❶ 雅思.托福的词汇量大概是多少
考生们在平时朗诵的时候可以熟记这些托福词汇，当托福口语考试需要用到时，能运用上,助力大家能够拿到口语高分。环球教育小编就给大家介绍下托福口语高频词汇。
1.解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3.给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster
5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conce to, procure, ince, generate
16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18.降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，rece to， slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19.保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20.急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，graally，moderately，mildly
22.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23.发生：Happen, occur, take place
24.原因：Reason, factor, cause
25.发展：Development, advance, progress
26.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding， advantageous
27.影响：Influence, impact, effect
28.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
31.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely
32.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation
35.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
36.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.
❷ 英语六级题型
六级常考作文类型
通过对2000年之后的历年真题进行概括和总结，不难发现六级作文总体上包括解释现象型、解决问题型、说明利弊型和对比选择型。下面对这些作文类型逐一进行介绍。
一、解释现象型
解释现象型作文一般要求考生根据考试提纲引出某种现象，然后分析现象产生的原因，阐述其影响，并给出合理的建议。此类作文在历年真题中所占比例较大，是练习的重点之一。
1. 写作提纲
(1) 描述现象
(2) 阐述现象产生的原因，给出支持者或反对者的观点
(3) 提出建议或总结观点
2. 历年考题
2010.12 My View on University Ranking
2009.12 Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?
2008.06 Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?
2007.12 The Digital Age
2006.12(新) The Importance of Reading Classics2006.12The Celebration of Western Festivals
3. 模拟演练
The Influence of Computer on the Movie Instry
(1) 电脑和互联网给电影产业带来多种影响
(2) 阐释各种影响及原因
(3) 我的看法
专家支招
这是一个解释现象型的题目，探讨了电脑和互联网对于电影产业的影响，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段简要说明这一现象，第二段阐释各种影响及其原因，第三段提出自己的看法。② 写作时注意语言做到准确流畅，可以适当应用复合句，使文章衔接更加自然。
名师点评
The Influence of Computer on the Movie Instry
The movie instry is quite different from what it was before. It has become ① even more so with the aid of computers. Computers and the Internet have made many influences on the movie instry. ② These, however, come down to the following aspects.
First, the development of computer graphics has enabled the movies to have more terrific ③ visual effects. The digital technology can create vivid images ④ out of thin air. And the 3D picture is another breakthrough of visual enjoyment. Second, the development of personal computers and the Internet has made it easier to download piratical movies, thus the box office of movies will be impacted. However, it can also help promote movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments.
In my opinion, the further development of computer and the Internet may make more changes to the movie instry. There may be more technologies to bring us ⑤ multi-dimensional enjoyments. Maybe one day we can have totally immersive impressions of movies with the help of computer.
Analysis
① even more so用于强调当前的情况更加严重，可以用于提出话题。
② come down to表示“归结为”。
③ visual effects意为“视觉效果”，是高分表达。
④ out of thin air表示“无中生有”，属于固定搭配。
⑤ multi-dimensional意为“多维的”，可以用于有多方面意义或多角度讨论的话题。
举一反三
1. Computers and the Internet have made many influences on the movie instry.
a. Computers and the Internet have influenced the movie instry a lot.
b. Computers and the Internet have great effects on the movie instry.
2. However, it can also help promote movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments.
a. However, it can also increase the fame of movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments.
b. However, it can also contribute to the promotion of movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments.
二、解决问题型
解决问题型作文，要求考生根据考试题目中所反映或提到的问题，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施。此类作文重在考查学生解决问题的能力，因此写作时一定要具体详细地说明解决问题的方法。
1. 写作提纲
(1) 阐述问题
(2) 描述原因
(3) 给出解决途径
2. 历年考题
2008.12 How to Improve Students’ Mental Health?
3. 模拟演练
How to Prevent Drink Driving From Happening?
(1) 酒后驾驶已经成为危害公共安全的重要因素
(2) 如何最大限度地防止此类问题的发生
(3) 我的观点
专家支招
本文对于酒后驾驶这一社会热点问题进行了探讨，主要讨论如何防止此类问题的发生，是一篇需要提出解决方案的论说文，写作时应围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段提出酒后驾驶现象及其危害，第二段提出自己的解决方案，第三段总结自己的想法。② 写作时应当注意措辞准确、结构条理、正确使用衔接句。
How to Prevent Drink Driving From Happening?
Recently, there have been tremendous reports on accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals. ①The miserable tragedies have demonstrated that drink driving has become a serious problem harmful to the public security. ②Therefore, something must be done to prevent such things from happening.
③ First of all, corresponding laws and regulations should be made to clarify the definition and penalties of drink driving, so that the fear of punishment may pull drivers away from alcohol. Secondly, the administrations and media should actively promote the modification of so-called ④ “wine culture” to avoid compelled drinking, in order that the drivers may say “no” to the toast proposals. Last but not least, the inspections and monitors of the government and the society should be reinforced to immediately identify drunk drivers and prevent drivers from drinking.
In conclusion, it is the responsibility of everybody to rece drink driving to the minimum. ⑤ Only when the problem is efficiently controlled can we live more safely and comfortably.
Analysis
① demonstrate常用于阐明现象，引出主旨。
② 提出观点，something must be done也可以用we should take measures代替。
③ 提出建议。corresponding laws and regulations, pull...away from均适用于解决问题类作文。用alcohol指代饮酒以避免重复。
④ wine culture“酒文化”，有中国特色的固定表达。
⑤ Only位于句首时主句采用部分倒装语序，注意从句采用正常语序。
举一反三
Recently, there have been tremendous reports on accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals.
a. Recently, it has been tremendously reported that there are lots of accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals.
b. Recently, many reports are released on accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals.
三、说明利弊型
说明利弊型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，即要求考生比较某事物或现象的利弊，并表明自己的观点。1. 写作提纲
(1) X带来的好处
(2) X带来的问题
(3) 我的看法
2. 历年真题
2005.06 Say No to Pirated Procts
3. 模拟演练
Living in Big Cities or Medium and Small Cities?
(1) 大学毕业后有人选择留在大城市发展，有人选择去中小城市生活
(2) 在大城市和中小城市工作、生活的利弊
(3) 我的选择及原因
专家支招
这是一个说明利弊型的题目，探讨了大学毕业生就业选择的问题，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段简要说明这一现象，即有人毕业后选择留在大城市发展，有人选择去中小城市生活;第二段具体说明在大城市与在中小城市工作、生活的利弊;第三段说明自己的选择及看法。② 写作时注意文章结构清晰，思路明确，可适当使用表示并列或递进关系的词组，使文章衔接自然。
名师点评
Living in Big Cities or Medium and Small Cities?
① We can not choose where we were born, but we can choose where we live ring the whole life. ② That’s why after graation, some students want to stay in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, while some others might long to live in medium and small cities like Yantai and Ningbo.
When referring to the city they’d like to live, different college graates have different choices. ③ Some insist that big cities are their favorites because there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient. ③ In addition, they believe that their horizons will be broadened and their potentials will be fully exploited before so many challenges. ④ However, there are a large part of people choosing to live in medium and small cities. ⑤ Firstly, less pressure there will make them live much more comfortable. ⑤ Secondly, the air is fresher than big cities. Therefore, it will be beneficial to their health.
⑥ Personally speaking, I’d rather choose to go to big cities because personal development ⑦ rather than comfort is what I have been pursuing.
Analysis
① 描述背景。
② 表语从句描绘出大学毕业生的不同选择。
③ 分三点详述留在大城市发展的优势：更多机会、开阔眼界、开发潜能。
④ 引出相反的观点。
⑤ 层次分明，结构清晰。
⑥ 表达自己的观点。
⑦ “而不是”。
举一反三
Some insist that big cities are their favorites because there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient.
a. Some think that big cities are their favorites for the reason that there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient.
b. Some hold on the opinion that big cities are their favorites considering there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient.
四、对比选择型
在六级作文中，对比选择型的题目要求非常明确且富有针对性。这类作文一般以问题的形式或两者选一的形式出现，要求考生对两种观点或做法进行比较，然后表明自己的看法，并且给出理由。写这类作文最关键的一点就是在表明个人观点的同时，还要给出支撑观点的充分理由。
1. 写作提纲
(1) 有些人认为(支持)
(2) 也有些人认为(反对)
(3) 我的看法
2. 历年考题
2009.06 On the Importance of a Name
2007.06 Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?
3. 模拟演练
Tradition and Modernization
(1) 有人认为传统文化应当尽可能保留
(2) 有人认为牺牲传统文化来发展现代文化是值得的
(3) 我认为
专家支招
这是一个阐释对立观点型的题目，文章讨论了是否应当牺牲传统文化来发展现代化的问题，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段阐明保留传统文化的作用和观点，第二段说明传统与现代化的冲突并权衡利弊，第三段提出自己的观点。② 写作时注意语言做到准确流畅，可以适当应用复合句，使文章衔接自然。
名师点评
Tradition and Modernization
The process of modernization today is even greater than before. It is unavoidable that some achievements are made ① at the cost of tradition. Many people believe that tradition should be reserved to the largest extent. On the one hand, they think that the tradition is the ② cream of history with perfect conclusion and abstraction, and thus it should be followed. On the other hand, we should keep our own traditional characteristics as a culture, so that we can find our own position in a world of ③ diversity.
However, some people believe that it is worthwhile to abandon tradition for modernization. In the first place, they view the history as a ④ linear course moving forward, and outdated concepts must be timely eliminated. In the second place, they believe that civilization is more important, and should be realized ⑤ at all costs.
As far as I am concerned, we should sort out the universal truth in our tradition and stick to them. But we should also selectively put down some traditions for a better life.
Analysis
① at the cost of表示“以……为代价”，可以用于表示牺牲某些东西来实现目的。
② 可以用cream来表示“精华”，可以指人或物，表达简洁准确。③ 表示多样性的时候可以用diversity或者variety。
④ linear一词可以用于描述一切线性或单向发展的过程，在描述与时空相关的内容时也可以使用。
⑤ at all costs表示“不惜一切代价”，可用于强调话题的重要性。
举一反三
1. It is unavoidable that some achievements are made at the cost of tradition.
a. It is inevitable that some achievements are made at the cost of tradition.
b. It cannot be avoided that some achievements are made at the cost of tradition.
2. However, some people believe that it is worthwhile to abandon tradition for modernization.
a. However, some people believe that it is worthy to abandon tradition for modernization.
b. However, some people believe that it is rewarding to abandon tradition for modernization.
2012年12月大学英语六级写作经验谈
分享到： 2012年11月28日15:36 可可英语 【发表评论】
摘要：2012年12月大学英语六级考试迫在眉睫，今天为同学献上六级写作的经验方法。
距离2012年12月四六级考试越来越近，现在正是四六级考生复习冲刺的黄金时期。为了助大家取得好成绩，新东方在线四六级频道为考生网罗了四六级辅导名师，整合了各题型备考资料，给你一站式学习体验。
[马上进入2012年12月四六级备考专题：四级复习备考 六级复习备考 免费在线模考 ]
一、 英语六级长短句原则。
工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
重磅阅读
2012年12月英语六级考试强化备考
六级备考策略：最新 最全
• [六级]英语六级考试写作备考加分句型
• [六级]六级阅读主旨题答题技巧及实战演练
• [六级]英语四六级考试强化备考：阅读篇
• [六级]六级强化备考：别小看单词和语法
• [六级]六级写作万能文章结构与思路
二、 英语六级主题句原则。
国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成"群龙无首"之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly
三、英语六级 一二三原则。
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点... 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的"标签"来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗) 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗) 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！
四、 英语六级短语优先原则。
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点-精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、 英语六级多实少虚原则。
原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六、 英语六级多变句式原则。
1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友..。可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！ The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away..。
5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、 英语六级挑战极限原则
既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!