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科技英语写作格式

发布时间:2020-12-25 22:12:53

❶ 科技英语写作的语篇特征应该从哪些方面着手

准确使用术语,追求言简意赅,简明扼要。以“概要/abstract”开篇,然后按如下几个段落完成:范围/scope;定义/defination; 内容/content;(结论/conclusion)。

❷ 英文论文的详细格式

英文论文的详细格式:

一、标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。

4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。

英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

(2)科技英语写作格式扩展阅读:

发表论文作用:

论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:

1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究,公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

❸ 英语科技论文写作是中文版还是英文版

按研究问题的大小不同可以把论文范文分、为宏观论文范文和微观论文范文。凡属国家全局性、带有普遍性并对局部工作有一定指导意义的论文范文,称为宏观论文范文。它研究的面比较宽广,具有较大范围的影响。反之,研究局部性、具体问题的论文范文,是微观论文范文。它对具体工作有指导意义,影响的面窄一些。
另外还有一种综合型的分类方法,即把论文范文分为专题型、论辩型、综述型和综合型四大类:
1.专题型论文范文。这是分析前人研究成果的基础上,以直接论述的形式发表见解,从正面提出某学科中某一学术问题的一种论文范文。专题应用型论文范文是一种运用所学的理论基础和专业技能知识,独立地探讨或解决本学科某一问题的论文范文,其基本标准应该是:通过论文范文,可以大致反映作者能否运用所学得的基础知识来分析和解决本学科内某一基本问题的学术水平和能力。当然,它的选题一般也不宜过大,内容不太复杂,要求有一定的创见性,能够较好地分析和解决学科领域中不太复杂的问题。
2.论辩型论文范文。这是针对他人在某学科中某一学术问题的见解,凭借充分的论据,着重揭露其不足或错误之处,通过论辩形式来发表见解的一种论文范文。
3.综述型论文范文。这是在归纳、总结前人或今人对某学科中某一学术问题已有研究成果的基础上,加以介绍或评论,从而发表自己见解的一种论文范文。
4.综合型论文范文。这是一种将综述型和论辩型两种形式有机结合起来写成的一种论文范文。

❹ 要一篇科技论文(英文的)

A Flow Shop with Compatibility Constraints in a Steelmaking Plant* Abstract We present a scheling methodology for applications where the generation of scheles is constrained by antagonistic and vague knowledge. Besides temporal and capacity constraints, compatibility constraints between consecutive jobs are managed. We model the vague constraints and uncertain data by fuzzy set theory. The importance of single jobs and the difficulty to schele them is defined on the different constraints and is used to control the generation of scheles. A preliminary schele is generated by considering the important jobs and those that are difficult to schele first. Easy or not so important jobs are scheled later. Finally, the achieved schele is “repaired” until a schele is found that achieves a given level of satisfaction. Since the goodness of solutions is rated by fuzzy sets, robust scheles achieve better evaluations than weak scheles. However, if no robust solution is found constraints will be relaxed. This methodology is appropriate for applications in process engineering where uncertain knowledge is dominant. We explain the methodology with a case study from a steelmaking plant for high-grade steel 补充: Bidding for the Olympic Games, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unipue image. What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics. For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors, yellow and red. First, yellow is a meaningful color. The Yellow River is China's Mother River and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese history. So, yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games. Secondly, the 2008 Olympics will be a red pageant.Red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes in red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm and prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing . Beijing , together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Should the 2008 Olympics be held in Beijing, the whole city will be a sea of red : the red torch,red flags, red flowers, and the radiant faces of millions of joyful people. Above all, the 2008 Olympics will be a green Olympics. Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image, as we can't deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as what we like it to be. Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replanting and beautification of the city. According to a project entitled" The Green Olympic Action Plan", between 1998 and 2007, Beijing, we have invested 100 billion RMB in preserving and protecting the environment. Some 12.5 million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted along the Fourth Ring Road. By then, the city's green area will make up 40% of its total. The city will also dredge its reservoirs used as a water supply to Beijing residents, controlling instrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city proper. Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, United, we stand, and a green Beijing will be achieved. When our aspiration becomes a reality, it will be a unique Olympics." New Beijing, Great Olympics"; will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red and green. 追问: 用中文写清楚 这篇英文文章研究的是什么问题?这个问题是怎么研究的?发现了什么?这些发现意 味着什么? 谢谢 回答: 第一篇与电有关

求采纳

❺ 英语作文万能模板

一.用于作文开头的万能模板

1、Many people insist that...很多人(坚持)认为……

这句话乍看没亮点,但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?

2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that...随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……

3、A lot of people seem to think that...很多人似乎认为……

二.引出不同观点的万能模板

1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that....人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……

看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实,也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。

2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。

乍一看,跟上句的开头神似,其实就是省略掉了"people's",不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。

3、People may have different opinions on...人们对……可能会有不同的见解。

又是一个婉转的句子,展示其客观性。

4、There are different opinions among people as to...关于……人们的观点大不相同。

"different"虽拉低了水准,但"as to"又拯救了回来。

5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

这句话貌似亮点不多,顶多一个"hold",但也是安全牌,容易理解。

三.得出最终结论的万能模板

1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that...把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……

很完全的答法,"take sth into consideration"短语的应用,加分。

2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……

"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。

3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that...因此,自然我们得出以下结论。。。

"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧,但别平时口语中用,否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。。
再特意提一句:"we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思,而是一种自然而然,水到渠成的得出结论。

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。

短语"there is no doubt that"上线,同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。

5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

这句话一般用于作文结尾,属万能句式,句式较为简单,方便操作。

四.提出最终建议的万能模板

1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

"It is high time" 打头,为该句增色。注:that 后跟虚拟语气,后跟动词的一般过去式,表示“是某人做。。。的时候了”或者“是某人不做。。。的时候了”

2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ...该是采纳……的建议,并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。

去掉一个"high",画风完全不一样,不用过去式,只需用"to do"来替代。

3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ...毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视。

"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。

4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that...显然,如果我们想做某事,我们需要……

这句有些老生常谈,稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。

5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...

Only+倒装,经典万能句式,还能看出点水平呢。

6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...

把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态,省略了主语,监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的!

五.英语四级作文预示后果万能模板

1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。

"the chances are that"替代了"may",果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。

2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that...毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则很可能会……

作文结尾万用句,毫无破绽。

3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

"It is urgent that"+被动,效果不错滴。

❻ 怎么写英文科技论文

第1章关于科技论文
1.1正确看待科技论文的撰写和发表
1.2正确处理做实验与写论文的关系
1.3什么是科技论文
1.4科技论文的新形式
1.5科技论文的写作特点
1.6科技论文的一般格式
参考文献
第2章标题(Title)的撰写
2.1标题中字母大写格式
2.2题要对文
2.3标题要简明
2.4标题中的缩写和化学式
2.5标题中应含有关键词
2.6副标题(Subtitle)
2.7标题的结构
2.8页眉标题(Running Title或Title Running Head)
2.9层次标题
参考文献
第3章作者署名(Authors)与单位(Affiliation)的撰写
3.1第一作者
3.2通讯作者
3.3作者单位
参考文献
第4章摘要(Abstract)和关键词(Keywords)的撰写
4.1摘要的写作原则
4.2英文摘要的时态
4.3英文摘要的语态
4.4关键词
参考文献
第5章引言(Introction)的撰写
5.1研究领域的背景介绍
5.2相关文献的总结
5.3指出问题所在
5.4简述论文工作
5.5引言实例
参考文献
第6章实验部分(Experimental Section)的撰写
6.1写作技巧
6.2结构
6.3实验部分实例
参考文献
第7章结果与讨论(Results and Discussion)的撰写
7.1写作技巧
7.1.1结果部分的写法
7.1.2讨论部分的写法
7.1.3结果与讨论合并写
7.1.4结果与讨论分开写
7.2结果与讨论实例
参考文献
第8章结论(Conclusion)的撰写
参考文献
第9章致谢(Acknowledgment)的撰写
参考文献
第10章参考文献(References)的撰写
第11章插图(Illustrations)的绘制
第12章表格(Tables)的设计
第13章科技论文写作中常用的单词、短语和句子
第14章科技论文实例分析
参考文献
致谢

❼ 英语作文:科技

关于科技的英语作文:
Science and technology have changed our life thoroughly throughout the history, especially in the last century. There is a prevailing understanding about science and technology among the general public that they are the same thing of two different names but they are acutally two things. Science is kind of series of theorrtical concepts and people can accept it or not, and it will not affect commom people's life to a large extent, but it's a different way when it comes to technology because technology has more pratical effect on people. People have to enre the results of the pactical applicance of technology whether they are good or not, such as the air pollution, and it all happens without people's acceptance, for it all depends on the local governments' or even the nations' decision.
关于科技的英语作文:
The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient. However, scientists have created many problems, which are not easy to be resolved, such as air pollution, the deterioration of environment and the scarcity of natural resources, to which we must some solutions.
Modern science and technology render people many advantages. Modern telecommunication shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Internet is widely used now not only for collection of abundant information but also for correspondence. Email, the most effective communication device now, is becoming very popular. Besides, telephone and mobile phone make contact more convenient than before.
Modern transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smooth and fast. With the help of modern transportation, people can go everywhere they prefer to. The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles can help us realize the dream of space travel.
Modern medicine prolongs peoples life and relieves patients of sufferings from many diseases. Cancer and AIDS are fatal to peoples health. Thanks to the endeavors scientists have made, these diseases become treatable.
However, the process of scientific development also arouses many sever problems to our human beings. Internet, though widely used in modern communication, is easy to be destroyed by computer virus. Outer space exploration has proced much waste in the space. A tiny metal, a screw, for example can destroy a flying man-made satellite. Instrialization is making natural resources become scarce.
Confronted with these problems, scientists are seeking prompt and feasible solutions. The development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to us. We must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent.

❽ 讨论科技周英语作文

只能给你说方法了。不好意思。
英语写作是学生英语综合水平的体现。要提高学生的英语写作水平,笔者认为一方面要充分利用写作技能练习,如填空,造句,句型变换,连词成句,连句成段以及阅读后写摘要,改写,缩写和指导性写作练习等。另一方面,还要有计划地指导学生进行写作,使学生逐步掌握写作技巧。

一、从词、句入手,抓基础写作训练

培养和提高学生的写作能力应从词和句入手,抓好基础训练。英语是结构语言,有其自身的固定搭配、习惯用语和基本句型。

1.关键词和短语写作训练

新课程的写作话题新,有许多新的常用词汇、短语和重要句型,我可以根据本单元的写作话题,每天精心选择2~3个词组或句型,让学生做翻译或造句练习。一周之后,让学生运用这些词组和句型进行写作。此种做法既培养学生的写作能力,又提高写作效率,还可以帮助学生掌握一些习惯用语和句子结构,从而提高学生的遣词造句的能力。

2.问答写作法

学生的词汇量有限,可根据写作话题设计一系列问题,引发学生思考并作答。当学生回答完所有问题后,把这些问题的答案串起来就形成了一篇完整的文章。学生回答问题时,我可以给予提示,如词汇、短语和句型等。

3.套用格式,开展模仿性写作训练

在英语写作训练初期,我们围绕话题设计一定的写作格式,让学生套用,这样可使学生的习作结构完整,格式规范,有利于养成规范的写作习惯。例如:一篇要求学生写影评的作文,可设计以下的格式:

This story is about ____. I think the story is ____. The actors/actresses are ____. The plot is ____. The ending of the film is ____. The scenes are ____. So, I think it is a ___ film. In my opinion, it is well worth seeing. 学生利用提供的写作格式,写作就轻松多了。同时,这种写作格式对学生今后写影评和读后感都有一定的借鉴意义。

二、归纳和讨论,提高学生的写作能力

组织学生开展讨论和归纳活动,以提高学生的口头表达技能和处理信息的能力,使学生的写作更具逻辑性和条理性,并帮助学生学会分析作者的写作意图,使学生的写作水平得以提高。

1.归纳大意写作法

指导写生阅读文章,归纳段落大意,并分析作者的写作意图,然后让学生讨论段落间的联系,围绕每段的大意自由写作,最后连段成篇。例如:有一篇是让学生根据阅读材料写一篇感谢信,首先让学生了解书信的基本格式,接着让学生归纳每段的大意,然后组织学生讨论段落间的联系,并提醒学生注意上下文的连接用语。2.主题讨论写作法

帮助学生提高口头表达能力对写作技能的培养至关重要。我可以先给出一个话题,让学生进行小组讨论,学生用已学过的语法知识和语言材料表达思想,既能锻炼学生的听说能力,又能为下一步的写作奠定基础。例如:有一单元的写作训练要求学生先填表格,再回答三个问题:“What kind of music do they belong to? Besides modern music, what other kinds of music do you know? What differences are there between traditional Chinese music and modern Chi-nese music?”从而转入本单元的写作训练,然后指导学生小组讨论。最后,挑选四个小组,让他们派代表汇报小组讨论的内容,这样可以充分调动学生参与的积极性,使每个学生都能体验共享写作资源的喜悦。同时,听、说、写相结合的方式,学生的综合技能也能得以提高。

❾ 科技英语作文

题目: operating system I am using
正文:As is well known,the Microsoft is the biggest software company in the world and about 95% of the PC terminal users use the operating systems made by the Microsoft.Without exception,I am also using Windows XP at present.
I have two reasons why I use the operating system.Firstly,the hardware this operating system requests is low end which means there is no need to rise the capability of the computer for using this operating system.Secondly,the operation of the system is humanized and intelligentized.
I have been using this operating system for five years,but it never makes me feel it is out of fashion.On the contrary,it brings me freshness.Besides,its convenience and ease for operation give me a lot of comfort.

希望能帮助你!!!

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