⑴ 学英语有什么好处 英语作文
There is no doubt that English is one of the world's most widely used languages. People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign languge. English is spoken as a native language by over three handred million people in the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, some caribbean countries and South Africa. As a second language, English is often necessary for official business, ecation, information and other activities in many countries, it is one of the few "working" languages of the United Nations.
It is said that English has become the language of international trade and transport. Most pilots in planes travelling from one country to another use it to talk with airports. All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in it. It has been said that 60 percent of the world's radio broad casts and 70 percent of the world's mail uses English. At international sports meets, and international of scientists English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used.
English has in fact become the language of international cooperation is science and technology. The most advanced resuits in space, nuclear and computer research are published in it. A scientist who speaks and writes English is in closer touch with the scientists in other countries than one who doesn't.
学英语的好处
毫无疑问,英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。人们使用语言无非有二种情况:作为母语,作为第一语言,再就是作为一门外语。英语,作为母语,有3亿多人在使用。他们分别在美国、英国、澳大利业、新西兰、加拿大还有一些加勒比海国家及南非等。作为第一语言,英语在很多国家的官方事务、教育、信息和其他活动中都是必不可少的。它是联合国仅用的几种工作语言之一。
人们说英语已经成为国际商贸和交通运输语言。大部分飞行于各国间的飞行员使用英语来与飞机场联络。在大洋上航行的轮船都用英语发出求救信号。据说世界上百分之六十的无线电广播和百分之七十的邮递业务用的是英语。在国际体育比赛中和国际科学家大会上,英语使用得最多也最为广泛。
事实上,英语已成为国际科学技术合作的通用语。太空、核能及计算机方面最先进的研究成果都用英语来发表。会用英语交谈和写作的科学家比不会使用英语的科学家,与其他国家的同行们联系要密切得多。
My reason is that sound film is needless to have looked at captions look at a plain again. Haw-haw. Learn English in fact key is to take self linguistic competence exercise most. Learn genuine English pronunciation , once be to be able to turn self oral cavity muscle into international muscle. The of the first edition mother tongue also may speak such that pronouncing every word clearly and singing in tune. Go and give broadcasting station bbing to No problem. Two is to improve self social contact ability , can let self have self-confidence more. Other benefit has been much. The job is and so on also easy to look for a job searching for a long time , study abroad. Friend's circle waits a minute also broadly. In fact why need to mimic this problem having to answer coming self. Everyone maybe thinks that the purpose learning English is all different.
其实学英语最关键是锻炼自己的语言能力。学好正宗的英语发音,一是可以把自己的口腔肌肉变成国际肌肉。原本的母语也会说得字正腔圆。去给电台配音都没问题。二是提高自己的社交能力,能让自己更有自信。
其它的好处就多多了。找工作好找,出国留学工作什么的也容易。朋友的圈子也广了等等。其实为什么要学这个问题还得自己来回答。也许每个人想学英语的目的都不一样。
⑵ 谁能用英语说说英语写作有什么好处啊
Writing in English more can make you get used to the way how English express. And you can remember the grammar and words better by writing in English.It is also a way to test your study. 字数有限
⑶ 说说学会英语的好处
大多数世界性组织和机构,包括联合国和奥委会,都把英语作为主要工作语言。国际商务活动也使用英语作为沟通工具。两个不同的国家把英语作为共同语言。世界变得越来越小,你已经无法从英语的影响力中突围了。可是为什么不学英语呢?会讲一口流利的英语能给你带来很多意想不到的好处……
知识和信息通道
互联网
互联网上大部分的网页都是使用英语。每天都在传播着无限的信息,其中一些要求读者会英语才能理解。运用英语与来自世界各地的人在聊天室里交谈,发邮件和享受其他服务。
新闻
我们收听到的国际新闻一般都是用英语广播的,比如CNN 和BBC,
其每天的更新速度比局域网还要快。如果你懂英语,那么就可以迅速掌握瞬息万变的世界。同样地,世界上很多国际性报纸也是用英语来书写的。
科技
几乎90%的科技期刊都是用英语撰写的。因此,如果你想了解现在的科技世界,先把英语学好吧。对于精通行业英语的专家们而言,能够和全球的同行无障碍交流领域知识将是多么美好。
职业
提升你的职业生涯
如果你想在商场一展拳脚,英语绝对是一件制胜法宝。我们都要同那些说英语国家互通贸易,因此英语也作为一种通用语言而被大部分国家使用。墨西哥的工程师通过英语从他的中国朋友那里得到了技术帮助,这种事情现在已经很普遍了。如果你精通英语,那么你就可以从美国的技术人员和专家那里得到对公司有益的支持。你也可以与那些把英语作为商业语言的国家做生意。现在很多公司都把员工的英语水平作为薪水的支付标准。即使在你自己的国家,英语也能帮助你获得更好的待遇。
求职
英语是块敲门砖,帮助你获得很多来自全世界的公司提供的好工作。同时,如果你会英语,在你自己的国家里找工作并不是一件难事。拥有双语技能会让你的简历看起来更有吸引力。如果你能说一口漂亮的英语并且读写能力很强,你获得工作机会的几率将会比别人大得多。加上流利的面试英语过程,一定能助你轻松笑傲职场。
娱乐
书籍
懂英语的人可以看美国人写的书,英国人写的书,澳大利亚、新西兰等等,根本不需要翻译直接就可以享受原汁原味的文化。很多经典小说也是用英语写的,比如莎士比亚的著作。
杂志
世界上一些著名的杂志比如《Time》和《Cosmopolitan》都是用英语出版的。
电影
看原版英文电影不需要看翻译字幕了。很多好莱坞电影的名字和英语电影对白经过本国语言翻译以后都失掉了它原有的味道了。这也是为什么总是好莱坞大片获得奥斯卡大奖?电影英语也是一门艺术。
音乐
学会了英语,你就可以理解那些你喜欢的英语歌曲到底在唱些什么。美国和英国的音乐是世界上最流行的音乐了,令人惊讶的是一些音乐家们还是想通过歌词来表达思想而不仅仅是乐律本身。
旅行
学会英语以后,你就可以去那些说英语国家旅行了,比如美国、加拿大、英国和澳大利亚。当然,你也可以用英语跟欧洲和亚洲以及全世界国家的人们进行交流。全世界有一百多个国家说英语,在有些国家英语还是唯一的交流语言。在日本,有很多人说英语,但是西班牙语在这里似乎不如英语受欢迎。能够说英语,问路就不再是一件难事了。另外,去一个陌生的国家旅行,旅行手册能帮你大忙,但是,旅行手册都是用英语写的。如果你能听得懂别人说的话,理解周围发生的事情,那么你的旅行将会更有意义。有什么比在一家高雅餐馆里看不懂菜单里的牛排更令人觉得尴尬呢?如果想学习旅游英语或者旅行口语,请进入24小时英语,与资深外教轻松聊英语,畅谈旅行轶事,提高口语技能。
个人满足感
学会一门语言的确使人感觉有满足感。首先你能够不看字幕完全理解一部英文电影,或者完全看懂一部英文小说。如果一位来你国家旅游的英语国家朋友需要你的帮助,然后你用英语准确地告诉他一些重要信息,这些难道不令人觉得高兴吗?告诉你的朋友你正在听的一首英文歌讲述的内容,不也是一件快乐的事吗?
没有什么比当在一个英语国家旅行时,能够用英语无障碍交流更让人觉得满足的事了。当你结束一段谈话,潇洒地离开时并对自己说“哈哈,那家伙说的什么我都知道”,这个时候你会觉得自己是多么的酷!
⑷ 学习英语有什么好处
学英语哪个好?为什么孩子那么小就要花这么多的时间去学习英语?前段时间看到论坛上有个帖子,标题是:为什么国人对待洋人必须说英语?大部分外国的留学生来到中国后,中国本地的学生为了迎合外国留学生基本上都和他们说英语,而中国去外国的留学生,为什么外国人和中国留学生不说汉语?
其实这个问题很简单:在当今时代,英语就是世界第一通用语言。简单易学,词语简单且表达易懂,其实语言就是一种交流的工具,语言简化越容易让人理解你想表达的意思,我们中文如今不也是从繁到简,因此学习英语的潮流是永远不会过时,特别是少儿学英语,家长们一定要理解孩子学英语的好处。
其实我们都知道掌握英语思维逻辑很重要的一点是多和老外沟通,这也是为什么推荐大家选择外教辅导的一个原因。英语那么重要,学习英语到底能给孩子带来什么?
1.未来出国留学
每一个孩子都有很大的潜力,作为家长不应该去低估孩子的能力。有些孩子很调皮不爱学习,是因为孩子觉得学习没有成就感,没有兴趣。作为家长就应该及时引导孩子提高对英语的兴趣,学好英语能够帮助孩子未来学业上有多种选择,我们都知道雅思、托福都是出国留学必备的考试,只要年满16周岁,就可以报考雅思和托福。雅思考试报名为全年开放式,考试日期安排公布后即可报名,最晚报名时间为考试前两个星期。但由于报考人数众多,考生应至少提前两个月报名,以确保考位充足。考生可根据自己的情况选择全国任何一个考点的考试,不受地域限制。
2.未来工作岗位
要知道只要英语足够好,未来可以选择老师、翻译、外贸等超过200种岗位选择,所以英语不仅仅是一门语言更是一项技能,掌握英语可以在未来的工作选择上有更多的余地。并且在未来的工作中,英语不仅仅可以是个人能力的展现,也会在工作中更具备竞争力。
学英语哪个好?建议大家去试听一节课,觉得满意再做选择也不迟。
⑸ 英语作文 学习英语的好处
借鉴借鉴
There is no doubt that English is one of the world's most widely used languages. People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign languge. English is spoken as a native language by over three handred million people in the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, some caribbean countries and South Africa. As a second language, English is often necessary for official business, ecation, information and other activities in many countries, it is one of the few "working" languages of the United Nations.
It is said that English has become the language of international trade and transport. Most pilots in planes travelling from one country to another use it to talk with airports. All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in it. It has been said that 60 percent of the world's radio broad casts and 70 percent of the world's mail uses English. At international sports meets, and international of scientists English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used.
English has in fact become the language of international cooperation is science and technology. The most advanced resuits in space, nuclear and computer research are published in it. A scientist who speaks and writes English is in closer touch with the scientists in other countries than one who doesn't.
英语的重要性
毫无疑问,英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。人们使用语言无非有二种情况:作为母语,作为第一语言,再就是作为一门外语。英语,作为母语,有3亿多人在使用。他们分别在美国、英国、澳大利业、新西兰、加拿大还有一些加勒比海国家及南非等。作为第一语言,英语在很多国家的官方事务、教育、信息和其他活动中都是必不可少的。它是联合国仅用的几种工作语言之一。
人们说英语已经成为国际商贸和交通运输语言。大部分飞行于各国间的飞行员使用英语来与飞机场联络。在大洋上航行的轮船都用英语发出求救信号。据说世界上百分之六十的无线电广播和百分之七十的邮递业务用的是英语。在国际体育比赛中和国际科学家大会上,英语使用得最多也最为广泛。
事实上,英语已成为国际科学技术合作的通用语。太空、核能及计算机方面最先进的研究成果都用英语来发表。会用英语交谈和写作的科学家比不会使用英语的科学家,与其他国家的同行们联系要密切得多。
望采纳
⑹ 学英语的好处英语作文带翻译
⑺ 《学英语有什么好处》,写一篇英语作文
其实,英语做位一种语言,从语言学的角度来说,是一种比较古老的,原始的语言的,和俄语是属于一个分类的,这样的特点就已经决定了,这个语言的发展是随着信息的总量变化而变化的.我们不能因为这样就说英语是不科学的,因为,全世界所有语言种类的语法几乎都是有着惊人的一致性的,也就是说,汉语的语法,在英语里面不见得不实用.这可能可以用来解释为什么要学好英语,多看点文言文对英语学习语法有很多的好处.
学过逻辑学的同学也都知道,语言作为我们生活中一种必不可少的符号,是不可能避免使用的,因为我们的思想和我们的交流都是要通过语言来表达的,我们不可能象蚂蚁一样靠我们的气味,我们的光感来判断我们彼此交流的对象的.就中国而言,我们有56个民族的兄弟姐妹
,虽然汉族是占了92%的比例,但我们的少数民族的兄弟姐妹们都是有着自己的语言和生活习惯的,这个是没有办法改变的.据统计,中国一共有200多种的语言,这样的数量听起来是不是有点另人吃惊呢?但,这个就是事实.语言不仅仅是我们自己交流的工具,也是我们和世界交流的工具,作为一种交流的符号,我们没有权利评价哪一种符号更好用,我们只是用习惯了我们经常用的那一种,而相对的另一个环境下生存的人们,他们也有他们自己的语言环境,我想他们一定不会认为英语难学,而认为汉语好学,你说对吗?
英语这样一种语言能够成为世界语言也绝对不是一种偶然.首先,在资本主义的资本积累时期,英国已经开始了殖民扩张,那个时候,英语就通过对外的侵略走向了全世界,给他们占领的很多落后的地区带来了文明,其中英语也作为一种语言流传到了大半个世界.当初英国的
“日不落帝国”梦就是这样做起来的.可以说,这个就是英语走向全世界的第一步!第二次工业革命的时候,美国发展起来,要知道美国的英语,也就是现在的American
English也就伴随着经济的发展渗透到了大部分经济发达地区!到了二次世界大战之后,尤其是近代,英语的发展更是随着经济和科技的发展、交流在全世界应用起来!
我们来看看这个世界在发生的变化吧.自从冷战结束以来,世界向着多极化和全球化发展,我们没有能力去改变这样一个大的趋势,世界在科技发展的推动下,向着一个更大的整体前进,我们越来越接近世界这样一个大的舞台,我们要真的走上这个舞台,我们就必须要了解这个舞台,能在这个舞台上表达我们的思想,和这个舞台上的其他成员进行交流,我们总不能和他们说我们会说的汉语,而留下他们去挠头.那么,我们就要跟上这样一个大的潮流,可能我们现在这样一代人还没有跟上,但我们的下一代呢?我们还是有未来的嘛,我们总不能让自己的后代一样拖着人家的后腿走路,我们都有自己的尊严啊!
⑻ 关于学习英语的好处的英语作文
There is no doubt that English is one of the world's most widely used languages. People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign languge. English is spoken as a native language by over three handred million people in the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, some caribbean countries and South Africa. As a second language, English is often necessary for official business, ecation, information and other activities in many countries, it is one of the few "working" languages of the United Nations.
It is said that English has become the language of international trade and transport. Most pilots in planes travelling from one country to another use it to talk with airports. All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in it. It has been said that 60 percent of the world's radio broad casts and 70 percent of the world's mail uses English. At international sports meets, and international of scientists English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used.
English has in fact become the language of international cooperation is science and technology. The most advanced resuits in space, nuclear and computer research are published in it. A scientist who speaks and writes English is in closer touch with the scientists in other countries than one who doesn't.
学英语的好处
毫无疑问,英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。人们使用语言无非有二种情况:作为母语,作为第一语言,再就是作为一门外语。英语,作为母语,有3亿多人在使用。他们分别在美国、英国、澳大利业、新西兰、加拿大还有一些加勒比海国家及南非等。作为第一语言,英语在很多国家的官方事务、教育、信息和其他活动中都是必不可少的。它是联合国仅用的几种工作语言之一。
人们说英语已经成为国际商贸和交通运输语言。大部分飞行于各国间的飞行员使用英语来与飞机场联络。在大洋上航行的轮船都用英语发出求救信号。据说世界上百分之六十的无线电广播和百分之七十的邮递业务用的是英语。在国际体育比赛中和国际科学家大会上,英语使用得最多也最为广泛。
事实上,英语已成为国际科学技术合作的通用语。太空、核能及计算机方面最先进的研究成果都用英语来发表。会用英语交谈和写作的科学家比不会使用英语的科学家,与其他国家的同行们联系要密切得多。
⑼ 《学英语有什么好处》,写一篇英语作文!急求!!
其实,英语做位一种语言,从语言学的角度来说,是一种比较古老的,原始的语言的,和俄语是属于一个分类的,这样的特点就已经决定了,这个语言的发展是随着信息的总量变化而变化的。我们不能因为这样就说英语是不科学的,因为,全世界所有语言种类的语法几乎都是有着惊人的一致性的,也就是说,汉语的语法,在英语里面不见得不实用。这可能可以用来解释为什么要学好英语,多看点文言文对英语学习语法有很多的好处。 学过逻辑学的同学也都知道,语言作为我们生活中一种必不可少的符号,是不可能避免使用的,因为我们的思想和我们的交流都是要通过语言来表达的,我们不可能象蚂蚁一样靠我们的气味,我们的光感来判断我们彼此交流的对象的。就中国而言,我们有56个民族的兄弟姐妹 ,虽然汉族是占了92%的比例,但我们的少数民族的兄弟姐妹们都是有着自己的语言和生活习惯的,这个是没有办法改变的。据统计,中国一共有200多种的语言,这样的数量听起来是不是有点另人吃惊呢?但,这个就是事实。语言不仅仅是我们自己交流的工具,也是我们和世界交流的工具,作为一种交流的符号,我们没有权利评价哪一种符号更好用,我们只是用习惯了我们经常用的那一种,而相对的另一个环境下生存的人们,他们也有他们自己的语言环境,我想他们一定不会认为英语难学,而认为汉语好学,你说对吗? 英语这样一种语言能够成为世界语言也绝对不是一种偶然。首先,在资本主义的资本积累时期,英国已经开始了殖民扩张,那个时候,英语就通过对外的侵略走向了全世界,给他们占领的很多落后的地区带来了文明,其中英语也作为一种语言流传到了大半个世界。当初英国的 “日不落帝国”梦就是这样做起来的。可以说,这个就是英语走向全世界的第一步!第二次工业革命的时候,美国发展起来,要知道美国的英语,也就是现在的American English也就伴随着经济的发展渗透到了大部分经济发达地区!到了二次世界大战之后,尤其是近代,英语的发展更是随着经济和科技的发展、交流在全世界应用起来! 我们来看看这个世界在发生的变化吧。自从冷战结束以来,世界向着多极化和全球化发展,我们没有能力去改变这样一个大的趋势,世界在科技发展的推动下,向着一个更大的整体前进,我们越来越接近世界这样一个大的舞台,我们要真的走上这个舞台,我们就必须要了解这个舞台,能在这个舞台上表达我们的思想,和这个舞台上的其他成员进行交流,我们总不能和他们说我们会说的汉语,而留下他们去挠头。那么,我们就要跟上这样一个大的潮流,可能我们现在这样一代人还没有跟上,但我们的下一代呢?我们还是有未来的嘛,我们总不能让自己的后代一样拖着人家的后腿走路,我们都有自己的尊严啊!
⑽ 英语写作在英语学习中的重要性
别急 会把英语写作能力提高的
谈谈如何提高英语写作能力
关键词:英语写作能力 原则 方法
引言:英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一,英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain(1985)提出“可理解输出”假设,认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用,促进语言运用的自动化,有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作,英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化,有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是,英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一,且容易被教师忽视,笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
(一)渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序,由易到难,循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段,要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯,狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后,再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等,这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
(二)多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言,可以用回答提问的口头作文,也可以用续写故事;可以改写课文,也可以仿写课文;可以写提纲训练谋篇布局,也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言,可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文,也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论,学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识,从而了解别人的思想,再通过说和写来表达自己的思想,让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此,写与听说读紧密结合,进行多元化的能力训练,可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
(四)控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导,控制学生的汉语语言思维,发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿,而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导,可给出范文让学生模仿,以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维,尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维,以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
(五)持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事,而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备,要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
(一)通过积累词汇量,提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样,词汇是说话写作的必需材料,也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象,如果要写一个句子,10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出,有2
个单词用法不当,又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢?因此,在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词,记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多,各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯,可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程,要长期地坚持下去,才能不断积累大量的词汇,为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
(二)通过扩大阅读量,提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,这是汉语的一种学习方法,同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径,同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法,有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中,教师要注意以下问题:一是指导阅读方法,分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等,帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合,通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词;通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量,扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广,才能不断扩大学生的知识面,使学生适应各种题材的写作。
(三)通过提高听说能力,提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的,提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课,多开展专门的听说训练,同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动,让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语,久而久之,学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
(四)通过重视写作过程,提高英语写作能力。长期以来,英语写作成果教学法(THE PRODUCT
APPROACH)在我国居于主导地位,教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败,重视写作的技术性细节(如格式、拼写、语法等),忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论(Connectionism)理论,写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程,这三个过程并非是线性排列,而是循环往复,穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导,才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段,教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材,训练发散性思维,以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中,教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中,教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。
(五)通过多写英语摘要,提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来,用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文,这不是简单的摘录,而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构,从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。
(六)通过发展英语语言思维能力,提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法,通过思维进行外在化输出的创作,因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言,在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响,难以直接用英语语言进行思维,不利于英语写作能力的提高,因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练:要采取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性;要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题;要从训练形象思维开始,逐步过渡到抽象思维训练;在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释,消除汉语思维的影响;要努力创设良好的英语环境,在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。
写好英语段落的三个标准
首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次,一个段落必须有若干推展句,使主题思想得到充分展开,从而给读者一个完整的感觉,这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心,任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例:
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country.文中出现两个irrelevant sentences,一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,这一段是讲的是Joe and I ,中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences(不相关语句)而丢分,值得引起注意。再看一个例子:
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有两个irrelevant sentences,一个是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一个是My mother was a premature baby.
从上面两个例子可以看出,native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果这种句子多了,造成偏题或离题,那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样,一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现,如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实,就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样,虽然有推展句,但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待,给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如:
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平静)Physical work又如何能改变这种情况?为什么它能起therapy的作用?读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100~120个词的三段式短文,每一段只有大约40个词左右,因此,要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如:
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法,必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释,整个段落内容空洞,简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话,就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段:
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming “Help”?
3、连贯性(coherence)
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面,前者指的是内在的逻辑性,后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连,句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。
1)、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思,边写边想,写写停停,那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”(起床)写起,然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”),然后是“close to noon”,一直写到这一天结束(“By nine——”)。
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近,从远处(“from a distance”)写起,然后“get closer”,再到(“ten feet away”),最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然,按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要,也可以由近及远,由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力,它的重要性与职业,身份有关,从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”,最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness,先给出一个general statement作为主题句,然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句,它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较,末句才下结论。
2)、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种,一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases),另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个,所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词,约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见,掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益,而且对于学生在半个小时内写足四级短文所要求的120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了。我们看下面一个例子:Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外,没有使用其他的过渡词语。这样,文中出现许多重复的词语,全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话,这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有损连贯性的几种情况:
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:
1、不必要的改变时态,比如:
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数,比如:
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称,比如:
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中,一定要注意时态,人称以及数的变化是否正确,要注意保持一致。