A. 2018年华南师范大学考博英语作文题目或内容是什么
2018年西南大学博士入学英语考试已经于3月10日上午结束。根据参加考试的考生的回忆内，本年度西南大学考博英容语作文为二篇作文，大小作文均为图表作文。
其作文题目为：关于教育的公平性的讨论。
作文字数要求为：300字左右。
由于所有内容由考生提供，因此与正式的考题有所出入，但基本相差不大。现由华慧考博为各位考生整理公布，以供将来的博士生考生们复习参考！
B. 考博英语作文有什么写作技巧
考博英语的作文基本上都是论述性的话题 ，给出一个观点让考生发表评论，一回般都是3段或者答5点式。第一段：提出观点，接下来，分若干段从各个方面进行阐述；最后一段重述观点。这种吃提方式很适合通过模板的方法加以掌握，通过阅读大量范文，从中提炼出适合自己的风格，包括的模板开头。问题的提出。观点阐述的起。转、承等语句；模板总结出来，考试时只要只要结合具体的事类加以填充即可，博宸考博英语辅导为你提供更多的考博英语复习方法。
C. 2018年考博英语作文该如何写
挺准的，去年就压中的了好几篇作文话题
D. 西安交通大学2018年博士招生考试英语作文考的什么
2018年西安交通大学博复士入学英制语考试已经于3月中下旬结束。根据参加考试的考生的回忆，本年度西安交通大学考博英语作文为二篇作文，大小作文均为图表作文。
其作文题目为：支持传统艺术，政府为什么要支持，怎么支持?
作文字数要求为：300字左右。
由于所有内容由考生提供，因此与正式的考题有所出入，但基本相差不大。现由华慧考博为各位考生整理公布，以供将来的博士生考生们复习参考！
E. 2018年上海交通大学考博英语作文题目是什么
2018年上海交通大学博士入学英语考试已经于3月10日上午结束。根据参加考试的考生的回回忆，本年度答上海交通大学考博英语作文为一篇大作文。
其大作文题目为：大学是硬件重要还是有名学者重要？
作文涉及内容为：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should spend more money in improving facilities (e.g. libraries and computer labs) than hiring famous teachers.
作文字数要求为：300字左右。
由于所有内容由考生提供，因此与正式的考题有所出入，但基本相差不大。现由华慧考博为各位考生整理公布，以供将来的博士生考生们复习参考！
F. 西南大学2018年博士招生考试英语作文考了什么
2018年西南大学博士入抄学英语考试已经于3月10日上午结束。根据参加考试的考生的回忆，本年度西南大学考博英语作文为二篇作文，大小作文均为图表作文。
其作文题目为：关于教育的公平性的讨论。
作文字数要求为：300字左右。
由于所有内容由考生提供，因此与正式的考题有所出入，但基本相差不大。现由华慧考博为各位考生整理公布，以供将来的博士生考生们复习参考！
G. 在职博士考试英语写作应该怎么写
不管你是考本、考研还是考博，你都需要过英语这一关。对于离开院校多年的在职博士报考者来讲，英语作文是一个难点。很多硕士研究生毕业以后就没有从事英语方面的工作，因此也没有接触英语，从新将英语拾起来也确实有一定的难度，因此考生在平时的生活中更要多看、多写、多读，这样才能更快的提高自己的英语水平。下面便是在职研究生网给考生总结的考博英语作文范文，希望给考生带来一定的帮助。
一、Criticism on Television
A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.
For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.
The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.
A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an alt character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.
In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.
二、Human Ecation
The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane ecation resulted in a crisis of cultural ecation.
With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane ecation.
It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane ecation of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist ecation. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get ecated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.
To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane ecation. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane ecation and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.
三、Public Transportation
As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.
There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time e to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities ring weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.
There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.
The third step to take is to introce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.
四、he Rise of Intellectual Property Protection
Intellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and ecation of graate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.
Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in proct development and manufacturing of procts from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.
Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.
其实不管我们做什么事情都会遇到一些困难，如果你以良好的心态去应对这些难题，这些难题对你来讲也已经不是什么难题。因此在职考博人员更要乐观面对考试，积极备考，顺利通过考试。
H. 考博英语考试写作部分的Summarize题型出自什么考试，有什么书籍可以参考
如何写英语摘要summary
下文是对《英语写作手册》相关章节的翻译
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。
第一步：阅读
A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作
A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”
可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”
可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”
可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them ring the winter vocation.”
可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read ring the vocation.”
8） 使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”
可以用第三人称概括为：
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could rece the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
第三步：修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。
经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。
批注：网络上有关摘要写作的资源不胜枚举，但是不一定都切合大家的需求，我这里提供一些比较好的摘要写作链接，希望对大家的练习有所帮助。我也欢迎大家把写好的summary和原文一起发到这里来(作为评论提交到这里来)，我会帮助大家考究细节问题。
雅思技巧:Summary解题指导
20天口语写作由5.5到7分经验分享 雅思口语1月提高1分 不过退款
填空题之Summary一直以来都是几家欢喜几家愁的题型，不像是非无和段落标题匹配题相对简单，选择题和其它匹配题相对棘手费时，而Summary有些考生很擅长，另一部分却见到它就范愁，最主要的问题是它们都觉得这种题不好定位。我们不妨先了解一下Summary题的相关知识及解题步骤和技巧，也许你会豁然开朗的。
首先，Summary 的题型特点：通常有序及大量的同义转换。有序的特点意味着考生在解题的时候，只要先突破其中的任何一题（通常是考生已经熟知内容的题或有特殊印刷体的题，否则最好从第一题突破。）即可，不必把它当做一个整体，否则就会有“狗咬刺猬无从下口”的感觉。同义转换在填空题中出现的频率最高，而且非常密集，形式各异。所以考生在答题的时候一定要时刻留意同义转换，否则就会出现对重要信息没感觉的状况，就会定位不到。例如，剑4“Lost for Words”后面的填空第1题：This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical isolation .考生如果注意同义转换，就不会对第3段首句中的linguistic diversity 没反应。
其次，Summary 的解题步骤：1. 读题，留意要求；2.整体浏览所有问题（做到对要回答的问题心中有数，而且，有些问题可能之前已经碰到过。）,决定突破口；3. “吃透”要解的第1题的题干，确定关键词；4.带上同义转换，去原文定位关键词；5.分析定位句，结合空前后的信息产出答案。对剩下的题按顺序以同样的步骤解题就行了。在解题步骤中，一定要注意一步一个脚印，一次抓住要领，切勿反复磨蹭。
最后，答题注意事项：1.读题：1）关注是否给出定位；2） 注意答题方式及字数限制。2. 解题：1）时刻留意同义转换；2）高度重视空前后的信息，包括a,an,the 及不惹眼的介词，短语等等；有些考生没多大词汇量，但他们能借助这些信息解出部分题。3）适当参考语法，包括词性，单复数。有这样一道题：Fewer __________ are emitted. 原文是：One possibility relates to the ATP making machinery’s emission of free radicals..根据同义转换，我们容易判断这个句子是我们要的句子，但是如果不注意语法，很可能会填ATP making machinery，而答案是free radicals。
总之，对付summary题，最最关键的就是：一定要“吃透”题干，确定关键词，而不是胡乱的圈几个词就去原文定位，其次，一定要确保定位句的大意和问题句的大意是一致的，这是答对题的前提；最后一定要注意同义转换，否则会定位不到或产出错误答案。
英文写作的根本-summary
写好summary,是英文写作的基础和根本。我之前说的brainstorming, outlining都只是方法。你如果去国外上语言班，写作的第二、三堂课就会是summary（概述）。写academic paper（学术论文）的时候，summary也是关键。
写summary之前，首要做的就是阅读。 读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，推荐用highlighter（荧光笔）突出重点。 读熟后，把文章过一遍，把文章中的细节，举例，描述等略过。 写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨，我觉得相当于小学时语文老师强调的中心思想。看看，小学语文还是有用滴。 写概述的时候，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句。接着写出你要阐述的main ideas(主要观点）和supporting points(对主要观点的支持）。注意概述的coherence(连贯性），运用好transition words(过度词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 概述写好后，问自己几个问题？你是否把自己的观点强行添加给作者？你的概述长度超过原文章的1/4么？（概述就是简要叙述，没必要象老太婆的裹脚布），你是否大面积的照搬原作者的用词，用句？（不是作者用的词就是好的，英文中能表述同一意思的词语多了去了） 最后检查一遍，确保文中没有语病，没有语法错误和拼写错误。
主题： 怎样写summary
摘要（summary）是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。
摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题（the maintheme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。
2）弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。