『壹』 中南大学英语研究生特殊用途外语专业
来中南就知道了
『贰』 帮忙翻译三篇英语作文
阿尔伯特爱因斯坦（3月14日，在乌尔姆，符腾堡，德国1879年- 4月18日，在新泽西州普林斯顿，1955年）是一位理论物理学家。他是相对性的特殊和一般理论配方。此外，他对量子论和统计力学的重大贡献。而最好的相对论已知（尤其质能等价，公式E = mc2），他被授予物理，他的光电效应在1905年的解释1921年诺贝尔文学奖（他\“美好的一年，\”或\“奇迹年\“）和\”作为自己的服务，以理论物理\“。他的许多贡献，爱因斯坦被广泛认为是有史以来最伟大的物理学家谁lived.In流行文化之一，名称\“爱因斯坦\”已成为伟大的智慧和天才的同义词。
长城
中国的长城，防御工事，C.1节，500英里（2400公里）长，缠绕在ñ中国甘肃省。河北省。在黄海。这堵墙，主要是沿蒙古平原南缘的运行，已建保护北方游牧民族中国。它是建立在许多古代城墙合并;的第一个统一的墙是在三维百分之兴建。公元前由秦王朝。劳动者被征募来自全国各地中国建设社会主义，其中不少人在项目。这堵墙的目前形式的日期实质上的明朝（1368-1644）。它平均25英尺（7.6米高），是15到30英尺（4月6日至9月1号米），在基地厚，倾斜至12英尺（3.7米的顶部）。守卫站和了望塔被置于定期。隔离墙的东部，是与地球所面临的石头砖块，但在西部这不过是一个土墩。连续侵略的中国从北表明，长城没有什么军事用途。自1949年以来两节北京N有得到重建，而且对游客开放。
『叁』 关于初中英语作文
写英语作文和汉语作文一样，也有许多可供借鉴的要领和诀窍。初、中级英语学习者，只要掌握了一定量的英语知识，再加上一些技巧，完全能够写出较好的英语作文，并在各级各类英语考试中取得书面表达部分的好成绩。
要领一：学会审题
我们都知道，无论是汉语作文还是英语作文，审题都是第一步，而且是非常重要的一步。英语作文的审题有其特殊的意义。一要审清题目的要求，包括体裁、人称、时间、词数等。二要审清内容和要点，列出简单提纲并精选词汇和句型。三要审清应使用的动词时态：日记常使用过去时态或现在时态，通知常用将来时态，看图作文常用过去时态，人物、地点介绍常用现在时态，介绍学习、爱好、生活等方面的英语作文也常用现在时态等。
要领二：开门见山
英美国家的人习惯“开门见山”。这就要求作者在文章开头就要说明这篇文章打算要说什么，即阐明文章的大概意思（general idea），然后再详细叙述过程。如：
Boys and girls， May I have your attention，please？
There will be a lecture on American literature at the weekend．…
That's all．Thank you．
以上是一个关于一场报告的通知。一开始，就要告诉读者通知的主要内容（There will be a lecture on American literature），然后再说明具体的时间、地点和要求等。
若是写一封申请函，我们就可以用以下形式开门见山地表明自己的意图。
Dear sir，
I have learned from China Youth that a typist is needed in your company．I want to apply for the job and work with your company．．．
介绍人物、地点、学习、生活习惯及新闻报道等方面的作文都可以使用开门见山的方式来写。这样写出的文章读起来自然流畅。例如：
（1）Beijing，the capital of China，is a world-famous city．There are many places of interest in and around Beijing．The Palace Museum lies in the center of the city．It used to be the palace of the emperors in the Ming and Qing dynasties．There are many splendid buildings there．The Great Wall， which is a wonder of the world，is not far from the city of Beijing．．．
（2）I am a boy of 15．I have many hobbies，of which collecting stamps is my favorite．．．
（3）New York—A traffic accident occurred on High Way 35last night．12 people were badly injured in the accident，2children included．．．
要领三：句子结构、形式要多样化，长短句搭配
初学英语的人在写英语作文时缺点之一就是句子太短，句型过于单调呆板，缺少变化。往往机械地使用“主—谓—宾”或“主—系—表”结构。由于对英语丰富多彩的表达方式不熟悉，写出的作文就像儿童作品一样幼稚。解决的方法有二：
1开头句多样化
在英语修辞学中，用主语开头的句子称为“主语领先句”（subject-first sentence）。从语法的角度讲，主语领先句并无任何错误，但在语篇中过多使用或连续使用主语领先句，在写作技巧上就是一个缺点了。为了使文章读起来生动活泼，保持平衡匀称，或突出强调某些成分，我们可以使用除主语开头以外的其他成分开头的英语句子。例如：
To the west of the city is a river，named the Juma River．（地点状语开头）
Not having received her letter，I decided to write to her again．（分词作状语开头）
Being ill，she had to stay in bed for a couple of days．（现在分词作状语开头）
To catch the early bus，I got up at 5：30，earlier than usual．（不定式作状语开头）
Big and beautiful，the campus is much better than I had expected．（adj作状语开头）
Air，water and stone，everything is made up of atoms．（同位语开头）
Excited at the result，she hurried to tell her mother about it．（分词作状语开头）
Very carefully and slowly，she stepped into the dark cave．（副词作状语开头）
American English rather than British English I like better．（宾语开头）
It wasn't until we had finished all the cleaning that we left the park and went home．（强调句型强调时间状语从句开头）
2长、短句搭配
短句是指字数（词数）不多的句子，而不论该句子的句法结构如何（简单句并非都很短，复合句也并不一定都很长。）短句便于组织和表达。用短句来表达一个信息，能迅速抓住对方（或读者）的注意力，收到一目了然、立竿见影的效果。它具有直接、清楚、有力、明快、自然的特点。同短句比较，长句能够表达更为复杂的概念，形式上显得庄重严肃，所以多出现在正式场合和书面语中。在英语作文中适当使用长句，可以表现作者驾御英语的能力和水平。长句和短句在语篇中搭配使用，既可以减少读者因为分析长句所带来的疲劳，又可以体现作者的英语写作水平，并使文章读起来自然、流畅。例如：
I have never walked down the south side of the town without being all in a dither about what was happening on the north．This is folly．
以上前边是一个长句，后边短句只用了三个词，便把自己对前述行为的态度（我那样蠢）一针见血地表达出来，中肯有力。要领四：套用句型
初级和中级英语学习者，由于缺乏对英语的熟练驾御能力，再加上没有使用高级词汇和高级句型的意识，致使他们所写的作文中多是英语简单句。为了改变这一局面，开始阶段可以采用套用常用句型的方法。学习者要整理和熟记一些最常用的复合句句型，以便在写英语作文时套用。以下是在大多数场合都可以套用的一些常用英语句型：
1．套用what从句（由what引导的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）
That is what they wanted to know．（what引导的表语从句）
I wonder what you want to do．（what引导的宾语从句）
I have no idea what they found．（what引导的同位语从句）
2．套用that引导的表语从句
The reason is that．．．;The problem is that．．． ;The question is that．．．
The fact is that．．． ;The result is that．．．
3．套用when，where，how，why等引导的表语从句
That is where we used to have our experiments．
That was when he was only a boy of 15．
That is how he has succeeded as a doctor．
That is why I didn't accept his offer．
4．套用定语从句
The computer，which has become widely used in many fields throughout the world，was invented in 1946．
Tom is my best friend，whose mother died when he was only 7．
5．套用句型It is＋形容词或过去分词＋that从句。
It is important that we（should）have a good knowledge of English grammar．
It is necessary that you（should）have a large vocabulary．
It is strange（surprising，impossible，a pity）that he should have left without notice．
It is said（reported，believed）that our team has won the game．
6．套用It seems that／as if．．．
It seems that ／as if he has found a way out．
7．套用句型It（so）happened that．．．
It so happened that he was passing by and he jumped into the icy water to save the drowning boy．
8．套用句型．．．be about to do sth．／be doing sth．＋when（suddenly）．．．
We were about to start off when suddenly the telephone rang．
She was about to cross the street when a car knocked her down．
I was walking in the street when suddenly a man rushed out of a dark corner．
9．套用强调句型It is（was）＋被强调成分＋that（指人时可用who）．．．
It was then and there that I realized what a noble man Mr Zhang was．
Where was it that you got the dictionary？
10．套用一些常用熟语
How time flies！Nearly a month has passed since I last met you．How are things with you？How are you getting on with your English study？I am looking forward to seeing you soon in Beijing．I will be expecting you at the airport．Be sure to drop in when you come to Beijing．Be sure to ring me when you arrive．I appreciate your kindness．Yours sincerely，Yours truly，．．．
His parents were grateful（thankful）tome for my help．We were just in time for the film．
Ladies and gentlemen，may I have your attention，please？That's all．Thank you．
要领五.套用英语“过渡语”
语篇是一个完整的语义单位，是依靠句子来实现的。语篇不是句子的任意堆砌，构成语篇的句子必须是相关联的。同一语篇中句子之间内容上的联系往往是通过一些连接词实现的。英语中的连接词表示的是前后句子之间或上下文之间语意上的关系而非语法关系。为了保证语篇中句子间逻辑内容的衔接和连贯，英语学习者必须掌握和熟练运用一些常用的连接词，即“过渡语”。初学者可以有意识地套用这些连接词。英语的连接词常常用于句首。英语的连接词分为四大类，分别表示上下文之间的不同连接关系。
第一、递进关系
and，and also，besides，further more，in addition，alternatively，in other words，similarly，generally，that is to say，by the way，on the other hand，for one thing．．．also．．．，by contrast。
第二、转折关系
but，yet，nevertheless，however，on the contrary，in fact，at the same time，actually，instead，rather，in any case等。
第三、因果关系
so，therefore，for this reason，as a result，in consequence，in that case等。
第四、时间顺序关系
and then ，next ，after that ，firstly ，
secondly，and finally，at once，immediately，shortly after that，two days later，at this point等。例如：
A big fire broke out．As a result，all their belongings were burnt up in the fire．
The film had already started when we arrived at the cinema．We didn't get in．
Instead，we went for a walk．
I should have offered him a hand at that moment．However，I didn't do so．
要领六. 书写规范
英语学习者要清楚地认识到“书面表达”包含“书面”和“表达”两层意思。其中“书面”指形式，表达是内容，形式是为内容服务的。但是，好的内容配上好的形式才会完美。正如好的商品需要好的包装才能卖上好价钱一样，好的作文书写美观才能得到高分。书写规范包括以下三方面要求：
第一、文章要分段
一篇100词左右的英语作文可以根据内容分为三段（开头，中间和结尾）。
第二、限制每行词数
一般在16开的纸上，每行手写10到11个英语单词比较合适。这样就能保证单词中字母大小合适，词和词之间距离适当。
第三、抄写认真
文章抄写最忌讳马虎潦草。这就要求作者要认真抄，不能连笔，要尽可能将字母写得“圆滑”，因为“圆滑”的字母较美观。美的形式加之好的内容，就能令读者赏心悦目，给作者带来好的分数。
结语：达尔文说过“最有价值的知识是关于方法的知识。”英语学习者只要按照以上方法和要领去练习写作，遵循“以审题求切题，以提纲求严密，以过渡语求条理，以变化求生动，以常用求保险”的写作原则，就一定能够在英语作文方面有所突破并取得英语作文的好成绩。
『肆』 跪求帮忙翻译英语作文！！！
试着做身边的小事
Peter发现水龙头没关，自来水流了出来，但他却装作没看见，而Mary，一个有责任心的女孩，表现出不同的态度，她跑过去关掉了水龙头。
在我看来，Mary的做法非常好，因为她随时做着一些看起来很小的事情。可能她所做的在一些人眼里很普通，但是这些事在我们的日常生活中充当着并继续充当着重要的部分。
我们每天都可以看到诸如此类的小事。比如，当我们离开教室，电灯和电脑都开着，而我们却置之不理；当我们吃正餐时，常常使用一次性筷子和塑料袋；当我们喝过饮料，吃过零食时，就理所当然地扔掉剩下的。这些场景你熟悉吗？你是不是我们以上提及的人中的一个？你有没有想过这些对环境不利的影响？
2. 根据这段文章，从1988年到2008年，交通工具发生的许多巨大变化。从1988年到2008年，汽车的使用增长得最明显。1988年，只有10%的人开车去工作，但到1998年，其中有四分之一的人拥有车，而到2008年，开车去工作的人猛增到30%。
与此同一时期，使用自行车和步行的人渐渐减少了。1988年，超过一半的工人是骑自行车或步行去上班的；1998年，这一情况仍占据40%，但是到2008年，这一人数降到了低于30%。
3.3上个星期，我们在2600个学生中做了一个关于“谁是你的偶像”的调查。结果显示，有半数的女生选择电影和电视明星作为偶像，而男生有48%的人选择运动明星。数据显示，父母在女生中排在第二位，but the for the boys。而在选择伟人时，男生和女生的比例是一样的。对我而言，Thomas Edison 是我的偶像，因为他的发明大大地改变了我们的生活。
4. 我的户外生活（...想不出更好的了）梦
这篇文章告诉我们，作者的女儿有一个特别的户外生活，作者认为户外生活对孩子非常重要，会给孩子的生活带来许多不同之处。
对我来说，我觉得我的生活单调乏味，以至于一点也不满意我的生活。因此，我想拥有自己独立的户外生活，这样可以拓宽我的眼界。户外生活有许多好处。首先，我可以学到更多的东西而不是在教室里学习。而且，户外环境给我们更健康的状态，我们可以呼吸清新的空气，(coll water?) 等等。最重要的是，这样可以让我们更容易地学习。当然，室内生活同样重要，但我们应该把时间更多地花在户外生活。生活是充满自由的。
翻译得没有什么文采，呵呵，水平有限。4不建议采纳，参考参考其他人的吧。
『伍』 翻译一篇高二英语作文(必须用上特殊句式)
We organized a discussion on the topic that what we can do to rece pollution and protect the environment.People hold different opinions.
Some people insist that no more plastic bags should be manufactured because paper bag can meet most of requirements of daily use. At the same time, some people think new-generation based vehicles like magnetic levitation train should take the place of traditional fossil fuel propelled vehicles.
In my mind, we can do something does good not only to the environment but also ourselves. For example, we can persuade the farmers use less poisonous chemicals to plant green foods. On other aspects, using clean energy sources such as water energy, solar energt and so on in stead of burning coal to generate electicity. This may help rece frequency of the acid rain. Besides, using no throwaway tablewares, no dropping garbage everywhere, walking and cycling instead of driving, these won't be difficult for any of us.
For the Earth is homeland to all human being, everyone should do something to protect this unique home.
『陆』 求英语作文万能句子~！！！明天用 ！！！有的大神速度发啊！！！
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned
2.It goes without saying that...
3.It can be said with certainty that...
4.As the proverb says，
5.It has to be noticed that...
6.It`s generally recognized that...
7.It`s likely that ...
8.It`s hardly that...
9.It’s hardly too much to say that...
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...
13.what’s far more important is that...
二.衔接句型
A case in point is ...
As is often the case...
As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
But it’s a pity that...
For all that...In spite of the fact that...
Further, we hold opinion that...
? However , the difficulty lies in...
Similarly, we should pay attention to...
? not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是
In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
? As has been mentioned above...
? In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说
? However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即
三.结尾句型
I will conclude by saying...
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...
All things considered,总而言之
It may be safely said that...
Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...
? From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….
? The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….
? It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
? From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
四.举例句型
Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明
let’s take the above chart as an example to
illustrate this.
Here is one more example.
2 高考英语作文常用句型
Take … for example.
The same is true of….
This offers a typical instance of….
We may quote a common example of….
Just think of….
五 常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.
3. I believe the title statement is valid because….
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….
8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….
9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型
和表达法
1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3. A and B differ in….
4. A differs from B in….
5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….
6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….
7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….
8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….
9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….
11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….
七 演绎法常用的句型
1． There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.
2． There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.
3 高考英语作文常用句型
3． Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.
4． Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
5． The reasons are as follows.
八 因果推理法常用句型
1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6. Overweight is caused by/e to/because of eating too much.
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.
英语写作中的句式选择,结合平时练习和所学短语及语法运用，总结如下,与大家共同探讨:
一 改变时态
例: The bell is ringing now. 一般
There goes the bell. 特殊
二 改变语态
例: People suggest that the conference be put off.一般
It is suggested that the conference be put off.特殊
三 使用不定式
例: He is so kind that he can help me.一般
He is so kind as to help me. 特殊
四 使用过去分词
例: 1 She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.一般
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab
特殊.
2 Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.一般
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 特殊
4 高考英语作文常用句型
五 使用 v- ing
1 When he arrives，please give me an e-mail．一般 On arriving /his arrival ,please give me an e-mail.特殊
2 If the weather permits ,I will come tomorrow.一般
I will come tomorrow, weather permitting. .特殊
六 使用名词性从句
1 It disappointed everybody that
he didn’t turn up.一般
The fact that he did n’ t turn up
disappointed everybody.特殊
2 I happened to have met him.一般
It happened that I had met him. 特殊
3To his surprise, the little girl knows
so many things.一般
What surprises him is that the little girl
knows so many things. 特殊
七 使用定语从句
例; The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.一般
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 特殊
八 使用状语从句
1 I won‘t believe what he says.一般
No matter what he says, I won‘t believe.特殊
2 If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.一般
You can go out on condition that you come back before six o'clock. .特殊
3 If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do? 一般 Supposing that she doesn’t agree, what shell we do ?特殊
九 使用虚拟语气
例: The ship didn't sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.一般
But for the efforts of the captain ,the ship would have sunk with all on board.特殊
十 使用倒装句型
例：Though I'm weak I'll make the effort.一般
Weak as I am, I'll make the effort. .特殊
『柒』 英语写作在英语学习中的重要性
别急 会把英语写作能力提高的
谈谈如何提高英语写作能力
关键词：英语写作能力 原则 方法
引言：英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一，英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain（1985）提出“可理解输出”假设，认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用，促进语言运用的自动化，有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作，英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化，有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是，英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一，且容易被教师忽视，笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。
一、提高英语写作能力的原则
（一）渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序，由易到难，循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段，要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯，狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后，再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等，这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。
（二）多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言，可以用回答提问的口头作文，也可以用续写故事；可以改写课文，也可以仿写课文；可以写提纲训练谋篇布局，也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言，可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文，也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。
(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论，学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识，从而了解别人的思想，再通过说和写来表达自己的思想，让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此，写与听说读紧密结合，进行多元化的能力训练，可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。
（四）控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导，控制学生的汉语语言思维，发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿，而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导，可给出范文让学生模仿，以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维，尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维，以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。
（五）持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事，而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备，要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。
二、提高英语写作能力的方法。
（一）通过积累词汇量，提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样，词汇是说话写作的必需材料，也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象，如果要写一个句子，10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出，有2
个单词用法不当，又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢？因此，在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词，记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多，各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯，可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程，要长期地坚持下去，才能不断积累大量的词汇，为英语写作打下坚实的基础。
（二）通过扩大阅读量，提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”，这是汉语的一种学习方法，同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径，同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法，有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中，教师要注意以下问题：一是指导阅读方法，分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等，帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合，通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词；通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量，扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广，才能不断扩大学生的知识面，使学生适应各种题材的写作。
（三）通过提高听说能力，提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的，提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课，多开展专门的听说训练，同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动，让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语，久而久之，学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。
（四）通过重视写作过程，提高英语写作能力。长期以来，英语写作成果教学法（THE PRODUCT
APPROACH）在我国居于主导地位，教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败，重视写作的技术性细节（如格式、拼写、语法等），忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论（Connectionism)理论，写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程，这三个过程并非是线性排列，而是循环往复，穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导，才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段，教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材，训练发散性思维，以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中，教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中，教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。
（五）通过多写英语摘要，提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来，用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文，这不是简单的摘录，而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构，从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。
（六）通过发展英语语言思维能力，提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法，通过思维进行外在化输出的创作，因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言，在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响，难以直接用英语语言进行思维，不利于英语写作能力的提高，因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练：要采取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性；要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题；要从训练形象思维开始，逐步过渡到抽象思维训练；在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释，消除汉语思维的影响；要努力创设良好的英语环境，在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。
写好英语段落的三个标准
首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise， we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much， and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country.文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences（不相关语句）而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna， and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds， but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles， swimming fifteen laps， lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby.
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides， it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100～120个词的三段式短文，每一段只有大约40个词左右，因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means， but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes， pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water， will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning， or start screaming “Help”？
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose， it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast； we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then， when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in； the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain， it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here， judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit， not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough， by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff， dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine， when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit， we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”， “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance， it looked like a skinny tube， but as we got closer， we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular， all right， but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore， we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts： a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away， we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass， unlike the tube that it was sitting on， which only had four. Inside， the tube was gloomy， because of the lack of light. Then a steep， narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker， you will， of course， not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine， your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom， your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work， the larger the organization of which you are an employee， the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization， whether it is the government， the large corporation， or the Army， this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost， it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader， hacking his way through the verbiage， simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses， or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence， so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer， in whose head the connection is clear， has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing， but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat， Prissy， with the one I had several years ago， Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy， a quiet， feminine feline， loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people， exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg， lick， or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright， eyes closed， perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry， on the other hand， loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything， whether it was decorous or not， and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable， on the top of the television， across stranger's feet or laps， in beds， drawers， sacks， closets， or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First， though， he had to get through high school， so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular， biology， chemistry， and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects， Walter became proficient in them； however， Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result， ring his junior year of high school， Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently， he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally， on June 6， Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first， though， so， in particular， and， because， however， besides， as a result， both…and， consequently， and， finally.后者依次是：he， he， his， his， he， these， them， he， those， his， he， these， his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写足四级短文所要求的120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了。我们看下面一个例子：Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture， loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语。这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds； writing， on the other hand， uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago， but written language is a recent development， invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal， while the word choice of writing， by contrast， is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from， they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture， loudness， and the rise and fall of the voice， but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie， Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him， so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house， he had waited for the heat to die down， but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run， the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever， parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
『捌』 BEC英语写作训练
- http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_97c021040100z4h9.html
学习BEC英语写作的一些感受，和你分享~BEC英语是一种特殊用途英语，它比一般的英语专业具有更强的专业性，它要求写作者不仅要具备英语语言的基础知识，还要熟悉BEC知识，能自如运用英语从事BEC活动。
1. 不断通过写作练习培养英语语法的应用能力，重视掌握有关词汇的用法，以便能运切实用有关语法和词汇去写作。这是英语写作的基础。
2. 通过大量阅读逐渐培养英语思维，并掌握一些写好句子的技巧，以便在把句子写正确的同时，不断培养用地道的英语把句子写好的能力。
3. 了解一些英语段落、篇章的组织和写作知识。所写段落与篇章均要力求连贯(coherence)和衔接(cohesion)。篇章的用词和句式在文体上一般要保持一致(unity)
在我之前学的那个商务英语写作班，它也有一个资料的免费获取，报名还赠送语法讲座视频和电子英语杂志，挺好的啊~
『玖』 外贸英语作文范文
Mr.
Your March 5 letter, thank you. We have carefully studied the socks you put on my offer advice.
Although we would like to meet your requirements, but sorry can not bargain with your request, e to our precise calculation of the price by our price, that is, our prices and other suppliers, different prices, it is because our procts The quality far more than other foreign brands in your office, purchased from us, you will benefit.
However, to help you develop business in this instry, we are prepared to give a 5% discount on the condition that you order quantity of 5,000 pairs. If this proposal is acceptable, please inform you as soon as possible quantitative.
『拾』 急急急！求一篇关于Advertisement的大学英语作文，150字左右 广告作用 广告形式多样 广告夸张性
The Power of Advertisements
Every day, it is easy to see advertisements all around us. Look around. How many different advertisements can you see?
Often procts show the name of the company that made them. This is a popular form of adver-
rising. The special picture or symbol, i.e. logo, appears on many different procts. When you see a logo, it is hard to forget that proct or company.
Many people buy a proct because it is made by a certain company. In fact, some people only buy a proct of a famous company. They think it proves that they are fashionable and have good taste.
It is common to find advertisements on TV or radio. Most advertisements are very short for people to remember. Nike,for example, has a simple slogan used all around the world:"Just do it". Advertisements often use funny situations as well. It is easy to remember an entertaining ad.
All advertisements are designed to make people buy a proct. An advertisement for a soft drink, for example,might show a group of trendy young people who are having fun. The young people are all drinking the soft drink. Adverrisers are saying to you, "Why don't you buy it and be like these people? You can be young, modern and trendy, too."
You might think that advertisements do not affect you, but the next time you buy a soft drink, ask yourself: Why am I buying this particular proct?
广告的力量
每天我们很容易在自己的身边发现各种各样的广告。向四周看一下，你能找到多少不同的广告?
通常产品都会显示其生产厂家的名称。这是一种很普遍的广告形式。各种各样的商品上出现的特殊图案或符号，叫做标识。当你见过一个标识，就很难忘记该种商品或其生产厂家。
很多人买东西是因为它出自某一特定厂家。 事实上，有些人只买某个大牌厂家出品的东西，因为他们觉得这证明他们很时尚，有品位。
广告通常出现在电视或收音机里。大多数广告都很短小便于人们记忆。例如，耐克就有一个简单却世界闻名的标语：“Just do it”(只管去做)。广告中常常利用一些有趣的情景。通常娱乐广告就很容易记忆。
所有的广告设计都是为了使人们购买商品。例如某种软饮料的广告，可能就会出现一群玩得正开心的前卫青年，这些年轻人正畅饮该种饮料。广告词会对你说：“为什么不买来尝一尝，像这些人一样呢?你也会变得年轻、时尚又前卫。”
你可能会觉得自己并没有受到广告的影响，但是，下次买饮料的时候，问一问自己：为什么我会买这种牌子的产品呢?
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Advertisement
With the development of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and more important in our daily life.
Advertisements give latest information about procts. If there were no advertising, consumers could not know about goods in their local shops. Advertising helps sell to a bigger market. Therefore, as more goods are sold they are cheapper.Advertisements also provide money for newspapers, magazines, radios and TV stations, etc..
But there are also some opinions against advertising.Some people think that advertisements do not give much information but only try to persuade you to buy. They create a demand for goods that are not really needed. Besides, advertising adds to the cost of goods. Further more, they are ugly to look at and spoil the enviroments.
Actually, every coin has two sides. Advertising is without exception. But in today's world, advertising is not only necessary but also helpful.
广告
随着物质生活的日益繁荣，广告在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
广告给我们带来关于产品的最新信息，假如没有广告，消费者对当地商店所卖的货物会一无所知。广告可以帮助扩大市场，结果货物卖得越多，价格也就越便宜。广告还可以为报纸，杂志，无线电台以及电视台提供资金。
不过也有一些反对广告的意见。有些人认为广告不但不能提供多少信息，而只是一门心思劝你买东西。他们制造出一种人们对商品需求的氛围，而实际上并没有多少人真正需要这些商品。而且广告给商品增加了成本费。再说它们看起来也不美，并且破坏视觉环境。
事实上，任何事情都有两个方面，广告也不例外。不过，在今天的世界里，广告不仅必不可少，而且还很有益处。