1. 09年公共英语答案
参考答案：（专业人士亲自做的，正确率应该能在95%左右）
听力：42312 43121 22314 42411 34112
46-50 adccd
51-55 bcbab
56-60 ccdca
61-65 deacb
cloze:
33424 42311 43224 32143
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以下是真题。
SECTION II Use of English
(15 minutes)
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The United States is a confederation of states. Each state has the 26 to make
laws with regard to the state. 27 , based on public opinion, states can 28
policies regarding ecation, and they may 29 a state income tax; they also
determine the speed 30 , housing codes, and the drinking age.
In most parts of the United States, you 31 be 21 years old to buy alcohol in
a liquor store, bar, 32 restaurant. In some states you may buy beer in a grocery
store. If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the 33 of the store is usually 34 a
large sum of money.
35 , many areas have an open-container law, 36 means that people may
not drink alcohol on the street or in a car. Anyone 37 with an open container of
alcohol may be arrested.
38 , with all of these laws, the 39 of alcohol is a serious 40 in the
United States and Canada. Drinking on college campuses, 41 there are many
underage drinkers has 42 greatly. In fact, alcohol sales have gone up 43 the
legal drinking age was 44 from 18 to 21. Some people believe that if there were
no legal drinking age, 45 in some other countries, North American youth would
drink less.
26. [A] privilege [B] advantage [C] right [D] tradition
27. [A] As a result [B] For example [C] In other words [D] In this case
28. [A] demand [B] disagree [C] discuss [D] determine
29. [A] collect [B] issue [C] demand [D] implement
30. [A] limit [B] control [C] rule [D] regulation
31. [A] can [B] shall [C] may [D] must
32. [A] and [B] or [C] also [D] not
33. [A] clerk [B] salesperson [C] owner [D] host
34. [A] fined [B] charged [C] punished [D] suffered
35. [A] In addition [B] In fact [C] In reality [D] In general
36. [A] that [B] this [C] it [D] which
37. [A] exposed [B] suspected [C] caught [D] detected
38. [A] Nevertheless [B] Anyway [C] Moreover [D] Therefore
39. [A] application [B] consumption [C] expenditure [D] usage
40. [A] condition [B] crisis [C] question [D] problem
41. [A] though [B] as [C] where [D] which
42. [A] raised [B] increased [C] peaked [D] climaxed
43. [A] when [B] since [C] before [D] after
44. [A] shifted [B] upgraded [C] uplifted [D] changed
45. [A] same [B] for [C] as [D] similar
SECTION III READING
Text 1
A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprise
sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects p
a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by fir
house in San Francisco that looked much alike and had
middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately t
The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia
in Appleyard’s terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM stre
cars a day, and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.
Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day.
Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash
secondarily. That is, the cars didn’t bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated,
residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reced the amount of
territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.
Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. Most families with children had already left.
Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin.
On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved. And more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.
46. Appleyard’s study focuses on the influence of .
[A] traffic volume on the residents
[B] rate of crime on the neighborhood
[C] social classes on the transportation
[D] degree of pollution on the environment
47. Appleyard discovered that increase in the volume of traffic .
[A] made people more violent
[B] would lead to increase in crime
[C] was accompanied by increase in crime
[D] had the same effect on people as increase in crime
48. The author’s main purpose in the second paragraph is to .
[A] discuss the problem of handling trash
[B] suggest ways to cope with traffic problems
[C] point out the disadvantages of heavy traffic
[D] propose an alternative system of transprotation
49. People on Gough Street .
[A] felt sorry that their block had been pulled down
[B] felt indifferent about people moving out
[C] thought their old community was gone
[D] thought mostly of themselves
50. What can we learn about Franklin Street?
[A] It is not a nice neighborhood for children.
[B] People often throw trash out as they drive through.
[C] People there have made friends with people on Octavia.
[D] People there own twice as many cars as people on Gough Street.
Test 2
Imagine, if you will, the average games player. What do you see? A guy who never grew up? Or a nervous 18-year-old pushing buttons on his controller, lost and alone in a violent onscreen world? Sorry, you lose. The average gamer is starting to look pretty much like the average person. For the first time, according to a U.S. poll commissioned by AOL Games, roughly half of those surveyed, ages 12 to 55, are tapping away at some kind of electronic game － whether on a PC, a cell phone or another handheld device － for an average of three hours every week.
The games people play say a lot about who they are. Machines like the Xbox and PlayStation 2 are largely the territory of twenty-something men, who prefer to picture themselves as sports stars and racing drivers. Men 50 and older prefer military games. Teenage girls are much more likely than boys to play games on their phone, while older women make up the majority of people playing card games such as Hearts on line.
Is it a good thing, all this time spent on games? Or is it as harmful as television, pulling people ever further from reality? The AOL survey suggests some players are in denial about the extent of their habit. One in 10 gamers finds it impossible to resist games; 1 in 4 admits to losing a night’s sleep to play games; and another quarter has been too absorbed to have meals.
But don’t think we’re all heading into a world with everyone plugged into, if not totally controlled by, his own game. Quite the contrary: gamers appear to be more engaged with reality than other kinds of couch potatoes. According to a comprehensive survey by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA – whose members, of course, want you to think video games are healthy), gamers spend an average of 23 hours a week volunteering and going to church, concerts, museums and other cultural events. More enthusiastic gamers who play 11 hours a week or more spend ever more time out in the cultural world (34 hours).
51. The AOL survey finds that electronic games .
[A] do not present a violent onscreen world
[B] no longer keep gamers from growing up
[C] are no longer exclusive to young people
[D] are not as popular with teenagers as before
52. Who does the author say tend to identify themselves with the characters in the game?
[A] Teenage girls.
[B] Older women.
[C] Men in their 20s.
[D] Men 50 and older.
53. When asked about the extent of their habit, some players .
[A] refused to provide an answer to this question
[B] denied they were affected by electronic games
[C] wondered why they were asked such a question
[D] stressed their interest in playing electronic games
54. It can be inferred from the text that .
[A] electronic games are less harmful than television
[B] television viewers are more realistic than gamers
[C] television is more popular than electronic games
[D] gamers have less self-control than TV viewers
55. According to the writer, the ESA members .
[A] have sufficient knowledge of games
[B] think their games are healthy procts
[C] serve as the role models for game players
[D] are concerned about gamers’ cultural activities
Text 3
The ostrich, the largest bird in the world at present, lives in the drier regions of Africa outside the actual deserts. Because of its very long, powerful legs and the floating effect of its extended wings, it is able to run at great speed over considerable distances.
The female ostrich normally proces about twenty eggs every rainy season. When the female ostrich begins to lay her eggs, however, she does not begin in her own nest. Instead she goes off in search of the nests of neighboring females and lays two or three eggs in each of them. By the time she has laid eight or nine eggs, she returns and lays the rest in her own nest.
Because of the size of the eggs, the female ostrich cannot lay more than one every two days, so it takes her three weeks to finish laying in her own nest. During that period, she spends a lot of time away from her nest looking for food. And while she is off her nest, other females visit it to lay their eggs amongst hers. By the time she is ready to sit on the eggs to hatch them, there could be up to thirty eggs in her nest, over half of which are not her own.
The female ostrich can comfortably cover only about twenty eggs when she is sitting on the nest so before settling down she pushes the surplus ten or so eggs out of the nest. The rejected eggs, however, never include any of her own. Each female is remarkably consistent in the size and shape of the eggs she proces, so it is not difficult for her to distinguish her own from those of strangers.
Of all the eggs laid by a colony of ostriches, only a very small number hatch into young birds. There are times when nests are left unprotected, for there are too few males to sit on all the nests at night. Thus there are ample opportunities for their natural enemies to raid the nests and eat the eggs. In fact, nearly 80% of the nests are destroyed. But even if a particular female’s nest suffers this fate, there is a good chance that one or two of her eggs will be hatched in the nest of one of her neighbors.
56. We learn from the text that an ostrich can go a long distance at high speed as .
[A] it is a special kind of bird
[B] it lives in large desert areas
[C] it has special wings and legs
[D] it is the largest bird in the world
57. Normally, in every rainy season, the female ostrich proces about .
[A] 12 eggs in her nest
[B] 18 eggs in her nest
[C] 20 eggs in her nest
[D] 30 eggs in her nest
58. The female ostrich would push some of the eggs out of her nest because .
[A] she can only hatch her own eggs
[B] those eggs are unlikely to be hatched
[C] those eggs are to be hatched by others
[D] she can only hatch a limited number of eggs
59. The female ostrich identifies her own eggs by their size and .
[A] color
[B] number
[C] shape
[D] weight
60. The female ostrich lays her eggs in her neighbors’ nests most probably because .
[A] her nest is not big enough
[B] she cannot protect all her eggs
[C] she cannot tolerate all her eggs
[D] her nest is not comfortable enough
Part B
Directions:
Read the opinions given by five scholars on challenges facing today’s single women. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each scholar to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Timothy Constance
What the women I spoke with said was that they want a husband who is independent and dedicated to his career, but that he doesn’t have to make a lot of money. The emphasis was always on finding a best friend – a soul mate – someone you could tell all your troubles to and who would be supportive. So it doesn’t seem to be the case that these women were looking fro super high-achieving men.
Grise Levison
I think that for women, as well as for men, the standard for someone who you’d want to spend your life with depends much more today on emotional intimacy. It takes some trial and error and a pretty long and dedicated search to identify the kind of person who is emotionally matching you and who is able to communicate and listen to trouble talk.
Marry Brown
In recent decades girls have been raised to be more competitive and stronger than they were in the past. Several women I talked to mentioned that in their life they felt that their intelligence or intellectual achievement seemed to work against them in their romantic relationships with men. However, most of the women I interviewed felt that there were some men “out there” who would be attracted to smart women. The problem was finding them.
Donna smith
I think, for the women I talked to, their ultimate sense of what they want in life includes family and children, but they aren’t willing to think about the fact that they therefore will probably have to give up some of their own indivial pursuits and career goals. I think the definition of success includes both love and work, and that the challenge is how to arrange that in a particular order.
Elizabeth Budy
I think that people who have done at least some of the things that are essential for a wise judgment about a partner are more likely to eventually end up in a stable marriage. It’s also true that they’re likely to marry someone who is similar to them in ecation and earning power, which means that those marriages are likely to have more money in them.
Now match the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
61. Timothy Constance [A] Career success is in fact not a disadvantage.
62. Grise Levison [B] The ability to choose a right partner ensures a stable marriage.
63. Marry Brown [C] How to balance career with family is key to success.
64. Donna Smith [D] The essential part of marriage is the union of soul.
65. Elizabeth Budy [E] Finding an emotionally intimate mate isn’t a piece of cake.
[F] Career success ensures a solid marriage.
[G] Social assistance is needed for today’s single women.
SECTION IV Writing
(40 minutes)
Directions:
You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Part A
66. Your friend Li Ming has written to invite you to go to his hometown together with him and you are willing to accept his invitation.
Write a reply to Li Ming,
1) to express your appreciation and acceptance of his invitation;
2) to ask about his schele for the trip;
3) to ask about what necessary preparations you need to make.
You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of your letter. Use “Wang Lin” instead. You do not need to write the address.
Part B
67. Below is a picture showing rubbish left in a park. Look at the picture and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points:
1) a description of the picture;
2) your comment on this picture and suggested solutions to the problem.
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不容易啊，满意给分！！！
绝对原创DEVIL/绝爱出品
2. 哪里有09年考研英语答案解析 最好有阅读翻译
2009年考研英语试题答案解析
答案解析：
1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”， suppose表示“假设”， observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”， Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。
2. A.本题考查动词短语，happen to(碰巧)，fear to(唯恐…)，be threatened to被恐吓…。tend to do表示“有…倾向，往往…”，代入文中表示比较聪明的果蝇往往寿命较短。
3. D.本题考查形容词， lighter更轻的，thinner更瘦的，stabler更稳定的，dimmer比较暗淡的，本句是前一句推出的结论，即由“果蝇越聪明寿命越短”推出 “灯泡越暗使用时间越长”。
4. B.本题考查名词。由前半句“灯泡越暗使用时间越长”推出“这是不特别亮的灯泡的一个优点”。tendency倾向，advantage优势，inclination倾向，priority优先权。
5. C.本题考查动词短语，turns out证明是，insist on坚持，sum up总结，put forward提出。
6. A.本题考查介词， off表示离开。代入文中表示离开起点时。
7. D.incredible难以置信的，spontaneous自发的，inevitable不可避免的，graal渐进的。学习是一个渐进的过程，所以选graal.
8. C.本文的主旨是智力需要昂贵的代价。大量的物种会学习，但它们首先学会的是知道什么时候停止学习，与上文的例子灯泡呼应。四个选项中， fight表示斗争，doubt表示怀疑，stop表示停止，think表示思考，正确答案为C
9. B.本题考查形容词，修饰intelligence。 invisible看不见的， indefinite不确定的，这两个选项意思不符合，排除。different不同的，limited有限的。因为所有物种的智力都是有限的，所以limited符合文意。
10.D.cast a glance backward“回顾”，固定搭配。
11.D.feature特征，influence影响，result结果，cost代价。Cost“代价”与文中“事实证明，智力是要付出代价”相呼应。
12.B.本题考查介词，on the mind of“为…着想”，by the mind“通过思考”，outside和across不与mind的搭配。
13.C.本题考查动词，与之搭配的宾语是experiments ，选项中perform能与experiments 搭配，表示“做实验”。deliver递送，carry运送， apply应用。
14.D.前一句提到experiments，本句提到一个具体的实验，所以选for instance例如。by chance偶然，in contrast相反，as usual照常。
15.A.由后半句中they would test us to可推测本句使用了虚拟语气，选项中if可以引导虚拟条件句。 unless除非，as正如，lest唯恐。
16.C.本题考查动词。所填动词表明实验的目的，并且所填动词的宾语是limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain ，选项中“determine确定”符合题意，并与下文的decide相呼应。moderate适中的，overcome克服， reach达到。
17.B.本题考查介词，四个选项中for 表示表示目的，这个句子的正常句序是intelligence in humans is really for what.
18.A.本题考查逻辑关系。这个句子位于段末，显然起到总结性的作用。四个选项中，Above all最重要，After all毕竟，However然而，Otherwise否则，故选Above all。
19.A.本题考查形容词，修饰question 。fundamental基本的，comprehensive全面的，equivalent相等的，hostile敌对的。由句后问题的内容可推出这是一个最基本和重要的问题，所以选fundamental。
20.C.本题考查副词。空前说“想研究这个问题”，空后说“结果还不确定”。四个选项中，By accident“偶然”，In time“及时”，So far“到目前为止”，Better still“更好的是”，只有So far符合语意。
全文翻译：
对动物智力的研究总是让我们思考人类到底有多聪明。参考下卡尔齐默周二发表在科学时代刊物上的文章所描述的果蝇试验。有些果蝇比普通果蝇聪明，但是寿命较短。这表明暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长，也表明暗淡是灯泡的一个优势。
事实证明，智力是要付出昂贵的代价。它需要更高的给养、消耗更多的燃料，因为智力依靠的是学习(一个循序渐进的过程)而不是一种本能，所以离开起点时缓慢。许多其他的物种也有学习能力，很显然他们学到的东西之一就是知道何时停止。
有限的智力是否有适应值呢?这也是此项研究的课题。我对此很感兴趣。这个试验不是去回顾那些被我们划为低智商的物种，而是含蓄在问我们自己智力的真正代价是什么。我们所遇到的每种动物的想法。
对动物智力的研究也让我想，如果动物有机会的话，他们会对人类作什么样的实验。比如说，每只有主人的猫都在进行一个小型的操作性条件反射研究。我们认为如果动物也能进行试验的话，他们会测定我们的忍耐度，忠诚度，以及对地形的记忆力。他们会试图判定人类智力的实际用处，而不仅仅是判定人类智力的高低。最重要的是他们希望研究一个最基本的问题：人类是否真正意识到了自己所生存的世界?对此，目前仍无定论。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 1
21【C】事实细节题。意为：Wordsworth认为以何种方式便能获得
文章第二句中提到We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and
relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.我们在无意识的状态下就能行成，使
们的头脑处于自动导航，放松地进入一种无意识的惯性当中。从这个表述中可以看出习惯的
形成过程完全是一种无意状态下的机械活动。
22.【D】事实细节题。意为：研究者发现习惯的形成可以被
第二段第二句当中指出当人们有意识的培养新的习惯时，我们就创造出一种相关的轨迹，甚至是全新的脑细胞，这可以使我们的思想进入一个创新的轨道上。由此可见研究人员认为习惯的形成是可以被引导的。
23.【A】词义句义题。意为：“ruts”的意思最贴近于
A 痕迹 B 系列 C 特点 D 联系
原文提到：不要试图摆脱你的旧习惯;一旦这个过程的 进入大脑，它们就会留在脑中。根据上下文逻辑最合上下文语境的为A选项。
由于24、25题题干不清晰暂不做出解析。
24.【A】事实细节题。
25.【A】事实细节题。
Text 2
26.【A】推理判断题。 意为：从第一二段文章表明PTK很容易买到。
文中第一二段有多处体现，首段最后一句话“只需花30美元在地方药房作亲子鉴定……”.第二段第一句我们可以看到 “自从去年不需要处方即购可买之后，己经超过6万人购买了PTK ”。甚至从第二段整段我们可以看出：B项关于鉴定价格浮动只在第二段最后一句有所体现。C项文中未提到。D项属过度推断。
27.【C】事实细节题。 意为：PTK是用来鉴定亲子关系的。
从文中第三段可以看到“被收养的孩子可以通过亲子鉴定找到他具有血缘关系的亲属”。A选项比较具有迷惑性，从第三段后半句我们可以看出“PTK最近惹怒了很多谱系学家，他们支持用PTK来探寻一个家族的祖藉”。可以看出PTK没有主要被用来寻找一个人的出生地。选项B，D文中未提及。
28. 【D】事实细节题。意为：持怀疑态度的观察者认为祖先鉴定没有达到声称的准确性。
从题干信息我们可以将它定位到文中第五段第一句我们可以看出: 那些正在做祖先鉴定的人们所宣扬的(祖先鉴定)精确度其实是错的。这句话是对这一段的概括，ABC三个选项都只是它的细节之一。因此，D选项正确。
29.【A】事实细节题。意为：最后一段中商业基因鉴定面临的一个问题是数椐收集的紊乱。
从最后一段第二句我们可以看出“一些公司使用的数据库并不依赖于系统的数据收集而是把不同研究机构收集的信息合在一起。这就意味着处理数据的公司不同，所用DNA数据库也会不同。”文中并未提及数据是否重合，B无根椐。CD文中没有体现。
30.【B】主旨大意题。 意为：本文最合适的题目应是DNA测试及它存在的问题。
A选项中 “DNA测试的赞成与反对”从文中我们看不到作者有明显赞成DNA测试的倾向，C选项，文中没有特别强调实验室内外的问题。D选项“DNA测试背后的谎言”， 作者只是客观地提出了DNA测试存在的不准确性问题，但并没有指明是哪些人的谎言。
Text 3
31.【D】推理判断题目。意为：在第一段作者认为在贫困国家教育的重要性被高估了。
作者在首段指出“传统的观点认为在贫困国家对促进经济的快速发展而言，教育是极应优先考虑的要素之一，这是种错误的看法。”教育的优先性和教育的重要性实际上是一个意思，而既然文中说优先教育是种错误的看法，由此可推出教育的重要性被过度的重视了即被高估了，因此D正确。
32.【B】事实细节题。意为：第一段表明建立新的教育体系需要几代人的努力。
在第一段作者主要谈论了靠优先发展教育来促进经济发展是错误的看法，而世界各国的工人经过了劳动培训可以获取高产量进而带来更高的生活水平。解答细节题时同样明显背离中心的选项可首先排除，即先可排除A,C;在依据第一段的倒数第二句可知：通过教育体系来使足够多的人能提高经济能力将需要两三代人。由此可知建立教育体系在当前是不可能，而这种建立需要几代人的努力才能实现。
33.【B】事实细节题。意为：日本和美国劳动力的主要区别是日本的劳动力更多产。
解答本题可用运排除法。依据文章的第二段，美国劳动力受教育程度差遭到嘲笑并被认为是其经济表现差的原因之一。美国工人接受了职业培训后，本田、丰田的美国公司才达到了日本95%的产量，由此可知日本工人的生产力比美国工人的生产力高。从文中可知，美国劳动力受教育程度差是个事实也是美国经济表现差的重要原因，由此可排除不符合文意的C选项;而A,D的信息在文中未提及，由此可得出只有B正确，而依据文意，既然日本保持了汽车产量的全球领先地位，自然日本的劳动力比美国的劳力更多产也验证了B为正确答案。
34.【A】推理判断题。意为：作者引用了我们祖先的例子来表明当人们有了充裕的时间时，教育才出现。
依据文章倒数第二段的最后两句可知，作者举出了我们祖先的例子是来论证最后一句话得出的观点：只有当人们有了更高产的获得食物的方式时，人们才有时间做其它事情。由此可推知，教育是获得食物以外的其它事情，而受教育的前提是人们有剩余时间，由此可知A为正确答案。
35.【C】主旨大意题。意为：教育的发展受约于产量的提高。
文章在最后一段针对上文讨论的教育和生产的关系做出了总结。在本段作者明确指出缺乏正规的教育并不能限制发展极大提高产量的世界劳动力，而反之，对提高产量的限制得以解释了为什么教育发展得没有那么快。由此可见，提高产量优先于发展教育，故C为正确答案。而A,D的表达不符合文章的中心;B项的意思和文意相反。
Text 4
36.【B】事实细节题目。意为：作者认为在17世纪的新英格兰 。
B为正确选项。A选项为原文的篡改。C选项从原文的表述中无法推出。D选项文章中没有提到“对于知识的追求享有自由的环境”
37.【B】推理判断题。意为：第二段中暗示出新到达英格兰的人
B为正确选项，新到达清教徒带着旧世界的文化。些段中的第二句提到，we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture……，选项中的New Englanders对应文中的Puritans, brought with them the culture of the Old World对应该文章中的carriers of European culture，故此选项为此句中的同义替换。
38.【D】事实细节题。意为：早期到达马萨诸赛海湾的牧师和政治领导人
D为正确选项为新英格兰创造了新的知识环境。对应第三段中的最后一句话There men wrote and publish ed extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. A选项中in the new world缩小了原文所表述的范围，B选项在文章中没有提到，C选项不够全面。帮D为正确答案。
39.【A】例证题。意为：关于John Dane的故事表明受教育较少的新英格兰人 。
A为正确选项举例是为了说明文中的观点，由文章第四段可知，观点为their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality，所以在四个选项中只有A选项和文章的观点最为符合。
40.【C】推断题。意为：从文章中可以看出到新英格兰的早期的定居者 。
C为正确选项，能过全文可看出来到英语兰早期的定居者，有政客、牧师、裁缝还有渔由此可见早期的定居者背景多种多样。
Part B
一.文章结构分析
本文是一篇文化类的文章，主要讲的是文化发展过程中的各种关于文化的理论。
第一段讲的是Herbert Spencer的“生物和文化进化理论”。
第二段讲的是Lewis Henry Morgan的“文化进化理论”。
第三段可以看到，Franz Boas提出了一种“历史特殊论(historical particularism)”，它强调所有文化的唯一性。
第四段还是讲了Franz Boas的理论。
第五段我们除了看到“历史特殊论(historical particularism)”外，还看到一种“diffusionism”理论和“diffusionists”这一种人。
第六段，Émile Durkheim提出了一种文化理论，他认为宗教信仰有助于加强社会团结。
二.试题具体解析
通过分析文章我们可以看到，文章就是围绕着这几种理论展开讨论的，文章层次很清晰，
而空格出现的位置一律都是段落的末尾，这样我们可以分析，所有的选项内容应该与段落前面的内容有密切的联系。
我们先大体浏览一下各个选项的内容。
选项A主要介绍了什么叫“diffusionism”， 即它认为文化的革新有一个唯一的起源，并且在社会之间传递。因为第5段出现了diffusionism，所以我们可以判断，选项A肯定出现在44题之前。而且other anthropologists的出现提示，前文可能出现了anthropologist这一词，那我们回到原文中找各个人的职业，就可以看到整篇文章提出的4个主要理论家中，只有Lewis Henry Morgan和Franz Boas的职业是anthropologist，所以，我们暂时把答案A锁定在42和43之间。
选项B的大体意思是：为了尽可能全面的了解特殊的文化，(particular cultures是关键词)，他对语言学和身体人类学都很熟悉。回到文章，我们在第3段找到了the uniqueness of all cultures, 我们可以断定，这个选项中的he指的就是Franz Boas。那Boas在第3段和第4段都出现过，所以我们把选项B锁定在43和44。
选项C的意思是，人类的进化有这样一个特征，就是“survival of the fittest”适者生存，并且解释了种族和社会的适者生存观念。因为第一段讲的是Herbert Spencer的“生物和文化进化理论”。并且出现了Charles Darwin，我们都知道Charles Darwin提出了生物界的适者生存，而这里说人类社会的进化也有适者生存这一特征，所以，我们可以首先确定41的答案是选项C。
选项D的关键词是important rituals重要的礼仪和initiation ceremonies和一些典礼，我们在文章中并没有发现有这方面的内容，所以暂且搁置。
选项E说，在他看来，不同方面的文化diverse aspects of culture，例如……，随着社会的进化都改变了。我们在读文章的时候，一定要把每一段的关键词划出来，以利于和选项中的关键词对应。读第二段的时候，文章说，在他的作品里，他尽量说明了how aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 这跟选项E的内容不谋而合。所以，我们可以断定，42题的答案为选项E。因为前面把答案A锁定在42和43之间，而42题的答案为选项E，所以确定选项A为43题的答案。确定了43题答案为A，因为之前我们把选项B锁定在43和44，所以排出了43，我们把选项B锁定在44题。
选项F我们可以看到一个关键词functioning，这个词在第6段出现过，所以，我们暂且搁置不管。
选项G是一个例子，如果是答案的话应该是用来补充说明前面的观点的，它说，由于信息缺乏，这两位人类学家提出农耕等这些都是起源于古埃及，并且传播到世界各地。事实上，所有这些文化发展在世界不同地方的不同时期都曾分别出现过。通过分析这个例子，我们可以知道，这是两种不同的观点的比较。 在第五段我们除了看到“历史特殊论(historical particularism)”外，还看到一种“diffusionism”理论和“diffusionists”这一种人。正好是两种理论的对比，所以我们可以把45题的答案轻松的定位到选项G。
这样我们初步确定了答案，41的答案是选项C，42题的答案为选项E，43题的答案为选项A，44题的答案为选项B，45题的答案定位到选项G。
最后代入选项，通读全文，检查文章逻辑顺序和流畅程度。
Part C
46. 本句考点：宾语从句，of 短语作定语，代词指代， but引导并列句
结构分析：句子主干是：it may be said that…, but this effect… its effect及its original motive.中it在句中指代social institution。
参考译文：可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。
47. 本句考点：强调句，分词结构作后置定语, 省略
结构分析：强调句的正常语序是：the by-proct of the institution was noted Only graally, and this effect …was only still more graally (noted). considered as a directive factor in the conct of the institution作this effect的后置定语。
参考译文：一种制度的副产品，只是逐步被注意到的，而这种效果被视为实施这种制度的一个指导性因素更加缓慢得多。
48. 本句考点：比较状语从句，动宾分隔
结构分析:本句主干是while引导的一个比较状语从句。in our contact with 作为一个插入成分，分隔了ignore和它的宾语the effect of…。
参考译文：在和他们(年轻人)接触的时候，虽然容易忽略我们的行动对他们的倾向的影响，但是也不像与成年人打交道那么简单。
49. 本句考点：since引导的原因状语从句，代词指代，宾语从句，宾语从句嵌套定语从句。
结构分析：本句主干是Since… we cannot help considering…其中whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability作cannot help considering的宾语，which will secure this ability作为嵌套定语从句修饰the powers。
参考译文：既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们禁不住考虑我们是否在形成获得这种能力的力量。
50. 本句考点：插入语，定语从句，同位语从句
结构分析：within the broad ecational process which we have been so far considering 作为插入语，which we have been so far considering为定语从句修饰process，本句主干是：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of ecation. that of direct tuition or schooling与a more formal kind of ecation 是同位语关系。
参考译文：因此，我们可以在上面所考虑的广阔的教育过程之内区别出一种比较正规的教育，即直接的教导或学校教育。
Section III Writing
51.
09年小作文要求写一封建议信，相比07年建议信要求更加具体，且话题更为熟悉。考生对这个话题可写的东西比较多。且在平时大作文的训练中考生都接触过不少表达观点看法和提出建议的方法，尤其在环境保护方面的建议措施接触的更多，因此这篇小作文题材是大家非常熟悉的，难度适中。
52.
09年大作文仍然是图画式作文，题目要求与往年基本相同。写好这篇作文主要在于两点：第一，描述图画。图片描写可能会给一部分考生造成困难，这一点要看学生平时的积累。第二，寓意理解。题目图片看似简单，实则抽象。揭示主题需结合中文提示“网络的近与远”，即网络为人们的生活带来的便利以及不便。这一主题比较贴近现代生活，也是当今大学生熟悉的话题：网络虽然非常便利，让人与人足不出户就可以相互联系，但是人与人之间的直接联系却变得稀少了。
3. 2009年高考英语试题 答案 详解
2009年高考英语试题全国2卷（含答专案属）
http://www.sqabc.net/ziyuanxiazai/html/?100.html
4. 09年的考研英语真题阅读第四篇中的一句，求翻译求详细讲解
据许多书籍和文章，新英格兰的领袖们建立了一个展开的基本主题和关注，美国知识分子生活中占主导地位的清教传统。
望采纳！
5. 2009年英语专业八级真题标准答案
听力：
Section A
1.place 2. if it had never been heard before 3. 答案不详4. what you did. 5.discussion 6. A common mistake 7. In reality 8. that you obtained 9.Attention 10.Undertaking of project in lack
Section B and C
1-5 CBAAA 6-10 BBAAA
阅读
11-15 CACDA 16-20 DCB19自选B
21-25 BDD24自选B 26-30 CCDDD
General knowledge
31-35 DBACD 36-40 BCDCA
改错
1.the改a 2. passd改based 3. their改his 4. it去掉 5. therefore 改however 6. the 去掉7. 答案不详8.答案不祥 9.live改alive 10. to 去掉
翻 译
Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads “close your handset|.” However, the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and has few urgencies to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our “thirst for socialization.” We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone, disregard of his location, whether in road center or beside restroom.
我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣 喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展。
但是，时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿·丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫·希特勒的名言来形容，“它们在奇怪的悖论中前 行，仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，见解随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。”
而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体，把其当作天然排污口。明天我们还会变本加厉，堆积的温室气体吸纳了越来 越多的太阳热度。
作 文
China's State Administration of Radio Film and Television (SARFT) recently issued a notice banning domestic radio and TV stations from translating foreign radio and TV programmes into any local dialect. The notice said that such dialect translation contradicts the national initiative to promote Putonghua, or Mandarin, around the country. Foreign programmes that have been translated into dialects must be removed from television and radio immediately. The notice evoked a mixed response from experts and audio and video procers, as well as the general public. Many voiced their concerns that local dialects would be fornidden in public places. Mandarian, which means “common language”, is the country's predominant language and is widely used by more than 70 percent of the population. However, local dialects still enjoy pupularity for relatively less-ecated people in some occasions. The dialects do make unique role and should be tolerated for existence in public places.
Though promoted widely in public places, dialects are acceptable in public places. First, it is more than a mere tool for communication. It is, most importantly, the messenger of its respective culture. If the dialect was eliminated from daily use, the culture will be broken. Second, Mandarian can absorb the elit part of local dialect to enrich its vovabulary and usuge. This is the perfection of Mandartian from thousands of years blend and contact. The dialects can also be popular in the public. Along with the famous short play by comic actors in NE China, the local dialect came into the splotlight, and enjoyed more pupulatity throughout China. Such a cultural phenomenon represents the audience an attitude to local dialects which cater to the taste of the majority. Third, dialect is the only mean of communication to some underecated local people. If local dialects are fobbiden in the public places, they can not communicate.
To sum up, local dialects should be tolerated in public places for its unique role which Mandarian can not substitute. We should guartee its survival because dialects stand for our spiritual land. From a long-term perspective, dialects should not and would not be wiped out. There is no need for any purposeful and deliberate attempt to protect dialects. Just let dialects take their natural course. The best way to protect a dialect is to use it in daily life and pass it down from generation to generation
6. 09年英语专四答案详解
听写答案（来自于网络，仅供参考）
For many people in the west, New Year’ Eve is the biggest party of the year. It’s time to get together with friends or family and welcome the coming year. New Year’s parties can take place in different places. Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. There is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common--- the countdown to midnight. When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. It’s also popular to make a promise in the New Year. This is called a New Year’s resolution. Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit. However the promise is often broken quite quickly and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days.
完形填空参考答案 (by Larry)
31. A detected 32. B and 33. B point 34. D with 35. C aches 36. C progress 37. C mechanical 38. D generally 39. B might 40. C developing 41. B that 42. A so 43. D transmission 44. C newly 45. B through 46. A. for 47. D. contract 48. C disease 49. B linger 50. C surfaces
完型填空全文：
Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop the spread of a new, deadly disease SARS — Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome — was detected for the first time in February in Hanoi, and since then has infected more than 1,600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this point, there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease.
Symptoms start with a fever over 100.4 degrees F, sometimes with chills, headache or body aches. Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might progress to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require mechanical ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease.
Most cases appear to have been passed through droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care for them have been most likely to contract the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the disease might spread through air, or that the virus might linger for two to three hours on doorknobs or other surfaces.
Symptoms generally begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it might take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to developing a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence that antibiotics, anti-viral medicines or steroids help, so doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to rece the risk of transmission.
Scientists aren't sure yet, but some researchers think it's a newly discovered corona virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds.
语法词汇答案（by Larry）
51. CBDAB 56. ACBDD 61. ACBCD 66. ACCAD 71. BDCAD 76. BDACC
阅读（来自于网络，仅供参考）
81-85 BADDC 86-90 ADBDB 91-95 CBDAC 96-100 CADBA
小作文 （来自于网络，仅供参考。仅修改了格式。）
April 18th, 2009
Dear Lily,
I know you’re looking for a part-time job in the coming summer vacation. And I have just seen an ad for a private English tutor for a schoolboy on the campus. Since you’re good at English and like teaching, I think this job is very suitable for you. It will help you both earn some money and practice yourselves. So please think about it.
Sincerely,
Larry
学生今年考专四，因此我参考了网络的两种不同的版本，制定了自己的答案。不能保证百分百对，但是至少98%是对的。其余部分答案来自于网络。
去http://www.24en.com/tem/dynamic/2009-04-18/109179.html看影印的真题 。图片形式，没办法黏贴过来。自己去看吧。