常发生或权发生过
2、doing表示正在发生,延续的动作
3、done表示被动
4、adj表状态
注:以上这三个动词都翻译为使、让、令
当have翻译成有的时候和其他动词一样后面要接to do ,比如:I have something to eat.
⑷ 高中英语作文中什么情况下可以运用上非谓语动词来表达呢请高手指点
从句中表时间、动作伴随的情况下,都可以用非谓语动词的!下面给你相关知识,希望有帮到你!要提高运用复杂句的能力,考生必须要攻克三个易错点:一是主句与从句之间主谓结构混乱,造成主句缺谓语;二是没有掌握关联词的用法,错用、多用、漏用关联词;三是该使用简单句的地方人为地复杂化,如可以用分词或介词短语来表达的,却偏要用从句。 此外,简单句用得太多,会造成文章读起来乏味。在评卷员看来,同样意思的内容,能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达,当然会认为其运用语言的能力要比只会用简单句来表达要强,评分自然就高。1.巧用非谓语动词。运用非谓语动词,可以使文句看起来更简洁,使语言更加丰富多彩,重点更加突出,增加文采。如:I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. (2004年广东卷)2.巧用with复合结构。“with+名词/ 代词+现在分词/ 过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词”结构,常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性和情感性,使文章读起来更简洁明了。试以下两个句子:I couldn’t go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me. (普通)I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. (高级)2004年广东卷3.巧用复合句。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性,鼓励考生尽量使用教复杂的结构,并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果恰当运用各类从句,就会使文章出彩。如2006年广东卷:What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. (定语从句)4.巧用倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动,加强语气,使评卷老师感受作者的强烈情感。如以下几个句子:(倒装句)Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.(感叹句)I thought, “How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.” 5.巧用排山倒海句式。如能运用一个个排比句、对偶句、不定式或短语,可令文章增色不少,给评卷员眼前一亮的感觉。如:The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
⑸ 高中英语(非谓语)
这种情况是有的,有点像定语从句,后面是不定式
再给你些例子
She had no time left in which to pack her things
她没有时间收拾行李回了
It was a bad season in which to have outings
这时是一答个不适于郊游的季节
After the harvest,the peasants selected their best proce with which
to pay their tax to the state.
收了庄稼,农民选最好的粮食来交公粮
不定式就相当于定语从句,这种结构在理解上没有难度
就是少见!
⑹ 高中英语非谓语
你是高中生吧,其实英语的非谓语动词主要有三大类。一是分词,二是动名词,三是动词不定式。你得认真思考,理解了就特别简单了,真心希望可以帮到你。
我们先说分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词即v.-ing;表示正在进行的、主动的。另外可以be连用形成现在进行时态
过去分词即v.-ed;表示已经完成的、被动的。另外可以have,has连用形成现在完成时;还可以与be连用形成被动语态
用法:
(1)作形容词,修饰名词
the changing world 正在改变的世界
the changed world 被改变的世界
the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country 发达国家
the man standing there 站在那里的人standing there做后置定语
the work finished yesterday 昨天完成的工作finished yesterday做后置定语
也可以写成定语从句the man who is standing there
和the work which was finished yesterday
(2)作副词,修饰句子
Seeing the tiger, the boy cried.
主动关系
Seen from the hill, the city is small. 被动关系
一般题型:是放在句子开头,然后判断所填动词跟后面主句的主语是主动还是被动关系。主动用现在分词v.-ing;被动用过去分词v.-ed
二是动名词
含义:即doing。当作名词使用;强调一种状态
用法:
(1)接某些动词后面,要背记住。
keep / avoid / need / like / enjoy / finish / mind / perfer + doing
e.g.: Would you mind opening the window?
(2)充当名词单独使用,作主语和表语。
Playing football is my hobby.
My hobby is playing football.
(3)介词后面用动名词doing,作介词宾语。
He left without ____(say) goodbye.
I’m interested in _____(read) books.
三是动词不定式
含义:即to do。表示为了……;强调一种目的。也表示将来。
用法:
(1)接某些动词后面
fail / decide / want / have / happen / plan / manage/ pretend/ promise/ afford + to do
(2)作形容词,
I have many things to do.(要做的)
He have no room to live in. (不及物动词需补全介词)
There is nothing to worry about.(可担心的)
We have a child to take care of.(需要照顾的)
(3)作副词修饰句子
They went to Shanghai to visit The World Expo.
他们去上海参观世博会了。
To save the boy, he lost his life. 为了救那个男孩,他牺牲了。
这时可在前面加in order或者so as表示强调。
即in order to do, so as to do
(4)作名词,作主语或者表语
To eat is to live, but to live is not to eat.
When to start is not known.
作主语时如果不定式过长,可放到后面,前面用形式主语it代替。
e.g.: To talk with the superstar is not easy.
=It is not easy to talk with the superstar .
即我们常见的It is + adj. + to do; 注意如果前面有 I think/make /find 时,后面的is可省略。如 He made it easy to learn English.
(5)作宾语补足语
ask
tell
expect 期望
teach sb.(某人) + to do
allow 容许
remind 提醒
encourage 鼓励
invite
如:He told us not to close the door.
注:1.考试经常考这些结构的被动语态:
be asked / told/ expected / taught /allowed + to do
2.有些动词to 可省略,如:
make / have / let sb. do 让某人做……
help / hear / see sb. do
但这些结构换成被动语态,to就需还原:
如 I saw him get on the bus.
→He was seen to get on the bus.
⑺ 高中英语非谓语怎么学
搞清楚两个关系:
1时态关系
2动宾关系还是主谓关系(被修饰词与非谓语之间的逻辑关系)
跟不卑不亢没有任何关系……
⑻ 高中英语 ,谓语非谓语
这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句形式。
其中who is illiterate 是定语从句修饰someone;has 是主句的谓语部分。
⑼ 高中英语 非谓语
你好,这个题目选C,meeting。这是mention接动名词做宾语的考点。这个单词后面一定要接动词的ing形式。就相当于enjoy后面一定要接doing一样。这个也是非谓语的一个考点哦。
⑽ 高中英语非谓语动词用法
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式: Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。