高中英语新课标下的写作教学设计

『壹』 请以高中英语新课程创新教学设计中创新教学材料的第四篇文章Big Fish, Big Adventure为教材设计一份阅读课

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『贰』 高一英语写作课教案中的教学目标怎么写

Teaching Aims
1.To get the students to appreciating remarks on friendship or friends.
2.To enable the students to write a short story about friends or friendships.
Teaching Proceres
Step 1 Discussion
Now, I found 500 pounds in Roy’s pocket. Did Roy steal the money from the charity? Someone says ‘yes’, someone says ‘no’. If Roy did steal the money from the charity, shall I tell the teacher or call the police? If Roy didn’t steal the money, what should I do?
Discuss it in groups of four .
Collect answers from students. Draw a conclusion; whether Roy stole the money or not, we help him all the same. Because we’re friends. Friends are the ones we can get help from and we can trust.
In this unit, we have talked a lot about friends and friendship, knowing the importance of friends. And what do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?List good qualities and bad qualities a friend may have.
Suggested answers:
Good qualities:
hospitable considerate enthusiastic friendly kind polite honest loyal brave positive optimistic smart intelligent modest generous determined responsible mature
Bad qualities:
dishonest unfriendly dishonest rude impolite selfish lazy careless pessimistic Brainstorming:
Step 2 Writing
Describe a problem you had with a friend and give advice on how to keep friends.
Suggested expressions:
close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to , considerate, warm hearted, honest,
一些有关友谊的名言警句如：
On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing.(---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship.(---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)

Sample:
Friendship is one of the most valuable relationship in our lives, it may even last through you whole life. I have a good friend. Sometimes I argue with my friend. For example, once we discussed a problem of our homework, as we held different ideas and wanted to persuade each other, we argued a lot. However, after we found the correct answer, the one that was wrong apologized at once. No matter how often we quarreled and what we quarreled for, we are good friends for ever.
My favourite proverb says ' friend are like stars, you don’t always see them, but you know they re always there.' Thats true, indeed friends are willing to help you all the time. When you are down ,friends raise you up with their hearts .When you lose your way, friends guide you and pull you to the right way. When you have sorrow to complain of, friends are always the best ears for you.
So please cherish your friends, because everyone of them is unique and precious. Getting along with friends is just like growing plants. We must use patience, trust, and honesty as fertilizer to make friendship stonger. And never forget ,plants need sunshine, so do friends. Often give them some warm and you will find your hearts are getting closer.
Friendship stands on both sides , so the more you give and the more you will get . Remember, the key is your sincere heart.
Step 3 Promotion and Homework
1)Assign another writing task based on the following information:
What do you think of a friend or friendship?
How to keep friendship?
2） Instruct the students to write and revise by themselves.
3) Let the students hand in their final copies.
4) Select some good samples to read to the whole class.
Suggested sample:
Friendship is the most important things in life. Good friend would like to help you when you met some troubles. Real good friends could put each other in their hearts. Real friendship is like the spring rivers flowing down the mountains, silently. Everybody is looking forward to meeting real friends.
How to find real friendship and keep it? I think it is like you planting a big tree. You should choose good seeds and take care of it to make it grow. Almost the same thoughts between each other is on base. Maybe fight also will happen. How to do? To make real friend, you don't be shy to explain your thoughts to the other. Try your best to keep friendship forever. It is necessary to tell the truth and respect each other.

教学实施过程：
针对学生这样的实际情况，并受任务型教学法启示“任务型教学理论实际上就是建立在讨论或交流教学思路的基础上的,是交流教学思路的一种发展形态,英语教学要以学生为中心,教师要为学生设计运用语言的环境,通过大量的交流活动总结和掌握语言的规律,并在交流活动中实践,从而达到目的.”我对每模块后的书面表达内容的教学作了调整，这样处理：即把写作课变成讨论和写作并存的活动课，并在活动课中备有相关的多媒体内容或音乐，使学生在真切愉快的情景中搜集写作素材，完成写作内容，最后达到激发学生写作兴趣，提高写作技能并促进其他几种技能的效果。具体教学过程如下：
第一步，确定题目后，教师启发学生思考，回忆写作中所需要的相关词汇，必要时通过多媒体展示相关内容，然后教师在黑板上进行总结或借助多媒体把关键词语呈现给学生.例如外研版教材Book6 Mole3 Interpersonal relationship___ Friendship,该模块的写作任务讲述朋友之间所产生的矛盾问题，并提出建议如何保持友谊：Describing a problem you had with a friend and giving advice on how to keep friends教师可先展示一些有关友谊或本班同学相处的图片、幻灯片、音乐等,以激发学生的学习兴趣。然后教师可引导学生说说自己的好朋友，尽可能用到本模块所学过的词汇：close, trust, chat, be on good terms, get on very well, keep in touch, get to know, personal matters, be similar to, considerate, warmhearted, honest, 等等。
第二步，分组讨论（均匀分配不同程度的学生），要求学生围绕写作话题借助有关词汇，人人动口，积极思维:1.Who is your good friend? 2. How do you become good friends? 3. Have you ever quarreled with each other? 4.What’s the problem? 5. Have you made up? 6. What should you do to keep your friendship? 等, 并让学生各抒己见,提供出不同的词语句型，如1.I’ve known him/her for ... 2.We first met six years ago...I remember meeting him/her for the first time 3.We have much in common. 4. I not only...but also... 5.I suggest that... 6.Why not...? 7.Can’t we ...? 8. What about...? 9. Friendship is both... and... 10. If we... , we can...等也可提供一些有关友谊的名言警句如：On friends and friendship:
A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (---Aristotle)
A friend in need is a friend indeed. (---Ray)
Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing. (---Benjamin Franklin)
A friend is a present which you give yourself. (---Robert Louis Stevenson)
Fate chooses your relatives, you choose your friends. (---Abbe Jacques Deille)
A faithful friend is the medicine of life. (---William Shakespeare)
The bird a nest, the spider a web, man friendship. (---William Blake)
We choose our friend by instinct, but we keep them by judgment. (---Alfred Capus)
Friendship is love without his wings. (---George Gordon Byron)
True friendship is a plant of slow growth.(---George Washington)
同时教师提醒学生在讨论中尽量使用正确的时态、语态并用英语交流。这一步也是学生英文写作收集写作素材的过程。教师可参考与到各个组中，帮助学生解决疑难问题，并根据不同的写作内容和各小组的实际水平适当给他们提供一些新的词汇，同时鼓励那些平时不善于言谈的学生开口交流和帮助基础较差的学生。通过不断的教学实践，我发现：在这种活动或情景之下，学生无拘无束，大胆热烈讨论，加之教师的指导，写作的素材自然获得不少。最后每组选一位代表执笔完成书面表达，并在时间允许内在全班朗读；
第三步，教师进行总结归纳： Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends. When in trouble, we need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. .Long live friendship! 同时再次强调写作中所需的时态、语态和学生写作过程中容易犯的错误等关键问题。而后要求学生课后完成各自的写作内容并上交作业。
第四步，作文评价是个意义重大的环节，可采用以下评价机制，包括学生自评→学生互评→教师评价→全班反馈→范文共赏五个环节。
学生参与情况：
运用这种教学方式，我所教的班级学生普遍反映：这种讨论和写作的方式更适合他们，因为气氛活跃，让人觉得轻松，通过小组的讨论、互相帮助和老师的指引，较容易搜集到写作素材,而且参考小组素材再结合自己的观点，就更容易下手写作了。每个小组都能写出较为优秀的文章，而且，学生完成作业情况非常好，能充分运用课上所讲的相关词汇和表达方式，有些同学的文章写得相当好，可以作为范文展示学习。总而言之，这种写作教学法既激发了学生的写作兴趣，又提高了他们的口语表达能力，同时还培养了他们的群体合作精神，而且也达到了师生互动交流。

『叁』 如何在高中英语新课程标准下搞好课时目标教学设计

在英语教学中，教学目标是否合理，直接决定着教学的成效。教学目标是课堂教学的核心和灵魂，是课堂教学的根本出发点及归宿，它具有导向、调控、激励、评价等诸多功能。因此，教学目标设计的有效性显得十分重要。但笔者在多次听课、调研中发现，目前仍有部分教师在课堂教学目标的设计方面存在着目标虚设、目标错位等现象，导致了课堂教学活动的无序、随意，甚至造成低效、负效的结果。那么，如何才能有效避免这些问题，增强课堂教学目标设计的有效性?下面，笔者将结合具体的教学案例，分析教学目标设计中普遍存在的问题，并提出相应的建议。
一、目标虚设的问题
目标虚设就是我们常说的假、大、空，甚至等于目标缺失，目标虚设往往造成教学目的的不明确，从而导致课堂教学的低效。
案例一:以人教版《新目标英语》八年级（下册）Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park? Section A部分的教学目标设计为例。
1. 知识目标
学习单词:Section A— space museum， amusement park， aquarium， boat， water park， theme park， neither;
Yes， I have. / No， I haven’t.
I’ve （never）been to a water park.
Me neither. / Me too. / So have I.
2. 能力目标:使学生能熟练地谈论所去的地方。
分 析:在对知识目标进行描述时，该案例中用了“学习、掌握”这类表述比较笼统的词，一定程度上造成了教学目标的虚设，由于目标表述语的不明确，学生不知道学习和掌握知识的具体程度。教学目标是教学目的、任务的具体化。明确的目标表述语可增加教学目标的操作性，有效避免目标虚设的问题。建议教师尽量准确运用“了解、知道、理解、听懂、会读、会写、掌握、运用”等行为动词。如对知识目标可以这样来描述:学会……生词;了解……生词的汉语意思，并能正确读出其英语发音;能听懂含有……的对话。
该案例中教师对能力目标的表述也比较模糊，其表述语为“使学生能熟练地谈论所去的地方。”存在的问题为:(1)这样的表述语太笼统，学生不清楚要运用何种语言项目去完成该活动。(2）表述语不准确，不是谈论所去的地方，而是谈论去过或到过哪里。(3）以何种形式谈论，是Pairwork还是Groupwork?教师可以这样表述:能用本课所学的“Have you ever been to … ? ”及答语Yes， I have. / No， I haven’t. 及I’ve （never）been to … Me neither. / Me too. / So have I.”和同伴或小组成员间相互询问（从未）去过哪里及表述（从未）去过哪里。这样的目标表述比较具体，学生能正确运用所学的语言。因此，教学目标一定要落实到具体语言学习上，尤其要具体到某一语言项目的运用上。
二、目标错位的问题
目标错位即标准误导，容易导致教学结果偏离方向。造成目标错位的主要原因往往是由于教师语言表述不当或定位本身出现偏差。下面是一位教师对人教版《新目标英语》（七年级下册）Unit 7 What does he look like? 单元进行复习巩固而设计的课堂教学目标。
案例二:对教学目标的分析
知识目标: 复习、巩固对人的身高、体重、发型、面部特征及着装特点的描述。学生能够熟练运用以下句型，如:
stop doing / to do /love to tell jokes/have a new look /a little bit /the captain of…/the girl with long hair /What does he look like? He is medium height/build./He has long curly black hair.
分 析:该案例在知识目标中有这样的描述语:“……能够熟练运用。”很明显，这是对学生实际运用所学知识的能力要求，应属于技能和能力目标的范畴，而该教师把对能力目标的描述语用在了对知识目标的描述中，造成知识目标和能力目标的混淆。巩固复习课的目标之一是对学生已学知识的查漏补缺，帮助学生夯实已学知识。因此，明确、到位的知识目标是非常必要的。知识目标应是对所复习知识提出的具体的、细化的要求。教师可以这样描述知识目标:（1）掌握下列有关人的身高、体重、发型、面部特征及着装特点词汇的音、形、性、意（列出教科书上的黑体词）;（ 2）熟练说出并能正确写出下列表达法:What does he look like? He is medium ...等。这样，学生对所学词、组、句的掌握程度就比较清楚了。案例三:
人教版《新目标英语》八年级(下册）某一单元Reading部分第一课时教学目标设计的陈述及课堂上师生表现情况的描述。
笔者第一次在八年级教学时，为了让学生读懂单元末的长篇阅读，备课时做了大量的工作:把所有学生可能不懂的单词、词组、长难句型统统列为教学目标。单词释义和词组造句等都翻遍词典寻求最佳解释和最佳例句，以为给学生最大的帮助和最佳的学习途径，提高学生学习效率和课堂教学效率，结果却事与愿违:课堂上，笔者辛苦地讲课，学生认真地记笔记，但看得出他们很被动、毫无趣味。词语讲解和练习刚进行了一半，下课铃就响了。那一瞬间，笔者无奈、困惑并思考着这节课失败的原因。分 析:
从该案例中陈述的教学目标不难看出:该节课失败的主要原因是目标设定产生偏差，即该教师将知识目标设定成了该节课的主要教学目标，导致知识目标和技能目标设置的错位。结果导致教学目标即阅读的技能目标没有实现，知识目标也未完成。
人教版《新目标英语》从八年级(下册)开始，每单元后都有Reading的主要教学目标“读。”教学中通常用两个课时来完成，而这两个课时的目标定位各有侧重。第一课时，教师应把主要目标定位在对学生阅读技能的培养上。教师备课时，应准确定位阅读课的“微技能”目标，以便在课堂上对学生进行有效的阅读策略指导。如:引导学生学会如何运用skimming，scanning等阅读方式进行快速阅读，如何找出文章的主题句等，如何进行猜词等。在关注意义理解的基础上，进一步关注语篇的结构，引导学生掌握阅读技巧，帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯，使其阅读理解能力不断得到提高。第二课时的教学目标可侧重于知识目标的达成。需要注意的是，教师为依据课标的相应要求确定知识点，切不可遇点就讲，见点就练。.要注意引导学生在语篇（境）中感知、归纳语言知识，体现学生主体地位，充分发挥其学习的主动性。
总之，要真正发挥教学目标的有效作用，关键在于教学目标的有效设计。教师在教学中要学会换位思考，将自己置身于学生所处的位置，并让学生去经历、感觉学习的过程，这样才能够提高英语课堂教学目标设计的有效性，培养学生的自学能力，提高其综合语言运用能力。

『肆』 高中英语新课程教学设计与评析的编辑推荐

本书是《走进课堂普通高中新课程教学设计与评析丛书》系列之一的版《高中英语新课权程教学设计与评析》，书中主要内容是针对高中英语新课程教学内容所设计的教学案例。案例结构包括：教材分析与学情分析、教学目标确定等板块。
适合作为高中新课程实验区教师培训教材，也适合关注高中课程改革的教研人员阅读参考。主要内容是针对高中英语新课程教学内容所设计的教学案例。案例结构包括：教材分析与学情分析、教学目标确定、教学重难点解析、教学过程设计、教学反思等板块。作者力图通过20余个来自课改一线教师的鲜活教学案例，引发对新课程教学中实际问题的研究和思考。