① 高考英语作文的评分,英语老师进.
论述：如何理解高考英语写作题的评分标准
本文也适用于高中英语教师。
一般来说，写作题的高考评分标准包含评分原则、内容要点、给分范围及要求、说明和参考范文五个部分。其中内容要点以及词数、标点、书写等方面的原则比较容易理解、操控和落实。但“评分时，应该注意的主要内容为……应用词汇和语法结构的数量……上下文的连贯性和语言的得体性”等评分原则，“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致，具备较强的语言运用能力；有效地使用了语句间的连接成份，使全文结构紧凑”等给分要求、以及“对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分”等说明，相对比较抽象，不易捉摸。
一、 如何理解“应用了较多的词汇”
这里所说的“词汇”，可以从高级词汇的使用、同义词的使用、短语的使用等方面去理解：
（一） 高级词汇的使用
评分标准第五档次的要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。这里所说的“高级词汇”，指的是大纲中没有列入或没有识记要求，但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇，比如frustration, awkward, awfully, concern等词，都可以算作是“高级词汇”。考生若能够适当地运用一些高级词汇，定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象。
1. I can’t find any way to solve the problem. (换作高级词汇：I can’t find any solution to the problem.)
2. The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. (换作高级词汇：The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her.)
3. The question is really difficult to understand. (换作高级词汇：The question is really confusing.)
4. He had to face all the possible difficulties. (换作高级词汇：He had to cope with all the possible difficulties)
（二） 同义词的使用
英语中有些词的使用频率非常高，比如interesting, clever等，在表达时大家都很喜欢用，这样很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词，就可以做到与众不同，给评卷者带来清新的感觉。例如：
1. It will be very interesting. (换作同义词：It will be a lot of fun.)
2. He was so clever that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.( 换作同义词：He was so smart that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.)
3. Last summer I visited New Jersey with my parents. (换作同义词：Last summer I toured New Jersey with my parents.)
（三） 适当利用短语取代单词
总体而言，使用短语的难度比单词要大一些，因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例如：
1. Suddenly I had a good idea. (换作短语：Suddenly I came up with a good idea.)
2. Take a moment to see what is happening around you. (换作短语：Take a moment to see what is going on around you.)
3. Everyone should do his or her best. (换作短语：Everyone is supposed to do his or her best.)
二、 如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构”
固定句式（如感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等）、定语从句、现在分词短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映写作者的语言运用能力。
（一） 使用固定句式
1. She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help.(使用before one can do sth.结构：She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.)
2. The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. (使用倒装结构：Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.)
（二） 使用现在分词结构
现在分词结构可以表达伴随、原因等状语，因此几乎在任何文章中都可以用得上。现在分词短语可以使句子的表达更加简洁、生动，而且也使前后两个动作的衔接更加紧密。例如：
1. Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another and this bridges the gap among different races or cultures. (换作现在分词短语：Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another, thus bridging the gap among different race or cultures.)
2. People worked together on the assembly line.(换作现在分词短语：People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently.)
（三） 使用定语从句
定语从句的使用，不仅能使上下文更加流畅，也同时能充分展示写作者运用较复杂的语法结构的能力。例如：
1. My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle. I think he is a genius. (使用定语从句：My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle, who I think is a genius.)
2. My aunt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about USA. (使用定语从句：My aunt bought me a book, whose title is All about the USA.)
三、 如何理解“上下文的连贯性”
评分标准指出，书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”，并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成份，使全文结构紧凑”。这里说的连贯性，就是指通过连接词（包括并列连词，从属连词和连接性副词）、非谓语动词短语等语法成分，使两个或多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个句子内得以表达，从而使整个段落或篇章浑然一体，连贯流畅。
(一) 连接性副词
连接性副词也被称为过渡词。它们的位置一般以句首居多。连接性副词承上启下，能够令读者对后续的句子产生心理上的期待和准备，因此整个篇章会因它们而紧凑连贯。常见的连接性副词有：also, furthermore, in addition, additionally, hopefully, meanwhile, however, instead, in other words, in brief, in a word, in my opinion, on the whole等等。例如：
1. We have many things to do. We believe we can finish before the day is over. (使用连接性副词：We have quite a lot to do. Hopefully, we will be able to finish before the day is over.)
2. The boy comes from a poor family. The boy does very well in his studies. The boy plans to work his way through college. (使用连接性副词：Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.)
(二) 使用从属连词
常见的从属连词有after, as, when, while, as long as, as soon as等。例如：
1. You work hard and never give up. You will succeed in your studies. (使用从属连词：So long as you work hard, you will succeed in your studies.)
2. The teacher came in. the students were quiet. (使用从属连词：The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.)
四、 如何理解“语言的得体性”
评分标准要求考生应注意“语言得体性”，就是要求在表达时根据说话的对象、时间、地点、场合等因素来选择使用恰当的英语语言。
（一） 体裁和题材对得性的要求
不同体裁和题材的文章有不同的用语要求。比如，书面通知中就不适合用“I will tell you a piece of good news.”或“May I have your attention, please?”等句子。这些句子只有在口头通知中才算得体的语句。
2003年高考的书面表达要求“你”给一位外国朋友回信，介绍“你”帮他找的一套出租房。相当一部分考生没有理解“你”与说话对象的关系，所以话语中没有给对方提出异议的余地，叙述的方式和口吻上缺乏礼貌性，像“The house is very suitable for you.”等语句显得相当主观，若改为“Do you think it is suitable for you? If not, I will try again.”就比较得体。
另外， 英语中还有正式语和非正式语，书面语和口头语之分。写作前，还应该认真分析题目的体裁，根据不同的体裁，确定用语的类别。正式用语或书面语的句子结构严格遵循语法规则，所采用的单词使用频率不是很高，比如：permit, inform, discover, depart等词都属于正式用语；而非正式用语或口头用语则较多地使用短语，所采用的单词使用频率高，也比较短。比如let, tell, find out, leave等等。费正式用语也经常使用简略语或缩略词。
（二） 文化和思想内涵对得体性的要求
只有了解社会、历史、文化、政治及思维习惯等因素对语言的影响，才能使选词更贴切、更得体。例如：
1. People who live on the farm can hear cocks’ crow every morning. (rooster 和cock 都可表示“公鸡”，但cock通常听起来比较粗鲁，所以应把cock改为rooster才比较妥当。)
2. Because he was ill, he had to stay at home yesterday. (本句话想要表达的意思是“因为他病了，所以他不得不呆在家里”。汉语思维中常常是先原因，后结果，而英语则刚好相反。所以句子应该改为：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.)
五、 如何理解“紧扣主题的适当发挥”
所谓“紧扣主题的适当发挥”，就是指在合乎情理、合乎规范、力所能及的前提下添加一些要点中没有提及的信息。请看2003年全国高考的一篇优秀考场作文（节选）：
I am very pleasant to learn that you will come to China to study Chinese. I have found an apartment for you. The apartment is on the third floor of a six-storeyed building, which is located on a quiet tree-lined street—Fangcao Street. It is only one bus stop away from Jianxin Chinese School, where you are planning to study this summer. The apartment has a bedroom, in which there is a comfortable sofa, a desk for office and a single bed. Inside there is a bathroom and a kitchen. The apartment occupies an area of 25 square meters. The rent is 500 yuan per month. I hope that the apartment will meet your expectation.
出开头和结尾外， 本文适当发挥的地方有五处（见文中标注），都是稍加扩展又立即收题，而且无一例外都是定语。这些信息的添加，不仅增强了文章的个性，而且使文章内容更加丰富。可见信息的添加不能旁逸斜出或标新立异，否则就会适得其反，突然增加一些出错的机会。
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② 高考英语写作中怎样使用复杂结构
但如何帮助学生真正理解复杂结构，并从整篇作文的角度来定位好的句子呢？我们很难给复杂结构下个确切的定义，但可从以下几个方面探讨对“复杂结构”的理解。
1. 简单句也可能成为好句子
（1）恰当的形容词、副词——表达意见，情感流露的载体。例如：
It turned into a quarrel. → It turned into a horrible/terrible/fierce quarrel.
虽然只是添加了一个形容词，但quarrel 的程度、作者的态度和场景的再现更好地表现了出来。又如：
They began to quarrel. → They began to quarrel with each other blindly/furiously.
（2）同位语——精巧完善欲达之意。例如：
Li Jiang, who is Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame. → Li Jiang, Su Hua's classmate, is also to blame.
定语从句固然带来了复杂结构，但简洁明了是行文的基本要求，该惜墨处勿泼墨。又如：
The boy went back home and was full of fear. → The boy went back home, full of fear.
形容词短语full of fear作状语的表达既简洁明了，又生动形象。
（3）评注性状语——娓娓道来，突出了写作的交际性。例如：
It was Su's fault but Li was also to blame. → To be honest/To be frank, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame.
评注性状语是插入语的一种，它与状语很接近，但它并不修饰谓语或其他词，而是对整个句子进行解释或说明，表明说话人的看法或态度，给读者以娓娓道来之感。又如：
To be short, it is everyone's responsibility to keep the world clean.
（4）非谓语结构——简洁生动之美。例如：
Sandy struck the USA and caused great damage to the infrastructure. → Sandy struck the USA, causing great damage to the infrastructure.
非谓语结构是丰富句子的有效结构，书面性强，表达更为生动。又如：
After I finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games. → Having finished my homework, I often relaxed myself by playing computer games.
（5）被动语态——地道之美。例如：
Some people say this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients. → This kind of milk is said to contain different levels of nutrients. → It is said that this kind of milk contains different levels of nutrients.
受母语负迁移的影响，学生在表达动作发出者不明确时常用主动语态表达，有中式英语之嫌；而使用被动结构却能给句子带来地道英语之美。又如：
People believe that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship. → It is generally believed that mutual understanding contributes to a permanent friendship.
2. 复杂自有其道
（1）复合句——长短之变，节奏之美。例如：
Su Hua and Li Jiang played basketball on the playground. They both jumped up to catch the flying ball. → Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball.
复合句使用了定语从句、状语从句，明确了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，逻辑性强。再有，长短句结构交替使用后，语句内部抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了，从而使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。
（2）倒装句——强化情感，让句子结构趋于平衡。例如：
Su said many mean words to Li and shouted at the top of his voice as well. → Not only did Su say many mean words to Li but also shouted at the top of his voice.
倒装句常带来承上启下、平衡结构、强化情感之效。又如：
A man, who is in all black, is standing with a gun in hand in front of her. → Standing in front of her is a man, who is in all black, with a gun in hand.
（3）强调句——为了突出句子中的某一部分常使用强调句，以便能引起他人的注意，更明确地表达自己的意愿和情感。例如：
He didn't come back until the clock struck twelve. → It was not until the clock struck twelve that he came back.
（4）省略句——干练，无冗长之嫌。例如：
While they were catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other. → While catching the flying ball, they bumped into each other.
（5）虚拟语气——极尽感激、遗憾或悔恨之情。例如：
No one put himself in the other's place. They found no fun in the game. → If one of them had put himself in the other's place, they could have found more fun in the game.
另外，虚拟语气还可以表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含意。书面表达题中常用“假如你是……，你会如何……？”来考查考生的个人认识或解决问题的能力。
前文提到的那位高三学生是一名英语基础很好的学生，向其呈现了以上探讨后，心领神会，修改习作如下：
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. These conflicts can turn out to be serious problems if we don't deal with them properly.
Last week, Su Hua and Li Jiang were playing basketball on the playground when they both jumped up to catch the flying ball. Unfortunately, they bumped into each other. Su began to say mean words and Li shouted back in response. A terrible quarrel occurred all of a sudden.
How to avoid these quarrels effectively? First, we should often stand in others' shoes when faced with conflicts. Second, stay as cool as a cucumber. Think twice and you may find that things are not so bad as you thought first. What's more, we should be good sports. Competitive sports involve unavoidable bumps or even injuries, which should be taken into consideration when you participate in a game.
三、“复杂结构”的再思量
在高三上学期基本语法学完之后，许多老师会让学生在写作中尝试运用各种复合句或特殊结构。陈幸佩（2011）在《高三英语写作复习课的有效性——以宁波市第六届课例评析为例》一文中描述了一位授课教师在写作技能环节总结的四句口诀：①肯定不如双否好；②陈述不如倒装巧；③单句不如复句妙；④从句不如短句傲。但该作者也鲜明地指出此举容易造成学生刻意或生搬硬套地运用这些复杂句的可能。
那么，到底应该如何理解复杂语法结构？
在“要点完整，语言无误，行文连贯，表达清楚”的评分标准指导下，考生往往在书面表达中只用五种基本简单句来表达，以防出错，从而导致中学生写作的层次不高，略显乏味。“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”的新评分标准有其深刻的背景，它虽能引领师生重视并提升写作的品质，但却没有或不便明确说明内容决定形式、简单与复杂并存等要素。由此，部分师生误以为多用结构复杂的句子就会有层次，可以得到高分。事实上，简单句本身同样可以发挥其精妙的表情达意之功。有时一个简单的介词短语也能增添情感的魅力或激发读者的共鸣。例如，一位学生习作（谈双休日的利与弊）中有这样的句子：
With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents. → With the two-day weekends, we can have more time to chat with our parents around the table.
句中的around the table能让读者头脑中浮现出生活的场景，唤起了家庭的温馨之感。
可见，复杂结构并不仅是复杂的句子结构，它应是根据内容和行文需要，巧妙使用高中所学的词汇和各种语法知识，长短句结合，恰当、连贯地传递信息和表达自己的思想，充分体现写作的交际本质。
③ 雅思写作如何运用现在分词
雅思写作怎么慎用巧用分词一：用分词替换定语从句时，分词的逻辑主语就是定语从句前的先行词。 如现在分词：We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)前一句中的分词connecting的逻辑主语是the bridge，和后一句中定语从句先行词the bridge, 两者一致。试比较：The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.此句的定语从句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分词结构替换，即绝不能改成：The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因为分词meeting的逻辑主语并不是定语从句先行词the man,而是Tim，所以这是完全错误的说法。又如过去分词：The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase. 绝不可改成：The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.分词being asked的逻辑主语是club members,并不是定语从句先行词the issue。 雅思写作怎么慎用巧用分词二：表因果 表因果，即当分词所指行为或事件引发了主句所指的事件或行为，可以替换定语从句。比较：A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改为The snow falling overnight...)只表先后，不表因果 B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分词The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先后，表因果。 雅思写作怎么慎用巧用分词三：用分词时，不表动作先后，表伴随状态 用分词时，不表动作先后，表伴随状态。如： The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬间性行为动词fell over 和broke 有先后。 比较：I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表状态伴随的动词cover，替换成分词....sheets covering the furniture. 雅思写作怎么慎用巧用分词四：情态动词做谓语的定语从句，不可用分词替换 情态动词做谓语的定语从句，不可用分词替换。如：There are a number of people who should be asked. 要写出变化的句式，需在熟练掌握各种句型的同时，做到活学活用融汇贯通，并非易事。希望大家平时认真打好好语法和词汇的基本功，多开口勤动笔，在实践中学习。
④ 什么是高考英语写作内容的扩展方向
满意回答 上面各位的回答都不错，我给你找的是专门针对考研用的，因为看你的年纪应该不是为了考四六级这么简单了吧。
写作是语言的重要环节，看看英语考试中对作文的重视就明白了。在考研中，写作意义极其重大，其性价比（即投入的时间和提高的幅度）非常高，在我看来，如果你的阅读水平还可以的话，写作将是你的突破口。
提高写作只有一个字——“恒”，绝对的熟能生巧。我在网上看过高手写的文章，简直可以用恐怖来形容，完全是阅读理解的水平，而作者的诀窍就是每天写每天练！只要不断的写不断的改，你的文章会让你自己吃惊。套用一句：写作恒久远，练习永流传。
然而备考的时间是很紧的，不可能每天保持大量的练习，好在其要求也不高，从现在开始，到考前完全可以达到要求，但千万不要间断！很多同学都有一个情况，越不写，越怕写；越怕写，越不写。万事开头难，所以开始的练习尤为重要，而练习应以词句为主+阅读好文章，我就有一本记录本，专门收集好的词句，效果很好。这里列其中一些较简单实用的，希望能对大家有所帮助（不过，建议同学们最好自己写，自己收集，印象会深很多，每天花10分钟过过，绝对值得。另外，我列的句子很有限，多半是骨架，大家要学会扩展，并且在记忆的时候多联想一下。举例来说，一篇你的文章，用心改一下，好好套用几个句式，改些档次较高的词和词组，可以提高不少哦）：
一． 总结句型
1) ***in general/above all/with the result that/as a
result/consequently, ***
2) As far as I am concerned/as for me, ***
3) This truth above seems to be self-evident.
4) Whether we examine the ***above, such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone.
5) In my point of view, I like/prefer A much more than B.
6) I still prefer A, however, for they teach me not only to be ***but also to be*** ，both in ***and in***.
7) There is no doubt that***
8) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to***
9) To a large extent, ***, therefore, reflects***
10) If all above mentioned measures are achieved, ***
11) Wherever you are and whatever you do, ***is always meaningful.
12) So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it.
13) Now, which one do you prefer-----the one***or the one***? Were it left to me to select, I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter.
二． 开首句型
1) Have you ever gone***? Have you ever been to***? If you have no
experience like these, your life is an inadequate one.
2) Are you***? Are you***? We are, usually.
3) In large part as a consequence of***, somebody have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on something.
4) We expect the day will come when A with its characteristic of***
5) Being adj. is one of the virtues that people must possess (not only in***but also in***/ring***/when***)
6) What A to B, that C to D
7) Currently, there is a widespread/serious concern over that***
8) The reasons for the***are manifold, for instance, ***
9) Several factors contribute to this***, such as***, as for as I’m concerned, however, ***is the most significant ingredient/element.
10) ***is more violent than what we thought it should be before.
11) There are intimate relations between the two.
三． 并列句型
1) Some people like A e to***. However, there are many young people, including me, especially like B.
2) There might be two reasons, I think***, for the change.
3) A and B are both important, they are attribute which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.
4) Different people have different attitudes towards***, some believe that***others, however, argue that***still others maintain that***
5) First***besides, in addition***what’s more***
6) For one thing***nevertheless, for another***
四． 转折句型
1)***Such defects as mentioned above can be prevented by the other way of ***
2) Except for ***’s sake only.
3) Perhaps A is the wrong word, however, B might be better.
4) First***last but not least***
5) Shall we do this? Not necessary the case.
6) ***, and vice versa indeed .
7) On the contrary, in spite of these increase***
8) Compared with A, B has many advantages such as***
9) Not so much*** as he had talked about.
10) ***, the truth of the matter, however, is that***
11) For some, the way maybe right, nevertheless, for many others***
12) As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects, so has***
13) It is fairly well know that***however, it is less know that***
14) ***, but this was not always the case.
15) At first, ***different in their opinions, on second thoughts, however, all of them agree to***
16) None the less(尽管如此)***
17) When people succeed, it is because of hard work, however, luck has a lot to do with it too.
18) ***, sometimes it isn’t totally the case, however.
19) Do some A else but B.
五． 名理句型
1) It is usually the case that ***
2) It is plain common sense---the more/less***the more/less***
3) The serious reality had taught us a lesson
: not being environment friendly will be avenged mercilessly.
4) As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes, ***
5) I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage which goes like this:***
6) The old story of***can serve as a good illustration that***
六． 强调句型
1) With/e to/spurred by***we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with, that is, ***
2) The reason why***is no other than***as I know.
3) The same thing is true with***
4) What I want to point out is that, for a person who wants to be successful in life and to be useful in society, he will have to learn to be both A and B.
5) What a wonderful picture? Especially for we students always swimming in the sea of books!
6) It’s high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the challenges.
7) Before everything else, ***is the secret of success.
七． 图表句型
1) From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that***
2) From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see that***obviously.
3) As show in the chart/by the graph***
4) Have you ever anticipated the prospects of***in the coming decades? Let us just take a look at the figures of***as shown in the graph above.
5) The gap between***and***will be further widened.
6) In face of increasingly serious shortage of energy, we should take effective measures/which of the measures we should take?
7) It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and greater.
8) By***, the number of***had less/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of***
9) 短语：made up about***/the figure amounted to/will rise to/will reach/will double that/will tripled that
另外，文章结尾也很重要，它的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。
文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：
1．首尾呼应，画龙点睛
在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her"
(我忘不了她)的结尾：
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew
she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2．重复主题句
结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾：
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for
the good of our motherland.
3. 自然结尾
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay
down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4．含蓄性的结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were
wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
5．用反问结尾
虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我们要不要学做家务?) 的结尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don’t you agree, boys and girls?
6．指明方向，激励读者
结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let’s Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾：
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help
people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let’s go in for sports.
文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。赞同9| 评论
⑤ 在高考英语写作中，写通知的格式是什么
根据性质和使用范围 ，又可分为规章、法规性通知(如《国务院关于发布〈工商企业登记管理条例〉的通知》)； 批转、转发性通知(如《国务院批转民政部等部门关于扶持农村贫困户发展生产治穷致富的 请示的通知》)；贯彻、周知性通知(如《劳动人事部关于设立“劳动保护科学技术进步奖” 的通知》)。
⑥ 高中英语作文中什么情况下可以运用上非谓语动词来表达呢请高手指点
从句中表时间、动作伴随的情况下，都可以用非谓语动词的！下面给你相关知识，希望有帮到你！要提高运用复杂句的能力，考生必须要攻克三个易错点：一是主句与从句之间主谓结构混乱，造成主句缺谓语；二是没有掌握关联词的用法，错用、多用、漏用关联词；三是该使用简单句的地方人为地复杂化，如可以用分词或介词短语来表达的，却偏要用从句。 此外，简单句用得太多，会造成文章读起来乏味。在评卷员看来，同样意思的内容，能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达，当然会认为其运用语言的能力要比只会用简单句来表达要强，评分自然就高。1．巧用非谓语动词。运用非谓语动词，可以使文句看起来更简洁，使语言更加丰富多彩，重点更加突出，增加文采。如：I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. （2004年广东卷）2．巧用with复合结构。“with＋名词/ 代词＋现在分词/ 过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词”结构，常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性和情感性，使文章读起来更简洁明了。试以下两个句子：I couldn’t go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me. （普通）I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. （高级）2004年广东卷3．巧用复合句。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性，鼓励考生尽量使用教复杂的结构，并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果恰当运用各类从句，就会使文章出彩。如2006年广东卷：What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. （定语从句）4．巧用倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动，加强语气，使评卷老师感受作者的强烈情感。如以下几个句子：（倒装句）Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.（感叹句）I thought, “How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.” 5．巧用排山倒海句式。如能运用一个个排比句、对偶句、不定式或短语，可令文章增色不少，给评卷员眼前一亮的感觉。如：The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
⑦ 高考英语写作中的热点话题有哪些
1.Traffic and Protecting Environment(交通与环保)
2015年11月，全国中东部地区17省市持续雾霾，陷入大范围的重度和严重污染。造成这一现象的主要原因是工厂排出的废气和汽车尾气等。绿色低碳，保护环境，从我们身边小事做起。现请你根据以下三个方面的提示，以“Let’s Do Something to Save Our Environment”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。
内容包括：
1.重要性：只有一个地球。
2.主要问题：污染、疾病、灾难。
3.措施：停止污染、保护大自然。
Let’s Do Something to save Our Environment
We all live on the earth. The earth is our home. We have only one earth. We must take care of it. It gives us the best environment. If we harm it, it will be angry. And then we will have a terrible end. There are three problems in our earth, they are pollution, disaster and illness.
It’s our ty to protect our environment. So we must plant more trees, protect the flowers and the trees, save energy, rece the pollution. We should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.
Protecting the nature is very important. It’s our ty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.
2、The Popular Science Knowledge and Science Technology(科普知识与科学技术)
历史上有很多发明，起着很重要的作用，其中一些改变了世界。依你之见，什么是最重要的发明，并说明原因，也就是它起的作用(不少于三点)。80词左右。
The Most Helpful Invention
There are a lot of inventions in the history. Some of them play an important role in people’s life and some have greatly changed the world. In my opinion, I think the most important invention is the car. First, people used to travel by train or by plane. But now, they can go any place by car. Second, when holiday comes, they can visit their family and friends by car. Third, they can also go to many places of interest to enjoy themselves.
In a word, I do agree that cars are the most important invention.
3 、The Environment around You(周围的环境)
生活在社区里的孩子们生活单调：几乎不认识周围的邻居，没有兄弟姐妹。 社区负责人黄叔叔注意到这个问题，于是向大家征集解决问题的建设性意见。假如你是Li Ping, 请你写一篇80词左右的邮件向他提出你自己的建议。
内容包括：
1.吸引孩子们参加上文提到的社区青年俱乐部并参加其组织的活动。
2.给孩子们提供一个娱乐交流的地方。
3.组织社区里的孩子参加清洁本小区的公益劳动
Dear Uncle Huang,
Thank you for reading my e-mail! I am living in this community. I don’t have any sister or brothers. I also have no friends here. Luckily, you want to help us. Here are my suggestions.
First, we can organize the children in this community to clean up our neighborhood. Through this activity, we can know each other and make new friends.
Second, I hope we can be offered a room to do homework, and then we can help and learn from each other.
Third, I think we can ask children to join our Youth Club. We can take part in a lot of interesting activities, such as holiday camps and discos, regular visit to the old people, evening parties and concerts. Our life will be fun and colourful.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Pin
4、 Relationship and Emotional Attitude(人际关系和情感态度)
现在社会普遍对90后有一些误解，认为他们自私、无礼，所以不能很好地与人沟通，那么，作为一名90后学生，你又是怎么看待这个问题的呢? 请结合你自己和周围同学的表现，分别列举至少三条优点和两条不足之处进行描述。
As students born after 1990, we have so many advantages. We are usually kind and helpful. When someone is in trouble, we always give him or her a hand. We are also active. We like to do sports and go traveling. Most of us can work hard in class and play happily after school. Besides, we are imaginative and creative. We always try something new and do everything differently.
On the other hand, we also have some disadvantages. Sometimes we can’t express our opinions in proper ways; sometimes we are a little over confident. And many students have no brothers or sisters, so they may do evthing for themselves. These problems may make us seem impolite, even we can’t communicate with others well. So it’s the most important for us to learn how to get on well with others.
5 、Interest and Hobby(兴趣与爱好)
很多学校根据学生的爱好和兴趣开展了许多有益的课外活动，请你根据以下提示，写一篇不少于80字的短文。
内容包括：
1.列举你们学校开展的三项课外活动。
2.介绍你对哪些活动感兴趣，并说明原因，这些活动给你带来的益处。3.为同学如何选择课外活动提出两个建议。
4.鼓励同学们积极参加学校课外活动。
Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in schools. We also have many kinds of after-class activities in our school, such as English corner, playing basketball and swimming. I am interested in the English corner, because it can help me make some new friends there. If you also want to take part in after-class activities, I have some suggestions. You had better choose the activities which are good for you; you had better choose what you like.
Dear friends, please take part in after-class activities. I’m sure you will learn a lot and you will find it very interesting at the same time. Your school life will be colorful.
6 、Something Personal(个人情况)
你有没有发现你的家人或你身边的朋友也发生了变化?请你写一篇文章介绍你的一位家人或朋友这几年来的变化，包括外形、性格、喜好、生活方式等几个方面的变化。80词左右。
People sure change! My best friend, Mary has changed a lot in the last few years. She used to be fat but now she is thin. She used to have short hair but now she grows it long. She used to be really quiet but now she is outgoing. She used to spend a lot of time playing computer games, but now she has to study all day. She used to do morning exercises and some other activities every day, but now she is used to studying all the time and spend little time on her hobbies. In the evening, she used to watch TV with her family, but now she must go to bed early, because she has to get up early in the morning to read the text books.
Time goes by, it’s amazing how she’s changed and she is never a child.
7、Rece Pressure(减压)
假设你们班要在下星期一举行题为“The Ways for Students to Relax”的班会，请结合报道的内容。用英语写一篇80字左右的发言材料。
内容包括：
1.简要介绍造成现在学生学习压力大的原因。2.你认为来自于English Online调查结果的放松方式是否有效，为什么?
3.谈谈你个人自我放松的有效做法(至少三点)。
Dear fellows,
Not only alts but also we students often feel stressed because we have too much homework to do, and we are very busy studying every day, we don’t have our own time to do what we are interested in. We are very tired and sleepy all day, so we should learn to deal with it. What should we do to relax?
From the result of the survey, I think doing sports with classmates is a good way to relax. Because it’s good for our health and it can make us relaxed.
I also have three ways to relax ourselues. First, we can listen to music. Second, we can go to the movies with our parents on weekends. Don’t study at home all the weekend. Third, when we feel tired, we can think about something interesting.
I hope my suggestions can help you.
Thanks!
8、Family, Friends and the People around You(家庭、朋友与周围的人)
假设你们班级即将召开以“感恩”为主题的班会，要求向大家介绍一下你最想向谁表达感恩之情，他或她为你做了什么，你又将怎样回报他或她的付出。请结合上文内容，以“Thank you, my…”为题写一篇发言稿。
要求：
1.句子通顺，语意连贯。
2.包括所有提示内容。
3.不少于80词。
Thank You, My Mother
Wherever we are today, whatever we are, we owe it to our parents who have given and taught us so much, so we should thank them, especially, thank our mother. I think my mother is one of the best mothers in the world.
She is the busiest one in my family. She does chores for the family and cares about my study. She has taught me a lot. She does lots of things for me. But she never wants anythings in return.
How will I show my thanks to my mother? First, this year, I am going to give her a surprise birthday party and buy her a special present. Second, I’ll do well in school. Third, I’ll help her do housework when I’m free. I want to make her happy. In a word, I love my mother.
9、Shopping(购物)
人们的生活节奏越来越快，网上购物已经成为了大众生活中不可缺少的一部分。
请你用Shopping Online为题写一篇文章，说说你的看法：人们为什么喜欢网上购物，网上购物有哪些优点和缺点。 (80词左右。)
Shopping Online
Today, people are busy with their work and study and have little time to go shopping. So shopping online has become an important part in their lives. It is convenient and we can save much time. Besides, with all the traffic problems in cities, going shopping is not an easy thing. Just sit at a computer, click and choose, you can find all kinds of different things online. You can also compare with the prices. So you can buy something you like but not expensive.
However, shopping online can bring you some trouble. Sometimes, you will find that the things you get are different from those you can see online. And, the quality of the things are not so good. Even, you will be cheated by others.
So we should be careful to shop online.
10、Plans and Wishes(计划与愿望)
热门话题——“中国梦”最近，你们班召开了以“我的中国梦”为主题的班会活动，每位同学都畅谈了自己对中国梦的理解。请写一篇日记，记述班会情况及自己的感受。
内容要点：
1.谈谈自己的梦想。
2.为什么有这个梦想。
3.如何实现自己的梦想。
Everyone talked about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. My dream is to be a doctor. Let me tell you why I have this dream? When I was in Grade Seven, I was sick and often went to see doctors. The doctors were very friendly to me and they often cheered me up. With the help of them, I was getting better. Now I’m very healthy. Since then I have hoped to become a doctor.
How will I make my dream come true? I will study hard to get good grades. I’ll read more books about medicine. I believe I’ll be a good doctor in the future.
⑧ 在高考英语写作中使用如隐喻的修辞手法进行写作会出问题吗
你好，我是英语专业的学生，建议你在高考写作中不要用隐喻。首先，在高版考中写作尽量用自己有权把握的，其次，隐喻手法如果改卷老师看得不仔细的话很容易判错的，还是最好用明喻吧像like,as，这样很容易辨别，就不会出现老师看不懂或误判的情况，因为高考改卷是大量的短时间内的，所以很多改卷老师是在几秒种判断这篇文章的分数的。最好别用哈。
⑨ I am look foreward to your reply 对还是错错的话，在高考英语作文中扣几分正确的回句子是
正确的回句子是I am looking forward to your reply. 在高考英语作文中扣1分