1. 初一下学期英语作文3篇
My Family
This is a picture of my family.Look,the man is my father.The young
woman is my mother and the handsome boy is my little brother.Who is the girl?It's me.My father is a doctor.He work in a big hospital.My mother is a housewife.She do housework and cook meals everyday for me.And I am 13 years old this year.I am a student.I often do housework with my mother on weekend.And my little brother is 5 years old.He is very cute !!I like him very much.
So,we are happy family!
译文：
这是一张我家的全家福。看，那个男人是我的爸爸。那个年轻的女人是我的妈妈。还有那个英俊的小男孩是我的弟弟。谁是那个女孩呐？哦。那是我。我爸爸是位医生。他在一家大医院里面工作。我的妈妈是个家庭主妇。她每天为我们做家务和煮饭。我今年13岁了。我是个学生。我经常在周末帮我妈妈做家务。我的弟弟今年5岁了。他非常可爱！我非常喜欢她。
所以，我们的家庭是个非常快乐的家庭。
My Pet
I like animals,so I keep a cat as a pet.He is black white.He is very lovely.Every morning when it is time to get up,he sits in front of my bed and "Mew,mew".And then I am waken up.He is just like a alarm clock.And in the afternoon when it is time I get home from school,he just stands at the door to wait for me.This a special cat,he is a good friend more than an animal.
watermelon
watermelon is many people's favorite. it is sweet and it has a lot of water. watermelon has two colors, green outside and red inside. people usually have watermelons in summer. but nowadays we can eat watermelon every season in the year.
西瓜
西瓜是很多人喜欢的食物。它很甜而且水量多。西瓜的颜色，外面是绿的里面是红的。人们以往通常在夏天才吃西瓜，但现在一年的每个季节我们都可以吃到西瓜了。
I feel so happy when I am doing sports
Every one has his own way of rest.
Maybe the most popular way is doing a lot of sports.
I like doing sports very much.It helps me to be strong.
I like swimming.
So does my sister.
We often go swimming once a week in summer.
I think swim is very interesting.
The water is clean and not very cold.
While swimming, I feel I am flying in the sky!My sister likes to do sports outside,so swim is her favorite sport.
Swim is good for us,for we must exercise our arms and legs when swim. swimming once a week keeps doctor away.
How about you?What kind of sports do you like?
四个了
2. 初一下半学期英语期末作文
应该以过去时态为主，因为我回都考完答了
I had a holiday last summer. I went to London with my parents.London was a big city.We got there by plane.It took me about 9 hours.I took a taxi to our hotel.And I went to Hyde Park with my parents at fIrst,and I took lots of photos.Then,I visited British Museum.I saw many old things in the museum.I also saw Big Ben.Finally,we went swimming a lot.We spent two days there.
It was a short holiday,but it was also a great holday
3. 初一下学期英语作文 30篇 人教版
1.Traveling to Dalian
Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then we'll show him around the city.We'll go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then we'll visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house ring the holiday.I hope we'll have a good time.
2.My Summer Plan
I am glad that summer holiday is approaching.I'll be able to enjoy and relax myselve,which is not easy for me,a pre-graated student.In order to have a meanningful holiday,I made a plan.First,I would like to do some housework at home.such as cleaning the room， the dishes,watering the flowers.Then I am going to do some exercises,including ball games,running.Finally,I want to work at my study.I'll go over my lessons and pratise my English.
3. .Traveling to Dalian
Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then we'll show him around the city.We'll go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then we'll visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house ring the holiday.I hope we'll have a good time.
4.It was the first day of our winter holiday. All of us were very happy. Why? Because we have one months to do things we love to do. We are free. Although we have some homework. But we can finish them in several days. And the rest time we can make good use of. My god! We have been very tired after hard studying. In winter holidays, I want to have full sleep and eat good food in order to replenish myself. Last but not the least, I will have a good rest.
5.It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.
6.It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother’s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother’s company. I sat in my mother’s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother’s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can’t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time.
7.It is a special day today. My mother sent one hundred basket of red bayberries. I like to eat red bayberries. It tastes nice. When they arrived in Shanghai, they were still fresh. But most of them would be sent to my mother’s business friends. I chose the best basket of red bayberries to eat. I put the rest in my refrigerator. Red bayberry is my hometown’s special proct. It is well-known in china. Many people like to eat it.
8.Today, I still went to my mother’s office. My mother was very busy, so was my father. They always live in Beijing. They must get up early. Because they will manage the factory. So I know they are very laborious. So I should save my money. Also I should help them. Although I can’t do something useful, but I think I should share the work with them. I am one of my family member. In the future, I will take a job and work. It’ time for me to begin to learn how to work.
4. 初一下学期英语作文
1.my house
I have a big house.It beatiful.There is a living room and two big bedroom .one is mine .There is a bed in my bedroom .and there is a desk and a chair in my room.There is a tidy bear on my bed .I like my house very much
2.my family
There are four people in my family,my parents,my bother and I.My family is pretty good. I’m really happy.
My brother is shy and funny. He is good at sports and does well in volleyball.But he hates studying and his grades are bad. He like telling jokes. He always plays jokes on his friends and my family, and always makes us laugh.
My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital of Sanya. He doesn’t like watching TV, but he likes reading newspaper and read it every night.
My mother is a waitress. She works in a restaurant. She has good habits. She likes eating vegetables and drinking milk every day. But I don’t like milk. It is awful. She likes watching Beijing Opera at free time. She says it’s good for her to keep young and it can make her relaxed.
My families are always doing what is best for me.They are always on my side.
I love each person in my family. I love my sweet warm home.
3.my shool life
i go to school at 7 every morning. when i get to school, i have to do the cleaning with my classmates. and after that i have 4 lessons in the morning and 2 lessons in the afternoon. the school is over at about 4:30.
my favourite teacher is my science teacher. because he never scolds us. and of course my favourite subject is also science.
my maths is just a mess. i can't understand what the teacher is talking about. i don't know how to solve this problem.
anyway, i enjoy my school life
楼主,一定要给我分哦
5. 初一下学期的英语作文帮帮忙！！！写两篇，一篇是下面哪个，另一篇是陈老师要上英语公开课请同学们做好准
I am ten years old now, I am in a primary school, in my class, I have many friends. My friends and I get along with each other well, they will help me when I am in trouble. When the activity race comes, my class gets united and fight for the first place, I am so proud of my class, I have so many happy memories.
6. 初一下学期英语作文范文
I always feel tired after eight classes a day, so my dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We can choose our favorite lessons to learn. We can spend more time doing some outside reading. The students do after-school activities for one and a half hours every day. We needn’ do a lot of homework. We are all happy to stay at school.
Besides that, my dream school looks like a big garden. There are many kinds of flowers around the modern buildings. Sweet perfumes are diffused all around. If I want to have a rest, I can lie on the grass, listen to music by the lake or look out at the flowers from the classroom windows.
The teachers here are kind and helpful. They are not only our teachers but also our good friends. The students are polite and friendly. We all know how to keep our school clean and tidy. There is no litter around the campus.
I love my dream school. We will grow up to be happier there
7. 英语初一下学期作文
1.spring festival
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
2.my friend
I have many good friends,Lily is one of the best.We play together since we two were very young. She is such a pretty girl that when people meet her,they always pat her little head and say,"Oh,how lovely!"Lily is also very brave.I remember one evening two weeks ago,mom sent me to buy some salt and sugar downstair.When I was back on the darksome stairway,I suddenly saw a black shadow behind me,was that a ghost?I was so frightened that I cried "God!"At that very moment,Lily come,she rush at the shadow and shouted to it loudly till it disappeared,then we ran home safely...
Maybe you have already get it,yes,Lily is my dog,--my best friend,I love her.
3.my houseing estate
We have just moved into a new flat， most people here living in their houses in the suburbs. Our house is big though it consists only two floors.
On the first floor there is the dining room， the lounge or sitting room， the kitchen and the hall. In the hall we set a stand for hats， coats and umbrellas. A staircase leads from the hall to the landing on the second floor； On this floor there are four bedrooms， a bathroom and a lavatory.
In front of the house we have a small garden in which we grow flowers： roses，tulips and some fruit trees. Thereis also a vegetable garden where we grow all kinds of vegetables， such as cabbages， cauliflowers， and tomatoes. We all know how to plant vegetables for my father was once a vegetable grower.
你还可以稍微改一下，我只能帮你这么多了。
8. 如何有效指导初中生英语写作
一、词不离句日积月累
文章是由句子组成的，而句子是由词组成的，如果学生掌握了造句的技巧，把句子组成短文，写作的难度就会降低了。所以本着“词不离句”的原则，教师可在日常教学中不断对学生进行造句训练。比如每完成一新课的教学就让学生用新单词口头造句，熟悉新单词的词性及用法，如学习teach--IteachyouEnglish./Heteachesusmaths.课后再让学生把Usefulexpressions每个造两个句子写在作业本上，这样日积月累、熟能生巧，学生不仅巩固了所学词汇，掌握了它们的用法，也对英汉句子结构的差异有所感悟和了解，这就为写作打下了坚实的基础。
二、口头领先活跃思维
写作有持续性的特点，要多练才能生巧，可师生的时间都有限，怎么解决这一问题？群口作文无疑是不错的选择。教师可在授课过程中尽可能多地创造机会让学生口头练习表达一个话题，让学生做到“句不离文”。
口头作文训练形式有很多，如：课前值日报告、轮流讲故事、话题讨论、看图说话、英语角等等，教师可根据实际情况选择使用。
我是这样训练学生进行话题讨论的。如初一上学期学习对人物的介绍，我让一个学生站起来，让大家自由发问以了解她/他的基本情况，如“Howoldareyou?Howtallareyou?What’syourfavouritecolour?What’syourfavouritefood?Doyoulikesports?Whatdoyouoftendoafterclass??”我把这些基本信息板书在黑板左侧，再让大家以“MyBestFriend”为题对此学生进行描述，先让学生分四人小组讨论我们所学的哪些句子能用上，再找部分学生每人说一句，把大家所说组织成短文板书在黑板上，最后在用词、句式、语法等方面加以指导，周末让学生描写自己的好友时，他们就驾轻就熟了。再如初一下学期学习有关节日的话题时，我给出一个题目“MyFavouriteFestival”,围绕这个题目我给出四个节日，如：theSpringFestival,Christmas,theChildren’sDay,theMid-autumnDay，让四个大组每组讨论描述其中的一个节日，还是采用四人小组合作学习法，然后要求他们在课后写成短文，最后张贴在“WritingGuard”,让他们互相学习借鉴。
根据教学需要还可对学生适当进行扩展训练。如Lesson49ofBook1学习季节的描述时，我展示winter和spring的图片，从问天气入手，引导学生尝试描述这两幅图，描述的过程中教学生学习月份的单词，最后要求学生把刚才所说的串成短文。
eg.winterNowit'swinter.Therearethreemonthsinwinter.TheyareDecember,JanuaryandFebruary...TheSpringFestivalisinwinter.Wecanhavefun.
这样让一个、多个或全班学生参与口头表达一个内容，采用合作学习法，发动学生集思广义，激发学生的参与意识和创造意识，即训练了学生的听说能力，又活跃了学生的写作思维，增强了他们的写作兴趣，培养了他们的写作信心。
三、例文导析心领神会
请大家回忆一下，我们小时候初学写语文作文时，是不是一个模仿的过程？老师告知我们：多读多练，就可提高。英语和汉语都是语言，语言的学习是相通的，英语初学阶段作文练习也是一个模仿的过程，学生需要教师给他们展示一些范文，教给他们一些写作的基本方法，引导他们学会如何思考，如何表述，这样他们才知道如何入手，才对自己去写作有信心。鉴于此，在平时练习中，我们可把一些课文、练习题中的完形填空和阅读理解的部分有代表性的文章当作文范文让学生分析，分析文章的主题、描述的顺序、段落的划分、采用的时态、特殊句式的运用、过渡词的使用等，让他们观察总结别人是怎样描述组织的，跟教材内容相关的文章就让学生仿写。
若时间有限，可把一篇文章的顺序打乱，让学生加上适当的过渡词重新组织，以感受文章的连贯性。这样练下去学生就不再对写作有畏难情绪，写作对学生也不再是空中楼阁，而是有例可依，有文可仿，既提高了学生写作的积极性和准确性，也可让学生养成观察总结的良好习惯。
四、指导审题掌握技巧
除了让学生坚持写作练习，训练学生养成好的写作习惯也至关重要。首先要强调学生认真审题，初中英语作文的形式大致可分四类：看图作文、命题作文、材料作文、感想作文，读题后看这属于哪类作文，明确题目有那些要求，考虑如何开头、如何结尾、如何组织信息点、如何过渡，这是写好英语作文的关键。然后在平时口头练习的基础上，让学生掌握最基本的写作步骤和写作技巧。
1.写作步骤
第一步：认真审题，确定文体和时态，细读要点，清楚词数要求。
第二步：确定文章层次，要点描写全面，适当过渡，不要太过随意发挥。
第三步：先打草稿，通读修改后再抄写，字迹必须要工整。
2.写作技巧
学生认真审题后，常规情况要总体把握，要点描述要齐全，不能有遗漏；正确选择使用人称时态，逻辑要清楚；组词成句，语法要正确；组句成文，过渡要自然，要有条理有层次；遇到不会写或没学过的词，找学过的同义词代替，或者换个表达方式；训练学生适当使用从句。熟能生巧，只要我们坚持要求学生每次完成写作练习时都要按照这些写作技巧去做，学生的写作技巧就能提高。
初学一门外语，运用过程中错误是难免的，有些学生出的错是我们所料不及的，所以教师对学生的作文进行点评也很重要。学生交的作文我们要及时批阅并及时总结，表扬写得好的作文或句子，指出普遍存在的问题，并找出一些代表性的句子让学生改错，一减少类似错误的重复出现，随后展示好的作文和一些佳句，可装订成册也可在教室墙上开辟一个“优秀写作园地”，把写的好的作文张贴出来，让学生互相学习，不断改进。
总之，英语写作的训练是一个持久的循序渐进的过程，只有持之以恒才会成效显著。
9. 初一下学期所有的英语作文
英语作文 英语作文的基本要求：
首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A．按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
英语作文的书写格式
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如字母i，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的十笔连在量起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2．缩略词如Mr.，Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。
缩略的专用名词如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆开移行。
3．时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体；不能分开移行。如；
11：00P.M.应写在一行内，不能将11：00和P．M．分开移行；写38℃时，不能将36和C分开移行。
4．由“年、月、日”表示的日期，如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5．含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。