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英语定语从句口语活动

发布时间:2021-03-07 08:39:21

① 英语定语从句讲解

一、什么是英语从句?
要回答这个问题,先要弄清楚两个小问题:

1、什么叫英语的句子
一般情况下,英语句子中必定有一个主语和谓语,或者说,有主语和谓语组成的句子就是句子。例如:
Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school.
Many trees were planted last spring.

2、英语句子的成份
英语的句子中,不仅只有主语和谓语,还有其它的句子成份,其中最主要的成份有:主语、谓语、宾语、状语、定语等。这几种成份在句子的位置大致是:
(状语) + (定语)主语(定语) + (状语)谓语(状语) + (定语)宾语(宾语补足语) + (状语)
也就是,定语一般位于主语和宾语的前后;状语一般位于谓语的前后;及物动词后一般接宾语和宾语补足语。有一点请注意:英语句子中状语的位置非常灵活,它在句首、句中、句末都可以。
3、什么是英语的从句
在明白了英语句子的成份之后,再来讨论英语从句就比较简单了。因为,什么叫从句呢?就是英语句中的某一成份不是一个单词或词组,而是一个句子,那么这个担任成份的句子就叫从句。如果定语是一个句子,它就叫定语从句;如果宾语是一个句子,它就是宾语从句。依此类推。例如:
The boy and the dog [that are in the picture ] are very lovely. (括号中that开始的句子就是定语从句)
We revisited the village [where we had worked before.] (括号中where引导的句子也是定语从句)
He learned [that this was a hard work (which must be finished in a week.)] (这句里有两个从句,方括号由that引导的是宾语从句;在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个由which引导的定语从句。)

因此,对于一个比较复杂的较长的英语句子来说,它就可能存在几个句子,即主句和担任各种成份的从句。从这个角度看,也可以说从句是句子中的句子。

二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
内容提要

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物

② 英语定语从句

看完你问的问题,我觉得你是很不熟悉定语从句的概念,我发定语从句的法则给你吧.你慢慢看,里面有例子,你看了还不能明白可以问我.

一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三.关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

③ 关于英语中定语从句的知识点

关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示 出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

④ 关于英语的定语从句

She is a student in the room .
Who wears a dress is a student in the room. 主语从句
She who wears a dress is a student in the room. 同位语从句
She is a student who is wearing a dress in the room. 定语从句
She is who wears a dress learning in the room. 表语从句

She learns English in the room .
She learns what can be used in future . 宾语从句

⑤ 英语中定语从句的用法

定语从句

定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错:

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one

答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

介词+关系词

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. whichD. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it

答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. thatB. whichC. as D. it

答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如:

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。

例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

先行词和关系词二合一

1) Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2) The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如:

What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。

2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如:

(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.

(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法,与庶民同罪。

(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。

3) that 和 what

当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句,用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。例如:

I think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。

What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。

关系代词that 的用法

1)不用that的情况

a) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如:

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。例如:

We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

b)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。

d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.

e)先行词既有人,又有物时。例如:

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

⑥ 英语 定语从句 如何学

你要是愿意看完 应该能有进步 不行的话你M我 我来跟你说说

who和whom在定语从句中作关系代词时:
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略

关系代名词的用法
1. 什麼叫做关系代名词?
兼有「代名词」与「连接词」等双重作用的代名词,叫做「关系代名词」。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about.
关系代名词?代替名词girl
上例中,who叫做「关系代名词」,因为who代替名词(girl),故含有代名词的作用。再看who,它连接前面的子句(I saw the girl),又连接后面的子句(you talked about),故含有「连接词」的作用。
2. 关系代名词的格
关系代名词分成三格,今将其变化,列表如下:

先行词 主格 所有格 受格
人 who whose whom
动物;事物 which whose (=of which) which
人;动物;事物 that 没有 that
3. 什麼叫做先行词与形容词子句?
(1) 关系代名词所代替的名词或代名词,叫做「先行词(或称前述词))。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. (我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)
(先行词) (关系代名词,代替名词girl)
(2) 原则上,关系代名词与先行词须前后紧接在一起,「不可」分开。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. ……………(O)
(我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)?girl与who紧接一起。
I saw the girl you talked about who. ……………(X)
(3) 关系代名词所引导的子句,叫做「形容词子句(或称关系子句)」,它用於修饰先行词。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. (我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)
名词 形容词子句
4. who, whose, whom的用法
(一)who的用法:
who当主格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面接「动词」,who可用that 代替,形式如下:
形式1 先行词(人)+who(或that)+动词….
例:I like the boy who (that) has short hair.
人 who 动词
(我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)?who是主格,后接动词has。
☆注意一:who是「主格」关系代名词,在句中「不可」省略。
例:I like the boy who has short hair. ……………(O)
I like the boy has short hair. ……………(X)
(我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)?who不可省略。
☆注意二:who后面所接的动词,必须和先行词「一致」。
例:I like the boy who has short hair. (我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)
?先行词是第三人称单数,故取单数动词has,以求一致。
I like the boys who have short hair. (我喜欢留短发的那些男孩。)
?先行词boys是复数,故取复数动词have。
(二)whose(某人的)的用法:
whose当所有格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面须接「名词」,不可用that代替,形式如下:
形式2 先行词(人)+whose+名词 ….
例:The man whose eyes are big is Mr. Wu. (有著大眼睛的那位男士是吴先生。)
人 whose名词
例:I have a friend whose father is a doctor. (我有一位朋友,他的父亲是医生。)
人 whose 名词
(三)whom的用法:
whom当受格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面接含有「及物动词」或「不及物动词+介系词」的子句,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式3 先行词(人)+whom(或that)+主词+及物动词(或不及物动词+介系词)+….
例:The girl whom(that) I like is right there. (我喜欢的那女孩就在那里。)
人 whom 主词 及物动词
例:The man whom(that) you were talking about is my husband. (你在谈论的那位男士是我的丈夫。)
人 whom 主词 不及物动词 介系词
☆注意三:whom是「受格」关系代名词,在句中可「省略」。
例:The girl (whom) I like is right there. (我喜欢的女孩就在那里。)?whom可省略(因当受格)。
☆注意四:whom的前面如有「介系词」,则whom「不可」省略,请比较以下两例:
例:The man (whom) you were talking about is my husband. ?whom可省略,因前面没有介系词。
例:The man about whom you were talking is my husband. ?whom不可省略,因前面出现介系词
about。
☆注意五:whom的前面「没有」介系词时,在「口语」中,whom可用who代替。
例:The girl whom I like is right there. ……………(O)
The girl who I like is right there. ……………(O)

5. which,whose的用法
(一)which的用法
which当主格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接「动词」,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式4 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+动词 ….
例:Do you like the cat which(that) is under the chair?(你喜欢椅子下那只猫吗?)
物 which 动词
☆注意一:which如当「主格」关系代名词,在句中「不可」省略。
例:Do you like the cat which is under the chair? ……………(O)?which当主词,不可省略。
Do you like the cat is under the chair? ……………………(X)
(二)whose的用法:
whose(某物的)当所有格,前面的先行词接「事物或动物」,后面接「名词」,可用“of which”代替,但「不可」用that,形式如下:
形式5 先行词(事物;动物)+whose+名词 ….
= 先行词(事物;动物)+名词+of which….
例:The house whose door is red is mine.
物 whose 名词
= The house the door of which is red is mine.
(门是红色的那栋房子是我的。)
(三)which的用法:
which当受格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接含有「及物动词」或「不及物动词+介系词」的子句,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式6 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+主词+及物动词(或不及物动词+介系词).
例:Tina enjoys the food which(that) her mother cooks. (蒂娜喜欢她妈妈做的食物。)
物 which 主词 及物V
例:David knows the music which(that) you listen to. (大卫懂你听的音乐。)
物 which 主词 不及物+介系词
☆注意二:which如当「受格」关系代名词。在句中可「省略」。
例:Tina enjoys the food (which) her mother cooks. ?which当受词,可省略。
☆注意三:which的前面如有「介系词」,则which「不可」省略。
例:David knows the music (which) you listen to. ?which可省略,因前面不接介系词。
David knows the music to which you listen. ?which不可省略,因前面接有介系词to。

6. 复合关系代名词what的用法
what在文法上可当复合关系代名词,用以指「事物」,它相当於the thing(s)[先行词]+which[关系代名词],或all that,因为what本身已含有先行词,故在句中,如「没有」先行词出现时,须用复合关系代名词what。
例:This is what I need. ?what=东西;事情
= This is the thing which I need. ?what的前面没有先行词。
(这是我需要的东西。)

7. 关系代名词that的特殊用法
有下列情形者,常用(并非绝对)that。
(一) 先行词前面有「最高级」形容词时,常用that。
例:This is the best movie (that) I have ever seen. ?that是受格,可省略。
(这是我曾经看过最好的电影。)
(二) 先行词是「人and动物」或「人and事物」时,常用that。
例:I saw Tom and his dog that were walking in the park.
人 动物
(我看见汤姆带著他的狗在公园散步。)
(三) 先行词前面有「序数」如the first(第一)…the last(最后)时,常用that。
例:He is the first boy that came this morning. ?that是主格,不可省略。
(他是今天早上最先到的男孩。)
(四) 先行词前面有all(所有),no(没有),every(每一),any(任何),the only(唯一的),the same(同样的),the very(正是)等,常用that。
例:He is the only boy that can do it. ?that是主格,不可省略。
(他是唯一会做这件事的男孩。)
例:He is the very man (that) I met yesterday. ?that是受格,可省略。
(五) 疑问句的开头是who,which,what等,常用that。因为要避免“Who…who…?”或“Which…which…?”的重复。
例:Who is the boy that is wearing glasses? ?that是主格,不可省略。
(戴眼镜的男孩是谁?)
8. 不可使用关系代名词that的场合
(一) 「介系词」如in(或on,at…)后面不可使用关系代名词that。
例:This is the house which(或that) he lives in. …………… (O)
This is the house he lives in. ………………………………(O)
This is the house in which he lives. ………………………(O)
This is the house in that he lives. …………………………(X)
(二) that(那个)如果当「指示形容词」,则前面可接介系词。
例:He lives in that house with his parents. ?that=那个,是指示形容词。
(他跟他的父母住在那栋房子。)
(三) 「逗号」后面不可使用关系代名词that。
例:John, who is your good friend, can help you. ?注意逗点后面,不用that。
(约翰是你的好朋友,他会帮助你。)
(四) 先行词是people(人),those(那些人)时,关系代名词用who,不可使用that。
例:People who can use their time well are happy.
(凡是会善用他们时间的人是快乐的。)
9. 限定的形容词子句与补述的形容词子句之区别
(一) 如果先行词「没有明确」指出,就用限定的形容词子句。它的前面「没有逗点」。
例:My elder brother who is in America will come back to Taiwan tomorrow.
(我在美国的哥哥明天要回到台湾来。)
=>who前面「没有」逗号,是限定用法,意指「哥哥不只一个」。
(二) 如果先行词「已经明确」指出,就用补述的形容词子句。它的前面「有逗点」。
例:My elder brother, who is in America, will come back to Taiwan tomorrow.
(我的哥哥明天要回到台湾来,他现在在美国。)
=>who前面「出现」逗号,是补述用法,意指「哥哥只有一个」。

形容词片语的用法
※ 形容词片语的意义、用法与位置
(一) 介系词片语可由「介系词+名词」结合而成,在文法上当「形容词」用。
(二) 此形容词片语通常放在名词或代名词(如one)的「后面」修饰。
例:I don’t like the cat on the floor. ?形容词片语(on the floor)修饰名词(the cat)。
(我不喜欢地板上的那只猫。)
例:I know the boy in a red jacket. ?形容词片语in a red jacket修饰名词boy。
(我认识穿红色夹克的那位男孩。)
例:Who is the one with big eyes? ?with big eyes修饰代名词one。
= Who is the one who has big eyes?
(有大眼睛的那位是谁?)
(三) 形容词片语和形容词子句一样,都可放在名词的「后面」,加以修饰。有时两者可作代换。
例:We all like the girl in a white dress. ?形容词片语。
= We all like the girl who is wearing a white dress. ?形容词子句。
(我们都喜欢穿著白色洋装的那位女孩。)
作定语的句子就叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰、限定的词叫先行词。定语从句通常跟在和它发生关系的先行词之后,它与先行词有着不可分割的联系。它通常是由关系代词(who,whom, whose,that,which,as)和关系副词(where,when,why, how)来引导。关系代词、关系副词在从句中需担当成分,但无实际意义。初中阶段我们只要理解who,that,which这几个关系代词所引导的定语从句即可。

1.关系代词who。关系代词who在从句中作主语,它的先行词是指人的名词或代词。例如:

(1)Find the boy who is wearing a red shirt.找出穿红衬衫的那个男孩。(先行词是 the boy)

(2)He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(先行词是He)

2.关系代词that。关系代词that在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时,that可省略。它的先行词可以是指物的名词或代词,也可以是指人的名词或代词。例如:

(1)She told her mother all that had happened.她把所发生的事情都告诉了她的母亲。(先行词是all,that在从句中作主语)

(2)I'll buy you the bike(that)you saw in the shop yesterday.我要给你买昨天你在商店里看到的那辆自行车。(先行词是the bike, that在从句中作宾语)

(3)The village is no longer the village that it was before.这个村子不再是从前的那个村子了。(先行词是the village,that在从句中作表语)

(4)He that wants to eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子的就得爬树。(先行词是指人的代词he,that在从句中作主语)

3.关系代词which。关系代词 which在从句中作主语或宾语,其先行词是指物的名词或代词。例如:

(1)They first went to a large room which looked like a shop.他们首先到一个很大的看起来像个商店的房间去了。(先行词是指物的名词a large room, which在句中作主语)

(2)Have you got anything which you'd like to buy?你有想要买的东西吗?(先行词是指物的代词anything,which在从句中作宾语)

1 which +动词或者主词
which当主格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接「动词」,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式4 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+动词 ….
例:Do you like the cat which(that) is under the chair?(你喜欢椅子下那只猫吗?)

2 whose +名词

例:The house whose door is red is mine.
物 whose 名词
= The house the door of which is red is mine.

3 whom + 主词

4 who +作主语接动词

⑦ 英语定语从句引导词用法

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which都是关系代词,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语等成分。现就该单元语法who,
whom,
whose,
that和which引导的限制性定语从句进行讲解。
一、who,
whom引导的定语从句
who和whom引导定语从句时,先行词必须是指人的名词或代词。who在从句中作主语或宾语等,口语中可用that代替who,作宾语时不能直接放在介词后面;whom在从句中作及物动词的宾语或介词宾语,口语中常可用who
/
that代替,也可省略;但在"介词+whom"引导定语从句时,不能用who
/
that代替,也不可省略,介词要依据从句中的谓语动词来确定。
二、whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose是who的所有格形式,
既可指人也可指物,
whose后面应跟名词...定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which都是关系代词,在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语等成分。现就该单元语法who,
whom,
whose,
that和which引导的限制性定语从句进行讲解。
一、who,
whom引导的定语从句
who和whom引导定语从句时,先行词必须是指人的名词或代词。who在从句中作主语或宾语等,口语中可用that代替who,作宾语时不能直接放在介词后面;whom在从句中作及物动词的宾语或介词宾语,口语中常可用who
/
that代替,也可省略;但在"介词+whom"引导定语从句时,不能用who
/
that代替,也不可省略,介词要依据从句中的谓语动词来确定。
二、whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose是who的所有格形式,
既可指人也可指物,
whose后面应跟名词,
即"whose
+
n."引导定语从句,也可用"the+n.+of+which"代替,引导定语从句起修饰限制名词、充当定语的作用。
三、that引导的定语从句
a.
当先行词是指人或指物时,均可用关系代词that,指人可与who
/
whom互换,指物可与which互换,在从句中作主语或宾语等,作宾语时常省略。
b.
无论先行词是指人还是指物,that都不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。
四、which引导的定语从句
which引导定语从句时,其先行词通常指物,在句中作主语、宾语等,作宾语时常省略,也可跟在介词后面作介词宾语。

⑧ 如何利用定语从句帮助雅思口语提分

定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词:关系代词,关系副词起连词作用,本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语 起连词作用,本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语 who, whom, that, whose, which, as when, where, why.

①(名词或代词) is the kind of (person/place/thing…) who (which/that) is…

②(名词或代词) is a (person/ place…) who (which) gives you the impression of being…

③(名词或代词)is one of the most (形容词) (名词) I have ever seen/met/known.

④(地点名称) is a place where you can do sth.

⑤(时间名词) is a day (occasion/the time) when you do sth.

例如:

He is truly helpful. 他很乐于助人。

a. He is the kind of guy who is truly helpful.

b. He always gives others the impression of being someone who is truly helpful.

Suzhou is ancient but also modern. 苏州不仅具有古老的文化底蕴,还颇有现代气息。

a. Suzhou is the kind of city which gives you the impression of being both ancient and modern.

b. Suzhou is a place where you can appreciate both the ancient culture and modern city lifestyle.

The film is interesting. 这是一部有趣的电影。

a. This is one of the most interesting films I have ever seen.

b. This is the kind of movie which blows your mind.

说明:雅思 口语话题频繁涉及人物,地点,物品,事件四大类,上表中的原句是在回答此类问题时多数考生使用的句型。其缺陷是过于简短,一不能体现语法优势,二不能凑字数争取时间。而套用句型后的表达效果就明显不一样了。可见,定语从句的使用在口语中可以起到包装,修饰的作用。

⑨ 英语 现实生活在形容一个人的时候用定语从句 口语化的时候带WHO,WHAT那些词吗 谢谢

英语形容一个人的时候通常是:I am alone, 或He\ She is alone.

⑩ 怎么把英语从句口语化

宾语从句陈述句会省略that 定语从句如果介词后移或关系词在从句中做宾语省略关系词主干部分不会差太多

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