⑴ 英文论文写作中常犯的错误有哪些求列举一些,看看我有没有犯
一、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,专句子的含义可能引起属变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解。
二、不一致(Disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等。
三、悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。
四、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。
五、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。
⑵ 英语写作要注意的几种情况:常见的10个句子错误
Incomplete Sentence - Sentence Fragment
句子不完整——残缺句
One common mistake many students make is the use of incomplete sentences. Each sentence in English must contain at least a subject and a verb, and should be an independent clause. Examples of incomplete sentences without a subject or a verb might include an instruction or a prepositional phrase.
许多学生都会犯一个常见的错误,就是写出来的句子不完整。英语中,每个句子都必须至少有一个主语,一个动词,并单独成句。没有主语或动词的残缺句子可能就只有表示指令的句子或者介词短语了。
For example:
例如:
Through the door.
穿过大门。
In the other room.
在另一个房间。
Over there.
在那里。
These are phrases we may use in spoken English, but that should not be used in written English as they are incomplete.
在英语口语中,你可能会用到这些短语,但是因为它们毕竟不是完整的英语句子,所以在书面语言中,我们一般不会使用。
Sentence fragments caused by dependent clauses used without an independent clause are more common. Remember that subordinating conjunctions introce dependent clauses. In other words, if you use a subordinating clause beginning with a word such as 'because, though, if, etc.' there must be an independent clause to complete the thought. This mistake is often made on tests asking a question with 'Why'.
由于缺乏独立分句的从属子句导致的句子残缺很常见。记住,从属连词引出了从属子句。也就是说,如果你用一些词语来引出从句,例如because,though,if等等,就必须要有一个独立分句来使句子完整。我们在考试中,使用why来提出问题时,经常会犯这样的错误。
For example, the sentences:
例如,下面这个句子:
Because Tom is the boss.
因为汤姆就是老板。
Since he left work early without permission.
自从他不经允许就早退。
We might answer the question: "Why did he lose his job?" However, these are sentence fragments. The correct answer would be:
我们可能会问:“他为什么丢掉工作?”但是,这些句子都是不完整的。正确用法应该是:
He lost his job because Tom is the boss.
因为汤姆就是老板,所以他丢掉了工作。
He lost his job since he left work early without permission.
他因为不经允许就早退而丢掉了工作。
Other examples of incomplete sentences introced by subordinating clauses include:
其他关于从属子句的残缺句还包括下面内容:
Even though he needs help.
虽然他需要帮助
If they study enough.
如果他们好好学习
As they had invested in the company.
因为他们投资了这家公司
Run-on Sentences
句子不连贯
Run-on sentences are sentences that:
不连贯句子指的是:
1) are not connected by appropriate linking language such as conjunctions
缺乏合适的连接词,例如连词。
2) use too many clauses rather than using periods and linking language such as conjunctive adverbs
使用过多的从句,而非句号和连接语,例如连接副词
The first type leaves out a word - usually a conjunction - that is required to connect a dependent and independent clause. For example:
第一种是漏掉了一个词——通常是连接词——用于连接非独立子句和独立子句。
The students did well on the test they didn't study very much.
学生们考得很好他们没有下多少功夫。
Anna needs a new car she spent the weekend visiting car dealerships.
安娜想买辆新车她整个周末都在约见代理商。
The first sentence should use either a conjunction 'but', or 'yet' or a subordinating conjunction 'although, even though, or though' to connect the sentence. In the second sentence, the conjunction 'so' or the subordinating conjunction 'since, as, or because' would connect the two clauses.
第一句话要么应该加上一个连词but,要么加上yet,或者一个从属连词although, even though或though来连接前后两句。
The students did well, yet they didn't study very much.
学生们考得很好,但他们并没有下多少功夫。
Anna spent the weekend visiting car dealerships since she needs a new car.
因为想买辆新车,安娜整个周末都在约见代理商。
Another common run on sentence occurs when using too many clauses. This often occurs using the word 'and'.
另一种句子不连贯发生在使用太多从句的时候。常常是由于and一词导致。
We went to the store and bought some fruit, and we went to the mall to get some clothes, and we had lunch at McDonald's, and we visited some friends.
我们去商店买了一些水果,去购物商城买了一些衣服,在麦当劳吃的午饭,又见了一些朋友。
The continuous chain of clauses using 'and' should be avoided. In general, do not write sentences that contain more than three clauses to ensure that your sentences do not become run-on sentences.
我们应该避免使用and来连接一大串的从句。一般来说,从句不要超过三个,以确保句子的连贯性。
Duplicate Subjects
两个主语
Sometimes students use a pronoun as a plicate subject.
有时候,学生们会将代词作为第二个主语。
Remember that each clause takes only one sentence. If you have mentioned the subject of a sentence by name, there is no need to repeat with a pronoun.
记住,每个从句只需要一句话。如果之前你已经提到主语的名字,就不需要再用代词重复了。
Example 1:
例一:
Tom lives in Los Angeles.
汤姆住在洛杉矶。
NOT
而不是
Tom, he lives in Lost Angeles.
汤姆,他住在旧金山。
Example 2:
例二:
The students come from Vietnam.
学生们来自越南。
NOT
而不是
The students they come from Vietnam.
学生们他们来自越南。
Incorrect Tense
时态错误
Tense usage is a common mistake in student writing. Make sure that the tense used corresponds to the situation. In other words, if you are speaking about something that happened in the past do not use include a tense that refers to the present. For example:
时态错误在学生写作中很常见。你要确保时态与事情发生的情况一致。也就是说,如果你要表达的是发生在过去的事,就不要使用现在时态。例如:
They fly to visit their parents in Toronto last week.
上周他们坐飞机去看望父母。
Alex bought a new car and drives it to her home in Los Angeles.
亚历克斯买了一辆新车,并把它开进了洛杉矶的家。
Incorrect Verb Form
动词形式错误
Another common mistake is the use of an incorrect verb form when combining with another verb. Certain verbs in English take the infinitive and others take the gerund (ing form).
另一个常见的错误就是在与其他动词连用时,动词形式的错误。英语中的动词既有不定式形式,又有动名词形式。
It's important to learn these verb combinations. Also, when using the verb as a noun, use the gerund form of the verb.
学习这些动词的连用很重要。当动词作为名词使用时,就要使用动名词形式。
He hopes finding a new job. / Correct -> He hopes to find a new job.
他想找一个新工作。
Peter avoided to invest in the project. / Correct -> Peter avoided investing in the project.
皮特没有在这个项目上投资。
Parallel Verb Form
动词复数形式
A related issue is the use of parallel verb forms when using a list of verbs. If you are writing in the present continuous tense, use the 'ing' form in your list. If you are using the present perfect, use the past participle, etc.
在使用多个动词时,有一个问题就是动词复数形式的使用。如果你是在用现在进行时进行写作,就应该使用动词ing形式。如果你使用的是现在完成时,就应该使用过去分词形式。
She enjoys watching TV, play tennis, and cook. / Correct -> She enjoys watching TV, playing tennis, and cooking.
她喜欢看电视,打网球和烹饪。
I've lived in Italy, working in Germany and study in New York. / Correct -> I've lived in Italy, worked in Germany, and studied in New York.
我住在意大利,在德国工作,在纽约读书。
Use of Time Clauses
时间从句的使用
Time clauses are introced by the time words 'when', 'before', 'after' and so on. When speaking about the present or future use the present simple tense in time clauses. If using a past tense, we usually use the past simple in a time clause.
时间从句由时间词语引导,例如when,before,after等等。当我们表达现在或将来的事时,可以使用一般现在时的时间从句。如果使用过去时态,通常会使用过去时的时间从句。
We'll visit you when we will come next week. / Correct -> We'll visit you when we come next week.
下周我们会来看你。
She cooked dinner after he was arriving. / Correct -> She cooked dinner after he arrived.
他到了之后,她才开始煮饭。
Subject - Verb Agreement
主谓一致
Another common mistake is to use incorrect subject - verb agreement. The most common of these mistakes is the missing 's' in the present simple tense. However, there are other types of mistakes. Always look for these mistakes in the helping verb.
另一个常见的错误就是主谓不一致。最常见的就是一般现在时中漏掉了-s。但是,还有其他类型的错误。这些错误常发生在助动词的使用上。
Tom play guitar in a band. / Correct -> Tom plays guitar in a band.
汤姆在乐队里是弹吉他的。
They was sleeping when she telephoned. / Correct -> They were sleeping when she telephoned.
他打电话过来时,他们都睡着了。
Pronoun Agreement
代词一致
Pronoun agreement mistakes take place when using a pronoun to replace a proper noun. Often this mistake is a mistake of use of a singular form rather than a plural or vice versa. However, pronoun agreement mistakes can occur in object or possessive pronouns, as well as in subject pronouns.
代词不一致发生在用代词来替代专有名词的情况下。通常是使用了单复数形式的错误使用。但是,代词不一致也会发生在宾语或物主代词,和主格代名词上。
Tom works at a company in Hamburg. He loves his job. / Correct -> Tom works at a company in Hamburg. He loves his job.
汤姆在汉堡一家公司工作。他热爱这份工作。
Andrea and Peter studied Russian at school. He thought they were very difficult.Correct -> Andrea and Peter studied Russian at school. They thought it was very difficult.
(正确)安德里亚和皮特在学校里学习了俄语。他们觉得俄语很难。
Missing Commas After Linking Language
连接语言后漏掉了逗号
When using an introctory phrase as linking language such as a conjunctive adverb or sequencing word, use a comma after the phrase to continue the sentence.
当我们使用介绍性短语,例如连接副词或表示顺序的词语,通常会在短语后面打上逗号来连接下文。
⑶ 中学生英语作文常见错误及对策,的背景怎么写
如果给了中文意思就逐句翻译,给了中文或英文关键词就自己编,有给表格或信息的就按这些写.题目中给出的一切信息都要在你的作文中表现出来.
单给一个题目就围绕题目自己联想,有些带问题或要求的一定要在你的作文中能找到题目所问问题的答案或满足题目中的要求.
总之题里所给的所有东西都不要漏掉就行了.
一定要有开头和结尾.这个自己可以多看一些英语短文,就会写开头结尾了.看课本上的课文就可以.特别是结尾一定要有总结句.比如写自己理想职业的作文,开头可以写"Everyone has a dream.Do you want to know my dream?",结尾可以写"So I have to study hard in order to be a engineer in the future.What's your dream?".
关于作文字数的问题,如果单是写了题目中给的信息一般字数肯定不够,这就得要你自己加东西.可以加从句感叹句之类的.形容词也可以多用.大概加一两个从句就行了.
最好在文章里用上一些自己知道的比较难的词组和句型,因为有的老师扣分狠,即使满篇没有语法错误也会因为语言太过平淡而不给你满分.
最后一定要检查语法有没有问题.一般的老师都会在语法错误上扣分.还有最好用一些不同的连词把全文贯穿起来.连词用得不合适或是缺少连词也都会扣分
⑷ 如何克服中学英语写作中容易犯的语法错误
主谓不一致,人称与动词不符。例如:
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
上面例句中,主语是My sister ,为第三人称,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式goes才正确,这种主谓不一致的错误在写作中是很常见的问题,稍一疏忽就会犯,考生需要更加细心才行。
句子成分残缺不全,语句不通。例如:
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
这是一个定语从句的例句,其中which在从句中做的是主语,所以不能省略,一旦省略就会造成句子成分残缺,考试中大家在写完一句话时要记得读一遍看看通不通顺。
句子成分多余,累赘复杂。例如:
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
这一句的错误有点中式英语(课程)的味道,逐字逐句对应翻译,there is 放在这里,累赘而又繁琐。
希望能帮助到你,望采纳!
⑸ 英语写作中最易犯的10类错误,你有几个
1. 审题不清
如某一年的中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”,偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2. 拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3. 名词单复数问题
误:My father and my mother is all teacher.
正:My father and my mother are both teachers.
4. 缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成,如:“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:I'm tired.
误:I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
正:I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
误:The apples cheap. I'll take some.
正:The apples are cheap. I'll take some.
5. 缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,造成丢分现象。
误:Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
正:Because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
6. 代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可省略的,代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误之一。
误:I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.
正:My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.
7. 句子不完整
有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊,所以出现只写半句的现象,这也是造成失分的原因之一。
误:Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school.
(这段文章的第二句话没有动词,不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)
正:Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school.
8. 前后不一致
所谓不一致,包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等。
误:When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.
(one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
正:When one has knowledge , he can do what he wants to do.
9. 时态、人称和数的搭配错误
汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对英语来说,这些都至关重要。
误:When I get to the station the train leave.
正:When I got to the station the train had left.
10. 综合性错误
综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等,以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累,所以考生应该从平时练习出发,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养。
⑹ 英语作文中常出现的语法错误有哪些
时态 三人称单数的变化 单词过去式,过去分词的变化 固定句型的用法(如:打电回话的固定模式……) 固定词组(答如:there be) 动名词作主语谓语动词用单数等的语法 还有like后面接动词的ing形式,would like+动原这些易混淆的地方……
⑺ 高中英语作文 主因 词汇量少 拼写经常出现错误 觉得语法枯燥无味 看
首先告诉你,语法一点也枯燥,也不难。之所以觉得枯燥和难可以给你举个简单例子你就会明白。
比如你站在一面满是雾气的玻璃窗后面看景色,那么任你多聪明,视力多么好,你就是看不清楚。这时你也许就怀疑自己不够聪明,视力不够好,而实际情况是因为有这层迷雾造成了你无法看清。那么一旦把这层迷雾擦除,你瞬间就会觉得世界清明起来,风景看的一清二楚,简单明了。
现在你应该明白了,之所以你觉得语法难,什么从句,主句,单句,复句,时态、非谓语,语气等你不理解,是因为有这层迷雾,传统的英语教育,不但无法擦除这层迷雾,反而描的更黑,教的糊涂,学的更加困惑。
老师照本宣科,没有讲透,学生并没有真正理解,就不得不死记硬背,即使死记硬背记住了,也不能算真正掌握而能灵活运用。
语法也无需死记硬背的。语法对于自己母语的人似乎不存在。因为母语自己天天用,而且自小而大,父母老师不断教和纠正,自然内化了你正确的语言结构和顺序。
但是对于非母语语言,你没有那么多练习,不是天天说,也不是每天花很多小时练习,更重要的是没有老师和家长不断的帮你纠正和教你讲话,导致你不可能像母语一样内生这门语言的正确的语序和结构。但是为了高效的掌握一门语言,这时就需要先学习这门语言的语法了。
那么什么是语法呢?
语法是语言的法则、语言的精华、语言规律的高度凝缩。
语法并不枯燥,枯燥的是没有理解语法的本质,而去死记硬背。没有真正的理解,也就无法灵活正确的应用。 语法学的稀里糊涂,用的稀里糊涂,自然就觉得枯燥乏味。
整个小学、初中、高中、甚至大学阶段的语法学习,也就数十节课就可以系统透彻的学完,但是传统教育却折磨了学子们数十年,却越学越糊涂。
推荐华东理工大学的《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》这本书,该书是国内第一本系统讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书,是第一本从语言原理层面完整系统的呈现英语语法全貌和完整框架体系的书。
也可以学习同名视频课程http://study.163.com/u/englishthinking,短平快,十节课真正理解英语语法,适合那些英语语法混乱毫无章法同学,也适合那些英语还不错,但是没学透无体系遭遇瓶颈无法突破的同学,看完后,对英语的理解有脱胎换骨之感。
建立了英语语法的整体框架结构,理解了英语语法所蕴含的思维内涵后,你就不会再觉得语法乏味。
学透语法之后的英语继续学习,就可以通过精看美剧进行词汇的学习,听、说、读、写的锻炼。
利用高效系统建立起来的语法知识体系后,可以欣赏美剧、阅读新闻,交友娱乐,快乐的享受英语给你带来的乐趣。
⑻ 英语写作中,有些常见的错误,其中一个常见的错误叫做“”,请问什么样的错误句子叫做接俳句谢谢
流水句;溶合句;不间断句子;缺乏连接词或标点符号的长句。
两个句子的连接必须用连词或者是分号,用逗号来连接两个句子只能是分句,不是主句。
⑼ 初中英语书面表达常见错误有哪些
1.时态误用
主要表现在两方面:1)学生写作之前没有判断整篇文章主要用哪种时态,常出现该用一般现在时的句子,用了一般过去时;而该用将来时的句子,用了完成时。2)时态构成表达错误。由于学生对各种时态掌握不好,常常将所学的各种时态混淆,以致出现如下的错误如,I‘m go to school by bike. He told some children that there are some places of interest in Beijing.
2. 汉语式英语
由于受汉语的影响,再加上对英语句子结构掌握不好,导致学常常按汉语的词序来翻译句子,在学生的作文中常常见到这样的句子: You can be bus. In china have different places of interest. In autumn is best season for traveling.
3. 逻辑错误
在做书面表达的过程中,有的学生一拿到考题慌慌张张开始写,在写作之前没有构思好先写什么后写什么,哪些内容应该详写,哪些内容应该略写,而是一边写一边构思,从而导致整个文章逻辑不清,层次感不强,整篇文章不知所云。
4.单词拼写错误
由于部分学生平时不注意记忆单词,基础知识掌握不牢固,所以在文章中常出现单词拼写错误如,September 写为 septber because 写为 beacause
5. 缺少衔接
有些学生虽然在词汇运用书面表达方面能够达到基本要求,但由于句子之间没有添加适当的衔接成分,使句子之间和文段之间缺乏必要的过渡和连贯,影响了信息的传递和表达效果。
6.文体不对
中学阶段要求学生掌握的文体主要有说明文、记叙文、议论文和应用文,其中应用文又包括通知、请假条、书信和电子邮件等,由于一些学忽视了各种体裁的写作特点,从而导致文章体裁格式不正确如:将写信的日期写在信末;写请假条不写署名等。