1. 三篇初二英语阅读理解文章
选择
December 25 is Christmas Day(圣诞节). Christmas is an important holiday in many countries. On Christmas Day, most families get together for a big dinner. They give presents to each other and visit friends. The Christmas tree is an important part of the Christmas holiday. Most families buy trees. The families decorate(装饰) the tree together. Parents usually tell their children that Father Christmas comes ring the night and brings presents to good children. Of course, Father Christmas isn’t real. The parents of the children are really “Father Christmas”. They put the presents under the tree or into their children’s stocking(长统袜) after the children go to sleep.
( )41. When is Christmas Day? __________.
A. November 25 B. December 25 C. December 24 D. December 26
( )42. What do most families in America do on Christmas Day? __________.
A. They only have a big dinner together
B. They have a big dinner, exchange (交换) presents and visit friends
C. They just visit friends and exchange presents
D. They exchange presents only
( )43. Who is really “Father Christmas”? ___________.
A. Their parents B. Their father
C. Their mother D. Father Christmas
( )44. When Christmas Day is coming, the parents __________.
A. usually tell their children that Father Christmas isn’t real
B. tell their children that Father Christmas comes ring the night and brings presents to good children
C.sometimes tell their children that Father Christmas comes ring the day
D.often tell their children that Father Christmas gives presents to poor children
( )45. When did parents put the presents into their children’s stocking? __________.
A. Before the children go to sleep B. After the children go to sleep
C. December 26 D. At midnight of December 25
41. B 42. B 43. A. 44. B 45. B
回答问题
Every day people throw away mountains of(大量的)rubbish.Have you thought where it all goes and what happens to it?
Most of it goes into "landfills".We do not kown exactly where all these landfills are.And in fact,they are in most of our suburbs,close to where we live.
It may be hard to believe, but most of the cities in China are surrounded by rubbish.But putting the rubbish in landfills takes up too much space.
Another way to get rid of rubbish is to burn it.But this pollutes the air around us.The third way is recycling.This is becoming more popular.Plus,it is much better for our environment.
Q:
1.Every day people throw away mountains of (rubbish).
2.The word "landfills" means (垃圾场).
3.Where we can find the landfills (in most of our suburbs).
4.Another way to get rid of rubbish is to (burn it).
5.The third way is (recycling).
判断
Xiao Ming is a middle school student.He is a good boy,and he studies very hard.But his family is very poor,because his mather got ill a few years ago,and his father has no job.He makes money by carrying goods for other people.Life is very hard for them,and sometimes Xiao Ming can't afford the school things.
When his teacher knew this,she called on her students to raise money for him. She asked them to bring theri saving-money to Xiao Ming and help him.All the student are ind and friendly.They are very glad to do it.Xiao Ming is so thankful that he studies harder than before
( )1:Xiao Ming is a good middle school girl.
( )2:His father lost his job.
( )3:His teacher called on his classmates toraise money for him.
( )4:He can afford the school things easily.
( )5:All of the students are very glad to help Xiao Ming
1 f
2 t
3 t
4 f
5 t
自己整理一下吧 里面有答案了
2. 如何提高中学英语阅读理解能力 毕业论文
英语阅读的抄基础是单词，要多记多袭背，记忆单词的方法有很多种，可以在阅读中记忆单词，这样既不乏味也记得牢。
提高英语阅读理解能力，最好能做到每天至少练习一篇。英语阅读理解能力简单的说就是：通过快速的阅读文章、材料，快速的提取段落、文章的脉络和重点，促进整理归纳分析，提高做题效率。快速阅读是一种高效的阅读方法，其原理在于激活“眼、脑”的潜能，培养和提高阅读速度、整体感知、归纳理解、注意力集中等方面的能力，对应于阅读理解方面的帮助很大。快速阅读的练习可以参考《精英特全脑速读记忆》。掌握快速阅读后，可以快速的对文章的关键信息进行提取，提高做题效率和准确性，同时可节约大量的时间，做到游刃有余。
做英语阅读理解的时候要注意：阅读时不要逐字逐句的翻译，也不要一句话反复阅读，即阅读时碰到一时不理解的句子就一遍一遍地沉浸在阅读那个句子当中，反复琢磨。其实完全没有必要，因为要选对答案并不意味着对原文的每个句子都要读懂，抓住一些重点句子就够了，正确的做法是，以理解整个段落和整篇文章为主，在涵盖出题点的句子上用心捉摸。
3. 谁帮我找10篇适合初中生阅读的英语文章
1
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present．On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office，a street urchin was walking around the shining car．“ this your car，Paul？”he asked．
Paul answered，“Yes，my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised．“You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you nothing？Boy，I wish…” He hesitated．
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for．He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
“I wish,” the boy went on，“that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car？”
“Oh yes，I'd love that．”
After a short ride，the boy turned and with his eyes shining，said，“Paul，would you mind driving in front of my house？”
Paul smiled a little．He thought he knew what the boy wanted．He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are？” the boy asked．
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
“There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
注：urchin 顽童 hesitate 犹豫 neighbour 邻居 crippled 残疾 cent 美分
1．The street urchin was very surprised when ________．
A．Paul received an expensive car
B．Paul told him about the car
C．he saw the shining car
D．he was walking around the car
2．From the story we can see the urchin ________．
A．wished to give his brother a car
B．wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car
C．wished he could have a brother like Paul's
D．wished Paul could be a brother like that
3．The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________．
A．to show his neighbours the big car
B．to show he had a rich friend
C．to let his brother ride in the car
D．to tell his brother about his wish
4．We can infer（推断）from the story that ________．
A．Paul couldn't understand the urchin
B．the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C．the urchin wished to have a rich brother
D．the urchin's wish came true in the end
5．The best name of the name story is _________．
A．A Christmas Present
B．A Street Urchin
C．A Brother Like That
D．An Unforgettable Holiday Ride
KEY: 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C
2
“Cool”is a word with many meanings．Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold．As the world has changed，the word has had many different meaning．
“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything．
When you see a famous car in the street，maybe you will say，“It's cool．”You may think，“He's so cool，”when you see your favourite footballer．
We all maximize（扩大） the meaning of“cool”．You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”．Here's an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used．A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall（瀑布）they had visited．On one student's paper was Just the one sentence，“It's so cool．Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt．
But the story also shows a scarcity（缺乏）of words．Without “cool”，some people have no words to show the same meaning．So it is quite important to keep some credibility（可信性）．Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”？ I can．And I think they are also very cool．
1．We know that the word "cool" has had ________.
A．only one meaning B．no meanings
C．many different meanings D．the same meaning
2．In the passage，the word“express”means“________”.
A．see B．show C．know D．feel
3．If you are _______ something，you may say，“It’s cool.”
A．interested in B．angry about
C．afraid of D．unhappy with
4．The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used．
A．pleased with B．strange to
C．worried about D．careful with
5．In the passage，the writer suggests（暗示）that the word “cool”________．
A．can be used instead of many words
B．usually means something interesting
C．can make your life colourful
D．may not be as cool as it seems
KEY: 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D
3
The students were having their chemistry（化学）class. Miss Li was telling the children what water was like. After that, she asked her students, “What's water?”No one spoke for a few minutes．Miss Li asked again，“Why don't you answer my question？Didn't I tell you what water is like？”
Just then a boy put up his hand and said，“Miss Li，you told us that water has no colour and no smell．But where to find such kind of water？The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell．”Most of the children agreed With him．
“I'm sorry，children．”said the teacher，“Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier．That's a problem．
1．The students were having their _______ class．
A．English B．Chinese C．chemistry D．maths
2．Miss Li was telling the children what ______ was like．
A．water B．air C．earth D．weather
3．A boy said，“The water in the river behind my house is always _______．”
A．white B．black C．clean D．clear
4．Most of the children _______ the boy．
A．agreed with B．wrote to
C．heard from D．sent for
5．The water in the river has colour and smell because it is getting _______．
A．more and more B．less and less
C．cleaner and cleaner D．dirtier and dirtier
KEY: 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D
4
In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forests． Today the forests have almost gone． A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand． China doesn't want to the USA's example． We're planting more and more trees． We've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country．The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide． It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away． It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south． More "Great Green Walls" are needed． Trees must be grown all over the world． Great Green Walls will make the world better．
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1．In 1620, about ______ the USA was covered by forests．
A．a third B．half C．two thirds D．a fourth
2．A lot of good land has gone with ______．
A．sand B．water C．wind D．forests
3．The Great Green Wall in China is ______ long．
A．7,000 kilometers B．1,700 kilometers
C．7,000 meters D．400 kilometers
4．Trees must be grown in ______.
A．China B．the USA
C．some countries D．every part of the world
5．______ will make the world better．
A．The Great Wall B．Tall buildings
C．Great Green Walls D．Flowers and grass
KEY: 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C
5
The English people like take-away food． The most popular food is fish and chips．They usually go to a fish and chip shop．They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place． At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park． Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England． People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too． But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken．
根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。
1．People in England like fish and chips．
2．Fish and chips are the most popular food in China．
3．The English people often go to a fish and chip shop．
4．They put the food in paper bags．
5．They take the food only to their work place．
6．They never eat take-away food in the park．
7．Chinese takeaways are popular in England．
8．People in Australia don't like Chinese take-away food．
9．The most popular food in Australia is fried chicken．
10． Fried chicken is the most popular food in the USA．
根据短文内容，用Ⅱ栏中适当的词语完成Ⅰ栏的内容。
Ⅰ
11．Fish and chips are
12．The English people go to a fish and chip shop
13．People eat take-away food
14．People take the food home
15．The American people also like
Ⅱ
A．in the park at lunch time．
B．Chinese take-away food．
C．the most popular take-away food in England．
D．or to their work place
E．to buy take-away food．
KEY:
1．T 2．F 3．T 4．T 5．F 6．F 7．T 8．F 9．F 10．T
11．C 12．E 13．A 14．D 15．B
6
Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America． His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself． So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him．
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening． At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better． He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased．
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word． When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question．
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it．
根据短文内容填空，每空限填一词。
Einstein gave the (1) ______ lecture again and again． His driver (2) ______ to his lecture so many times (3) ______ he wanted to give it (4) ______． When Einstein knew it, he let the driver (5) ______ the lecture for him that night． The driver gave a (6) ______ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleased．
When they were (7) ______ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a question． To show (8) ______ easy the question was, the driver asked Einstein who followed him (9) ______ to answer it (10) ______ of him．
KEY:
1．same 2．listened 3．that 4．himself 5．give
6．good 7．leaving 8．how 9．quietly(behind) 10．instead
7
Fei Xiang, whose English name is Kris phillips, is a Chinese American. He is nearly two meters tall, with blue eyes, looking like an Asian. Though he was born in Taiwan, he grew up speaking Chinese to his mother and English to his father and students at Stanford University in California. Later he returned from abroad to Taiwan and become a singer.
In 1986, Fei Xiang visited the mainland（中国大陆）and turned into a pop star there. He was well know among the young people and his songs were widely accepted, such as “Five in the Winter”, “Clouds of My Homeland”and so on.
He left the mainland for New York four years later. There he worked as a lowly member. He lived a quiet life in New York, for only a few people know his name. Now phillips is panning to end his six—year stay in the USA and return to the mainland and his recording career（生涯）. His new project is to introce
（介绍）the mainland to the music of the Broadway stage（白老汇戏剧艺术）, including（包括）the song “Maria” from “West Side Story”.
1. Kris phillip’s mother is _________and his father is________.
A. Chinese, American B. Chinese, Chinese C. American, Chinese D. English, American
2 .Mr Kris phillips became famous as big pop star________.
A. in the United Stares B. in the place where he was born C. in the mainland D. at Stanford University
3. What’s the order in which phillips did the following things?
a.made a decision to return to PRC(中国)
b.learned Chinese from his mother and English from his father
c.was widely welcomed by the young people
d.worked as a lowly member
A. b e c d a B. e b d c a C. d e b a c D. c a b e d
4. Fei Xiang is best known China for_______.
A.his plan to interoce the mainland to the music of Broad way stage
B.“West side story” C. his perfoemace(演出) D. his special nationlity(国籍)
5. Which of the following is true?
A.Fei Xiang’s parents are both teachers. B. Fei Xiang lived in the mainland for four years.
C. Fei Xing is regarded as a big pop star both in America and China.
D. Fei Xiang returned to the mainland in 1896.
KEY: DBACB
8
A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well,but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly（肚子） or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people's rule.They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的) to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy
to work in that way.
Now the very same thing is true to literature(文学). And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced(有经验的) enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will
never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail --that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.
1. A friend of the writer's drew the horses ____.
A. very well
B. in the way of western rule
C. in the way of his own rule
D. all of the above
2. The writer was surprised because ____.
A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse
B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse
C. the artist made his own rule
D. the artist did not follow other people's rule
3. You are not yet experienced because ____.
A. you don't know where to begin
B. you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail
C. you always asked question
D. you do not trust to your own powers
4. When you become more experienced you will ____.
A. never ask question
B. often begin at the tail
C. should write the end of the story
D. should think of the beginning
5. The topic of the passage is ______.
A. How to draw a horse
B. How to write a story
C. How to make your own rules
D. Trust to your own powers
Key: CDDCD
4. 初中英语优秀教学论文浅谈如何提高初中学生的英语阅读
一、尽早抓起，循序渐进，持之以恒
学生英语阅读能力的培养和提高并非一朝一夕所能达到，而是需要经过师生长期坚持不懈的努力，方能一点一点的提高。那种你认为让学生在初一、初二打好英语基础知识的底子，等初三再突击阅读能力的训练之方法是不可取的。因此，在学生进入初中阶段后，教师就需要制定周密的计划，有条不紊，坚持不懈的对学生的阅读能力进行长期的系统的训练。经过这样长期的坚持训练，学生的阅读量会日益扩大，随着阅读量的不断加大，学生的阅读能力也就自然而然的得到了培养和提高。
二、合理安排教学步骤，有层次地引导学生阅读
1.引导学生快速阅读，捕捉大意，扩大阅读视幅面，培养他们良好的阅读习惯，训练阅读速度，提高概述能力。
2.指导学生精读全文，把握信息，然后有效指导学生学习语言知识，培养他们理解、掌握和应用语言知识的能力。
3.引导学生充分利用课本，强化课文整体理解教学，课文是最好的阅读材料，须充分利用。教师在组织学生学习课文时，应把课文当作一个整体来组织教学。这种教学方法能提高学生的英语学习兴趣，调动学生的学习积极性。当然，除此之外，采取一定的方法来培养学生的阅读能力是必要的。如：在安排学生预习课文时可让学生找出重点段落的中心句或用英语来说出这部分的意思来，这样经过长期不懈的训练，就可逐步培养和提高学生的英语阅读能力
5. 初中英语完型阅读的文章及它翻译，尽快，短一点的，10篇，尽快，不行给英文先
买一本练习册不就行了嘛
都带翻译的，
还很短，
放心
6. 如何提高中学生英语阅读能力 论文
阅读理解是高中英语教学的侧重点。其目的是不仅要让学生学会语言知识，获取文章提供版的信息，领权悟文章的内涵，更重要的是要使学生掌握阅读的方法和技能，成为独立阅读能力的人。同时中学英语教学大纲也指出：“中学英语教学的目的，是对中学生进行听、说、读、写的基本训练，培养学生口头的和书面的初步运用英语的能力，侧重培养阅读能力。
7. 如何培养初中生的英语阅读能力英语教学论文
首要的任务是来要摆正自师生以往不平等的关系，创设宽松和谐的教学氛围。特别在中学，由于中学生的心理发展还极不成熟，教师的言行对学生的影响会产生很大的正向作用，所以在课堂上，教师不能摆着“师尊”的“架子”，语言应该友善亲切，态度应该和蔼可亲，一改自上而下的传授方式，无论是讲授知识还是与学生交谈，辅导学生时，都应充分尊重和热爱学生的一切需要，努力成为学生学习的引路人。
8. 初中英语阅读短篇文章
1.Once Einstein gave a lecture in many places in America． His driver always listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure be could give it himself． So Einstein agreed that the driver gave the lecture him．
As nobody knew Einstein there, the driver gave the lecture for Einstein that evening． At first he was a bit afraid, but Einstein's smile made him feel better． He gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleased．
Then the driver started to leave and Einstein followed him without a word． When they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult question．
The driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask his driver behind to answer it．
2.Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin.
Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali.
"Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly.
Multiple choice 。
3.An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.
"My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?"
"Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier."
The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin.
"No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends."
Multiple choice .
4.The English people like take-away food． The most popular food is fish and chips．They usually go to a fish and chip shop．They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place． At lunch time, many people eat take-away food in the park． Chinese takeaways are also very popular in England． People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too． But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken．
5.The Komodo lizard is the world's largest lizard(蜥蜴). It was not discovered until this century and was named only in 1921. It was formerly found on three Indonesian islands: Komodo, Rintja and Flores. By the 1930's, in spite of government protection, the population of this great lizard had been reced to a few hundred. It was, however, still found on the three main islands and there were still lizards of over 4 metres in length. By 1963, after a period of only fifty years since its discovery, the entire population was based on Komodo. It is now unusual to see one as long as 3 metres. The lizard's normal food consists mainly of wild goats and pigs, animals which the islanders also hunt. This, of course, means that the lizard often gets too little to eat. It will certainly die out soon its hunting and breeding(繁殖) grounds are protected more effectively.
6.At the Barber's Shop(理发店)
Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he
was not happy with the result(结果). When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed
and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?"
Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied
with my old one, but this one seems even worse."
Bob agreed(同意). "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what
to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair,
find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
"Why shall I go to him?" Jack asked. "But that would be foolish!"
"Oh, no, it wouldn't," answered Bob. "Who cut that man's hair? Just think
it. He couldn't cut it himself, could he? Another of the barbers cut it. So
you know he can't be the worst barber."
7.Mr Perkin's New Car
Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars
were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the
same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same
things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be
different.
The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was
satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more
satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind,
and on both sides of him.
Mr Perkin parked(停车) his car in a big car-park(停车场) near his office,
and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o'clock, there
were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which
car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave
him a look he didn't like. So he stopped.
Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow
Beta 400s in the car-park.
8.A long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some
countries people even said that the sun was a god(神). They thought the god
drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes
round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all way round the sun. Today
men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us
that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the
sun.\$
The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very
hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to
the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three
hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than million times larger.\$
9.The Farmer, His Horse, and His son
Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself.
He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father
and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired.
They met two men on the road who said, "Why are you walking, farmer? You have
a horse, It's a long way to market(市场). "The farmer know that this was true,
so he rode on the horse, while his son walked.
Then they met two old women, "What are you doing up there, farmer? Can't you
see how tired boy is?" So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead.\$
Next, three old men stopped them, one said, "Why are you walking, farmer?
Get up, It's too hot for an old man like you to walk today," So the farmer got
up behind his son, and they rode on.
Some time later, a young woman passed them, "Why aren't you walking?" she
asked, "It isn't far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest."
So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot
please all the people all the time.
10.I Want to Be a Dustman
Tom was ten years old, and he was a very lazy boy, He didn't like doing any
work. He had to go to school of course, but he didn't study hard there and tried
to do as little work as possible. His father and mother were both doctors and they
hoped that their son would become one, too, when he grew up. But one day Tom
said to his mother, "When I finish school, I want to be a stman."
"A stman?" his mother asked, she was very surprised. "That's not a very
pleasant job, why do you
9. 初中英语教学论文 《新目标英语》用什么模式进行阅读教学
[摘要]：本文探讨初中《新目标英语》英语进行阅读课堂教学的可行模式。从国外的阅读理论模式纵观初中《新目标英语》英语阅读课堂教学的模式，结合实践，归纳出适合初中《新目标英语》英语阅读课堂教学的可行模式及基本结构、教学策略。
[关键词]：新目标英语、阅读教学、教学模式、教学策略。
《新目标英语》中每个单元分Section A 和 Section B两部分， Section A是一个单元的基本内容，Section B是一个单元知识的扩展和综合语言运用。在平时的阅读课教学中，有的教师在Section A的教学中强调基本词汇、语法项目的掌握与记忆，Section B部分也是操练目标语，进行词汇的扩展，所以B部分再出现一篇阅读文章往往就被忽视了；有的教师则是把阅读教学定位于核对3a所设置问题的答案，完成3b的练习、3c的写作；而有的教师教学模式单一，使学生很难形成综合语言运用的能力，同时也阻断了创造性思维的路径。因此，研究《新目标英语》采用何种阅读教学模式，对使用《新目标英语》教材地区提高教学水平有着极其重要的作用。
一、国外阅读理论的主要模式。
国外阅读理论的主要模式是指Gough, Goodman及Rumelhart等提出的三个模式，即“自下由上”（bottom-up）模式，“自上而下”(top-down)模式和“相互作用”（interactive reading）模式和图示政论。
1 、“自下而上”模式理论。“自下而上”模式又称为信息加工模式。阅读是由低级的单词解码到最终获取信息的过程。阅读是读者从辨认字母开始，到组成单词、词组、句子、语段等，逐级由语言、词素等最基本的单位聚合而成，向整体意义发辗的过程。 阅读教学的合理顺序是先教字母、词，然后过渡到培养高级阅读水平的阅读技巧。依据这一理论，教师在进行阅读教学时，主要是通过教单词、词组，帮助学生扫清语言上的障碍。但人们发现，尽管有些文章不存在任何语言障碍，但要理解文章的整体或是作者的意图却很难。
2、“自上而下”模式理论。该阅读模式又称语言心理模式，形成于20世纪60年代末至70年代初期。K.S.Goodman F Smith提出了另一种阅读理解模式，“自上而下”模式。该理论认为：阅读并非是一个精确知觉的系列加工过程，而是一个以读者先验知识为基础的取样、预期、检验和证实的“由内而外”的循环过程。他认为阅读乃是一种心理语言学的猜谜游戏，它包括了思想和语言之间的相互作用。有效的阅读并非精确地辨认所有的文字成分的结果，而是选择那些对于产生有效的猜测来说是必要的，而且是最少的，最有效的线索的技能。与自下而上模式相反，该模式强调运用对有关主题的了解及上下文所提供的语境来猜测整体意义。但是如果不具备识别词汇和句法结构的基本能力，仅*这一模式，是谈不上真正理解文章的。“自上而下”的阅读模式强调读者是阅读的中心，过分夸大了读者在阅读中的主观预测、推理等作用，忽视了构成阅读基础德自下而上的“读”的解码过程，忽视了篇章在传递信息过程中的重要性。
3、交互作用模式理论。该理论包容了“自下而上”的阅读模式和“目上而下”的阅读棋式这两种视角，更能体现阅读的本质，因此优于上述两种模式，是一种更有效、更理想的阅读模式。这是人工智能学家D.E.Rumelhart于1977年提出了第三种阅读模式，即“相互作用”模式。该模式强调阅读理解既是语言文字的处理过程，又是读者已有背景知识的运用和处理过程，即把阅读过程描写为双向的，即有效的阅读是将“自下而上”与“自上而下”的紧密联系，使读者在大脑里的知识与文字材料之间达到最佳的相互作用。
4、图示政论。图示理论认为，任何篇章，无论是口头的还是书面的，其本身并不承载任何意义，而是向读者提供该如何从他们先前获得的知识中检索和构建意义的指示。读者先前获得的知识叫做读者的背景知识，先前获得的知识结构叫做图式。根据这种理论，我们的知识不是静态的，而是不断重新组织的结构，在信息的认知加工过程中重新入到已有的图式中去。图式阅读理论充分揭示了阅读的木质，认为读者理解一篇语言材料的过程就是读者头脑中的图式与语言材料所提供的信息之间相互作用的过程。越来越多的研究表明，在阅读教学中，只有对这种交互作用的两方面予以足够重视，才能在培养学生阅读能力的过程中收到事半功倍的效果。
二、阅读理论对英语阅读教学的启示。
1、培养学生合理运用多种阅读策略的能力。阅读材料具有多样性，它们具有不同的阅读难度。这就要求我