㈠ 雅思大作文的连贯性是怎么一回事
雅思评分标准中，作文的连贯性用了两个单词表示cohesion and coherence , 这两个单词都有连贯性的意思，这两者究竟有什么区别呢？
coherence 侧重在一致性,包括了：logically sequenced ，appropriately organised 和 easy to follow and understand .
logically sequenced 要求把内容有逻辑地排列起来，文章逻辑严谨，有理有据，文章论述要一环扣一环，当然也要以task response 为基础.
appropriately organised 清晰地安排文章结构，比如在开头段明确表达自己的观点，每一段主体段都有自己的分论点，在结尾重申观点并总结全文.
easy to follow and understand表达要清晰准确地道，让人容易理解你表达的观点。
cohesion 侧重在连贯性，是利用连接词cohesive devices 和 各种从句 subordinate clause 去把句子和段落连接起来，利用连接词和从句突出文章的逻辑，让人更容易理解。
如何提高文章的cohesion and coherence？
第一，
多次重复关键词，强调段落主题，让考官看到你的关键词，把上下文连接起来，对文章有一个整体的好印象。
第二 ，
改用近义词，把关键词进行同意替换，增加词汇的多样性
第三
使用指代的方法，一定要指代清楚
第四，
正确使用连接词，增加句子连贯性。
第五
文章要围绕一个观点来写，分论点要回应提出的观点，包括主题句和结论等
请输入标题
开头和结尾的观点要互相呼应和一致，不要在结尾提出新的观点。
㈡ 12个带“when”和“while”的英语作文，需要有连贯性……哪位大虾能帮帮忙啊，急用……
i had a dog when i was 9 years old. i got the dog while i was eating my birthday cake. It was very cute.i always play with it while my mom was cooking in the afternoon. but it so naughty when we didn't notice it. one day, the dog came to my room when i was doing my homework. the dog jumped on my bed while i was drinking water. when i noticed that, the dog had already gone. and my bed was so dirty. i thought i had to tell my mom. so i go downstairs while my mom was watching TV. i told my mom when she began to prepare dinner. she heard that very angry. my mom was yelling at my dog while the dog came into kitchen. we started to cleaned my room. after cleaned my bedroom. my mom began to cook and i played with my dod. while my mom was cooking, someone knocked the door. i opened the door and my dad came in. at that moment, my dog drop down from stairs. i run to my dog when my dog was crying. and our family sent my dog to pet hospital immediately.
12个。故事很烂但是请勉强接受吧，重复用这个句子还要连贯真是不怎么容易。
㈢ 怎么练习自己思维的连贯性和口语表达的连贯性
注意训练自抄己的流利与袭连贯，要做到能够连续、不费力地交谈，没有过多的踟蹰、犹豫。首先，我们应该培养正确的思维模式，对每个问题的回答应有一个总体的思路;另外，要掌握一些常用的关联词汇，使得表达流畅、有条理、逻辑性强。
在我们描述物品、地点或是一件事情的过程中，我们应该按照一定的时间和空间顺序，同时，要使用一些顺序的连接词。我们知道，英语是强调“形合”的语言，要求句子之间有明确的逻辑关系。我们要掌握表示列举、转折、因果、归纳等关系的词汇，以连接前后的话语。
㈣ 如何增强雅思作文段落间逻辑连贯性
，即文章的连贯性。连贯的语言可以使文章读起来如行云流水，给人一气呵成回之感。但是，在写作时答，很多考生比较缺乏文章连贯的意识，或缺少使得语言表达连贯的方法，导致雅思大作文失分。鉴于此，写作组的专家将结合多年的考试及教学经验，给雅思考生们讲解一下如何增强段落内部的连贯性。
㈤ 如何有效地提高英语写作的逻辑思维
我们先来看看文章的评判标准。一般情况下，我们可以通过这几个标准来衡量一篇文章的优劣：词汇的丰富与准确性，语法的准确性，文章的连贯与流畅度，观点是否清晰扣题，论证是否严谨有力。对大部分人来说，词汇和语法并不是最大的问题，多阅读多练习，假以时日，总可以慢慢掌握。实际上，在英文写作中最让人头疼的往往是后面几项：观点的提出以及论证，文字的衔接和耦合。
文章要做到连贯流畅，观点清晰，论证有力，仅仅靠背单词和学语法是不够的，因为它还涉及到一个更深层次的问题：逻辑思维能力。写作活动是一种严密而有序的逻辑思维过程。很多作文中出现的表达混乱，层次不清等问题，往往是写作时逻辑思维混乱导致的。还没想清楚就下笔，写出来的东西自然不会清晰到哪里去。
那我们应该要怎样做，才能提高逻辑思维能力，写出清晰严谨的文章呢？ 可以从以下几点入手：
1.注意句子以及段落的逻辑关系
之前一直有这样的说法“英语是一门逻辑性很强的语言”，为什么这么说呢？因为仔细观察你会发现，英语在遣词造句上是遵循严密的的逻辑形式的：用词上要求人称、数、格的一致；句子有严谨的主谓结构，多用关联词语，重视形式的对应和显性衔接。而在语篇中多突出主题句，直线式地展开段落。
对于写作来说，一篇好的文章要遵循句子和句子之间，段落和段落之间的衔
接和连贯。一篇好文章并不是句子的机械堆砌，而是一个有机整体，句子和句子之间是存在严谨的逻辑关系的。举个例子，下面是一篇常见的说明文段落：
AIDS seems to follow a pattern of recognizable being exposed to the virus, the AIDS patients tends to complain of a fever, sore throat, sore muscles,and seems to be a dormant period ,which can last for three years or after this period, more serious symptoms begin to emerge.
仔细阅读之后会发现，文章中的句子之间在逻辑上环环相扣，每一个都不可或缺。如果句子之间的衔接没做好，写出来的文章可能会是这样的：
Every summer, I go to traveling with my family or my best friends. When the new term comes, I will surprisingly find my oral English is much improved. So I firmly believe book is not only the source of knowledge.
上面的句子虽然没有语法问题，但读起来感觉却很奇怪，为什么？因为句子与句子之间并没有一个很好的逻辑关系："go to traveling with my family" 与后面的"my oral English is much improved" 并没有必然联系，逻辑上讲不通。
除了句子的衔接外，段落与段落之间的衔接也非常重要。这一点在经济学人等外刊文章上体现得很好，比如这篇文章The weaker sex , 段落的结构非常清晰，开头都有主题句来引领全段，而且段落与段落之间是层层递进的关系。 What can be done? Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes.
Policymakers also need to lend a hand, because foolish laws are making the problem worse.
Even more important than scrapping foolish policies is retooling the ecational system, which was designed in an age when most men worked with their muscles.
More generally, schools need to become more boy-friendly.
从上面可以看到，要写出逻辑清晰的文章，我们要特别注意句子以及段落的衔接和连贯。这就要求我们要用好连接词以及语义承接。
在写作中常见的连接词有"because, as, while, if, however, therefore, although, similarly, consequently, nevertheless "等，它们属于“明连接”。 语义承接则是通过上下文之间的承接关系来自然行文，比如通过指示代词、人称代词等对前一句中出现过的内容进行指代，或者对前一句话中出现的关键词进行转述，解释，从而形成自然的承接关系。语义承接属于“暗承接”。
下面这篇雅思 9 分作文片段就很好地体现了连接词以及语义承接的效果（仔细体会加黑以及带下划线的单词，感受一下连接词的效果）。
I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture The main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract
often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather usually the "hero" too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others. 上面的作文片段中，"This" 用来指代"I tend to agree..." 一整句的内容，连接词"because"用来连接从句说明原因，"regardless of" 后面连接名词性从句做进一步说明。"These"用来指代上一句中出现的 "computer activities"，用定冠词"the"修饰的"player" 和 "game" 则与上一句呼应，指代游戏中的玩家和游戏。
由此可以看出，通过用好连接词以及语义承接的方式，我们可以将句子甚至段落有机联系起来，使之符合逻辑。
事实上，衔接和连贯性(Coherence and Cohesion)一直是雅思写作中的一个重要评分标准，雅思官方也给出了一个指导视频：
IELTS Writing 雅思写作连贯性
㈥ 如何理解雅思写作中的段落连贯性和衔接
连贯性是雅思写作很重要的一个评分标准。作文的各个段落之间紧密联系，共同支撑文章观点;段落的句子间逻辑清晰，很好地支持段落大意;整篇文章以作者的想法为中心展开。
㈦ 如何保证雅思写作的文章连贯性
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。每个人的情况不同，也可以登录文都国际教育官网进行一对一的咨询。
1、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was
obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew
the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then,
when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours ----- it
must have been close to noon ---- the heat nearly hid us in; the
radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to
cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four o'clock
and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the
tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in
the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very
nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him.
By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we
knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky
day.
本段从"rose"(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天结束("By nine--")。
B.按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)
例如：From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got
closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all
right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were
also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a
pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten
feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of
glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was
made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had
four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a
steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light
changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and
we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance")写起，然后"get closer"，再到(" ten feet
away")，最后是"inside the pagoda"……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C.按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a.按重要性顺序排列(arrangement insgroupsof importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much
skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine,
your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as
soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends
on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word.
And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the
organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be
that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In
the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the
large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is
perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从"not need much skill"或"of little importance"到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been
careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any
number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the
reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what
it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the
reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has
switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader
loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps
sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A ---- the writer, in whose
head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing
link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not
taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and
"sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big
one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个"perhaps"加以例证。
c.由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with
the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in
breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not
possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her
independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff
unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed,
perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand,
loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till
night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who
saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually
offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable,
on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds,
drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is
imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First,
though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his
efforts on his studies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math.
Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient
in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects
besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of
high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had
to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on
schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward
realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or
phrases)，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in
particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and,
consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he,
those, his, he, these,
his.本段1有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅(smoothness)有益，而且对于学生在规定时间内写足所要求的字数也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on
sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000
years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented
only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word
choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent
often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are
ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in
the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture,
loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture,
loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and
writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it"之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on
sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was
developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent
development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is
usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is
often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell
where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard
diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies
on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing
lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the
differences.
有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1)不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where
he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes
refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to
die down, but they come after him anyway.
2)不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy.
But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run
out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the
deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3)不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's
activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in
the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members
will do things together and know one another. You need to give up
isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of
obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
㈧ 如何做好英语写作时的连贯性研究 博客
写作的四项评分标准中，大部分考生关注的是词汇的替换、拼写的准确以及句法的多样性这几个比较基础的方面，对于连贯和衔接这一项的要求因为和我们的母语产出是一样的，所以很多考生往往觉得不必要重视，顺其自然地写下去就好。但分析认为，实际上不论图表分析还是议论文，在这一项上失分的情况都比较多，而只要理解并引起足够的重视这种原因造成的失分比词汇和句法方面的更容易纠正。
连贯和衔接这一评分标准中我们一般所提到的只是衔接，也就是说前后两个句子或者段落之间要有如but, and, therefore 等信号词反映出内容之间的逻辑关系，常见的有顺接、转折、并列、递进、因果等等。而连贯体现在语域和逻辑两个方面。前者指的是全文的措辞、文风、句式等应保持一致；后者指的是文章应该有合理的组织和合理的主位化，相邻的句子应围绕一定的核心概念来表达，使得全篇行文通畅。
语域方面的连贯问题在议论文中比较严重，也就是所谓的模板句式太多或者Memorized的词汇或短语太多，与全文文风不符，学员反馈最低压到4.5到5分。逻辑方面的连贯主要是在图表作文中问题较多。主位(theme)不完全等同于主语，因为主语一般是动作的发出者或者评价的对象，而主位是侧重于每个句子由什么开始，可以是名词充当的主语，也可以是时间或地点状语。适当的调整主位是为了服务于行文的连贯性。如：
It can be seen from the figure quoted that Brisbane and Perth consumed the same water when it was under 125 kl, with 0.42 per kilometer. Sydney took the leading position at this level, with $0.98, comparing to Adelaide and Melbourne ranged from $0.78 to $0.84 per kilometer.
Things changed a little bit when the consumption over 125 kl. Sydney remained its first position($0.98 per kl). Meanwhile Adelaide ($0.78) and Melbourne ($0.84) ranked the least.
这两个段落有明显的单词和句式的重复，而且有句法错误，所以得分不会高于6分。但上述问题不是短时间内可以纠正过来的，而连贯方面的问题则不同，这实际上是读图时的要求。
两段联系起来可以看出作者分段是按照耗水量是否超过125kl来分段的，所以大于或小于125kl就应该作为每段突出强调的部分提前，即将其主位化。第一段明显安排欠妥。
此外第一段中开始写的是Brisbane and Perth用水的数量相同，而后面写的是Sydney和另外两个城市的水价比较，这段的主线就游移不定，也就是说前后不是围绕同一点来的，所以不够连贯。此外，如果我们要从用水量低于125kl这个图开始分析，一般也应该分成两类：用水量和单价，并且视情况分别写出极值、排序、比较等。
分析认为，很多考生觉得图表作文不怎么出彩，所以将主要精力放在应付议论文上，对于读图分析根本不重视才造成上述问题。而段落的划分是最基本的分析图表要求，如果分得不清楚，或者明明分段但是段首句主位处理不当，将肯定会失分。
㈨ 英语文章的连贯性如何更好的保持
有一些词联系前后文，比如first,second,third;at first,next,finally:last but not least等短语，你可以找一些英语文章的模板看看，或者找一些这样的回词答记一些，用到作文中会添彩不少。
㈩ 写作教学中连贯性训练的形式和意义
加强逻辑关系。