① 如何提高初中英语阅读教学读后活动有效性
如何提高初中英语阅读教学读后活动有效性
一、阅读教学的低效现象
1.教学理念上.许多教师在教学思想上没有认识到阅读是语言技能的一部分.在日常教学中,没有认识到阅读能力的培养对帮助学生获取更多信息、知识,拓展视野,激发学习兴趣,提高人文素养,提高分析、思考、判断以及综合语言运用能力具有重要意义.因而对它的研究不够重视.
2. 日常教学中.许多老师在阅读教学中没有形成一套科学有效、易操作、能体现新英语课程标准的教学方法.纯粹把阅读当精读,教学过程中过分注重单词,词组等书面字符提供的语言信息,忽视阅读者储存的非语言信息的作.,注重对词义、句子、语法结构等表层的教学,误导学生在阅读时陷入“只见树木,不见林”的尴尬境地.偏重语言知识的传授,忽视学生在阅读中的主体地位,束缚了学生阅读能力的培养.更有甚者把阅读当作课外阅读上,划划词组,对对练习答案.学生自读后仅了解一下故事情节.由于教学方法简单、陈旧,教师、学生均感到课堂枯燥乏味,没有阅读兴趣,他们的阅读能力很难得到锻炼.
三、提高有效性的对策和建议
(一)、合理利用课本阅读资源,提高学生阅读能力.
英语阅读教学是复现、巩固学生所学语言知识,进一步活用词汇、语法、句法,并学习新词汇,扩大词汇量,锻炼思维,提高阅读兴趣.对培养学生分析、判断能力,对发展个性,磨励意志,陶冶情操,提高人文素养等都起着重要作用.英语教材在编排上,每个单元都安排了适当的有一定代表意义的阅读材料,针对学生已有的阅读水平,教师应有目的、有针对性地合理运用已有的课本阅读教学资源组织好阅读教学,在教学中探索科学有效的教学方法,培养学生良好的阅读习惯,提高学生的阅读能力.
(二)、加强校本课程的研究和开发,促进学生英语阅读水平的提高.
在合理利用已有的课本教学资源的基础上,根据课程标准,针对学生年龄特点、知识结构、认知能力、不同年级的阅读速度、阅读量的要求,可适量增添一些必要的课外阅读材料.如选择符合本校特点并具有新课程理念的阅读教材,或者通过网络、21世纪英语报等优秀报刊文摘广泛收集贴近学生实际生活、具有时代特点,内容健康丰富、原汁原味的阅读资源,自编练习.如:Junior Book3 lesson70《Because it’s there. 》,叙述了有关登山运动员(如George Mallory)攀登Mt Qomolangma的事件及体现的精神,课外我从网上查阅了有关电影《垂直极限》的英语故事介绍,并编成了练习,这大大提高了学生阅读的兴趣,阅读能力也得到了进一步的锻炼,人文精神再一次震撼了学生.再则结合学生的兴趣爱好,中西方文化的差异等因素,可在开发校本阅读课程方面做一些探究工作,积累一些材料.例如有关文娱、运动,饮食文化,著名的节假日,旅游胜地,外国音乐,常用典故和俗语等阅读材料.因这些材料有实际意义,所以既能调动学生参与的积极性,又能促进学生英语阅读能力的提高.
(三)、提高教师阅读教学素养,全面规划,保障阅读教学顺利实施.
教师要不断加强理论学习,提高阅读教学的理论素养,更新教学理念,充分认识英语阅读教学的重要性和实际作用.结合学生的知识结构、认知能力、阅读水平和课本阅读材料、校本课程阅读材料的难易,制定教学计划,确立阅读训练的教学目标和教学方法.根据阅读课程的计划、目标,每周确定阅读课时间(不一定是整节课),在教师的指导下加强阅读训练.从而在课时、组织上对英语阅读的训练提供有利保障.
(四)、加强英语阅读教学方法的研究,促进教师阅读教学能力的提高.
JEFC教材的每个单元都编排了阅读课,其主要目的就是让学生通过这些训练来提高阅读能力,教师应围绕此目的,充分利用好阅读课文这个载体,精心研究教学方法,设计教学活动,突出培养学生阅读能力的教学,使英语阅读教学的有效性得到较好地发挥.为此,在教学实践中,我采用了“导——读——练”的阅读课文教学三步法并取得了较好的教学效
果.
1、导---感知教材
这是知识的输入阶段.导,即导入新课.指的是以教师为指导,对学生的阅读实践给予巧妙的导入.课文的导入,实质上就是课文最初呈现(Presentation),也是课文教学的“序曲”.巧妙而恰当的导入能先声夺人,使学生在心理上和知识上做好学习上的必要准备,引导学生进入良好的学习状态,激发兴趣和求知欲,从而自然地过渡到新内容的教学.导入部分应力求做到新颖别致、简练到位.课文导入后,为了进一步让学生初步感知课文内容,还可以趁热打铁,在学生兴趣得到激发时,进行“读前活动”(Pre-reading activity)为正式阅读做准备(Preparation for reading).
针对中学英语教材课文类型较多的特点,我们可采用灵活多样的导入方法,设计恰当精炼的导入语进行课文的导入.新课导入的方式是多样化的.教师往往运用启发手段,如问答、讨论、听有关材料,看有关插图或片段并提问等引入本课话题.
如:Junior Book3 lesson70《Because it’s there. 》,可开门见山,然后步步靠近主题.首先,精心挑选出与课文中所提及的Mt Qomolangma特征相符的图片,然后提出三个问题:
1. Do you know what’s in the picture?
2. What’s its name?
3. How much do you know about Mt Qomolangma?
问题1点击主题;问题2自然教单词Qomolangma;在学生回答第三个问题前组织一个小小的讨论,同时在图片上显示height, location, scenery, 并用简单的语言解释三个关键词的意思,使学生在讨论中不迷失方向.在收集学生的答案后,可归纳如下:
height: 8850 meters
location:between Tibet and Nepal
scenery: be covered with snow a misty mountain mist
在指出location时可截取相关地图具体显示其位置.这时,学生对Qomolangma已有了深刻印象.
T: You know Mt Qomolangma is so beautiful and amazing that it attracts many people to climb every year. Here is one of the climbers.
此时,显示从网上搜索到的Mallory真实图像,形成悬念.为调节课堂气氛,
T:Is the man strong ? Is the man handsome?
根据学生的思维发展,
T:You are right, but he has a strong mind , because he climbed Mt Qomolangma. Today we are going to know something about him.
直观形象的导入能极大地吸引学生的学习兴趣;学生带着疑问进行阅读又能对文章的理解更快、更准,阅读也会变得轻松.
2、读---理解教材
这同样是输入阶段.读,即指导学生阅读.阅读训练不仅仅是让学生看懂文章,重要的是对学生进行阅读方法的指导,如培养学生的阅读习惯,训练他们的阅读技巧等.阅读教学过程中老师应更新教学观念,灵活处理教材,仔细寻求文章内容与学生思维相关的切合点,指导学生在阅读中开展各种思维活动,如预测、想象、推论、判断、归纳、总结等,激活学生思维,有效延伸知识.阅读课的教学过程应该由整体到局部,再由局部到整体,即按“整体、局部、整体”的方法指导学生进行整体阅读和训练.只有这样,才能真正提高学生们的阅读理解能力.
第一步:略读(Skimming):布置任务,理解大意,把握整体 .通过阅读文章列出提纲、找出线索,根据线索来把握文章的整体性,了解课文大意和轮廓.如L70文章内容分三大块(1)介绍George Mallory 这个人物(2)以时间为线索介绍George Mallory 登Mt Qomolangma的经历(3)George Mallory的思想及蕴涵的精神 .
② 初中英语短文阅读感受
Flute " Robinson Crusoe " of good fortune, novelist of British, describe protagonist drift about on the island, overcome the difficulty, the legend story of pioneering an enterprise with painstaking efforts. Novel write true naturally, legendary. The protagonist plants the crops on the detached island, puts up the log cabin, has eaten the innumerable trials and tribulations, survive. Want, go back human world anxious, want to go how about go out of these damnable place only like make him to be fascinated, result fail, get back to, long separated for Britain for 28 year give me enlightenment by " Robinson's records of adventure " on 1868 year finally, tanacity of him let me wait for a chance to cause trouble, want, march toward another goal for life, look like Robinson like that spend one's own strength,reach ideal realm one's own. We need possess Robinson so spirit of struggle diligently.
英国小说家笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》描述了主人公漂流海岛,战胜困难,艰苦创业的传奇故事. 小说写得真实自然,富有传奇色彩.主人公在孤岛上种庄稼,搭木屋,吃了千辛万苦,生存下来.但想回人间的心切,使他着迷般地只想到如何走出这个鬼地方,结果还是失败了,最后于1868年回到阔别28年的英国
《鲁滨孙漂流记》给我以启示,他的顽强让我蠢蠢欲动,想要迈向人生的另一目标,像鲁滨孙那样用自己的力量,到达自己理想的境界。
我们需要具备鲁滨逊那样的刻苦奋斗的精神. 福尔摩斯英文读后感
Thoughts given by Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s Son
Written in the first chapter of the book Pride and Prejudice is an extraordinary sentence of which even a person who has had only a brief look upon the book will not fail to receive a deep impression-It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. In terms of Sherlock Holmes, we’d better alter the sentence into “It is a fact universally accepted by readers throughout the world that an excellent book in possession of our famous detective Sherlock Holmes is undoubtedly a masterpiece of all times.” Perhaps this is one of the most obvious explanations for the unrivaled popularity of “Holmes series” in the field of detective stories. Overwhelmed by the recommendations provided by my friends, I decided to take a look on this Sherlock Holmes and the Duke’s Son originally published by Oxford University Press.
As a whole, this book is about a case concerning the Duke’s missing son. Arthur, the Duke’s son, was found out in a certain morning to have disappeared, accompanied with which was also the disappearance of the German teacher. The school master Dr. Huxtable then turned to the famous detective of the time Sherlock Holmes for help. Realizing how tough and important the case is, Holmes immediately made up his mind to accept the case and followed Dr. Huxtable back to Mackleton by train. Having formed a rough idea about the whole matter, Holmes probed into the case immediately and had a careful investigation of the entire area shortly after the arrival, ring the process of which he discovered the body of the German teacher Heidegger. Finally, primarily e to his prominent ability as a detective, he managed to unravel the mystery and obtained the twelve thousand pounds promised by the Duke.
Having once started reading this fiction, I was completely immersed in the mysterious story presented by the book. As the saying goes, “Well begun, half done”. At the beginning of the story, just like many other detective stories, the author gives us a brief description of the condition by the words of a client. However, unlike other ones, this story first delineates the client’s strange behavior at length to indicate the severity of the incident in order to attract the readers to continue reading it. As is known to all, vivid depiction is essential to detective stories since it can help the readers understand each figure’s characteristics and visualize the scenes, thus making the story more authentic and attractive. Therefore, trying to present a “real world” to his readership, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the original “Holmes series”, has skillfully arranged the plots of the whole story from the perspective of Dr. Watson, a character not so specialized in discovering the truth hidden behind the enigmatic happenings as Holmes but so loyal to Sherlock Homes as a friend that he always accompanies Holmes wherever he goes. In this way, he elaborately depicted every scene and character in the book, Apart from the special start, the ending of the whole story, being dramatic but reasonable, is certainly an outstanding one. After all, except the author himself, who knows that the Duke’s seemingly ordinary secretary is in fact the Duke’s bastard? In addition, who knows that the Duke actually has already been acquainted with the whole thing before Holmes solves this complicated problem? Yet, surprising as it is, this ending seems so natural that it fits all the plots of the story perfectly well. While enjoying this wonderful story, I could do nothing but admire the wonderful design of this masterpiece as well as the author’s gorgeous writing skill. Closing my eyes, I can even “see” the story happening just like watching a film. Not until then did I understand why the Japanese cartoon film Detective Conan used this “Conan” as the name of its hero.
As far as I am concerned, nothing is more admirable and surprising in the hero Sherlock Homes than his profound knowledge which has certainly assisted him a lot when he was studying the case. Take the bicycle tyres for instance, Holmes actually is capable of recognizing 42 different varieties of bicycle tyres. What’s more, according to his other stories, Holmes has studied different kinds of newspapers, cigarettes, people’s footprints and other special things as well. Therefore, he seems to have the mastery of anything relevant to the cases he deals with. Except for his illimitable knowledge, Holmes also specializes in arranging the facts in order and then finding the fact leading him to a GREat discovery or even the truth itself. From his speaking “Every mystery has an answer”, we can readily shape the impression of a man with great intelligence and inflexible will. In this case, after getting rid of unrelated facts, Sherlock Homes eventually grasped the clue and discovered the amazing fact
③ 初中英语阅读感想
词汇量较高中较少,但生词对于一般初中生来说也是很多的,如果不想背好课外单专词,结合特属定语境联想词义是很管用的,如果真的用心读了,生词词义也就可以摸索的八九不离十了,其次是要注意答题技巧,笔者在此不多家赘述(度娘万岁!),总之,要多加练习!
④ 如何提高初中英语阅读能力及案例反思
初中英语阅读理解在中考中占有相当重的比例,因此,英语教师应大力去培养学生的阅读理解能力。根据几年的英语教学实践,我认为初中英语阅读教学应从以下几点做起。
一、设计兴趣情境,帮助学生理解课文内容
俗话说:“兴趣是最好的老师”。可见兴趣对学生学习有着重要的作用,尤其是英语这门学科,大多数学生对其不感兴趣,认为英语不好掌握,太难学。为了更好地完成英语阅读教学中每一课的教学任务,在教学之前,教师要尝试着围绕课文内容设计与之密切相关的能引起学生学习兴趣的练习题,让学生以这些练习题为引导,以轻松明快的节奏创设出快速度通读课文的教学情境,引发学生对英语阅读的学习兴趣,这其间选择重点内容让学生进一步理解,以利于获得更好的学习英语课文的信息,对下一步的英语阅读教学任务做好铺垫。教学中使用的现代化教学设备如:投影片,多媒体计算机等,能充分发挥它们拥有的效能吸引了同学们的注意力,调节了课堂上枯燥、乏味的气氛,学习英语的兴趣越发浓厚起来,他们的英语阅读能力得到了较大的提高。
二、强化英语阅读教学中语言的训练
有这样一则事例,中国的一位留学生在美国参加一个朋友的舞会时,他与一位女性跳舞时,女士说了一句:Are you pulling my legs? (你在开玩笑吗)。这位男性非常惊奇,并说,没有呀,我没有拉你的腿。这说明英语语言素材积累的不够,造成了尴尬的局面,影响了交际。那么怎样解决英语语言素材积累的不够的遗憾呢?这就需要中学生从阅读中进行积累,也要求英语教师进行强化英语阅读教学中语言的训练,语言积累多了交际能力也就提高了。在阅读中,我引导学生以前面的练习题为教学语境去理解词语的意思,由原来的逐词阅读变为句子阅读,近而抓住课文的主要语句,串讲课文并要求学生复述,使学生在学习中获得实际运用语言的本领。
三、注重感性认识到理性认识的培养
认识事物的真正任务在于透过现象看本质,因而对语言文字的感性认识上升到理性认识,即深入理解,准确体会作者的情感,领悟语言的表情达意的规律。在阅读教学内容的关键处提出问题,牵一发而动全身。实践表明:对学生注重感性认识到理性认识的培养这种教学设想是提高英语阅读教学的有效方法。学生对课文由简单的词句理解变为理性的情感理解,学生对这种知识掌握越深刻,教学难度越低,阅读理解能力越强。
四、良好的师生关系是学好英语阅读的前提
课堂教学的过程,是在师生之间进行信息传播的情感交流的过程,在这个过程中,教师要不仅组织学生的智力活动,而且要调动学生的情感因素,使学生在心情愉快中学习,良好的师生关系也就成了学生能否学好英语阅读知识的前提。
首先,教师要尊重、关心、信任学生。尊重、关心、信任学生,和学生友好相处是营造和谐课堂氛围的基础,在教学活动中,教师与学生在心理上形成一种稳定,持续的关系,不仅是在知识、能力上的交往,也是情感心灵上的沟通、交流,首要的是教师要对学生关心、信任、尊重。课堂上,教师要与学生以平等、同志式的关系与学生相处,从各个角度上表现出对学生的尊重、关心与信任,使同学们在没有束缚,没有压力的情况下融入集体和谐的氛围中,同学们对英语阅读的学习更加积极,理解能力得到逐渐的提高。
其次,通过师生合作,用良好的师生关系进行科学性的教学活动。英语课堂上要经常开展口语交际活动,教学中,我时常鼓励学生之间围绕本课的阅读内容进行互相提问,并组织学生进行表演,因为和蔼可亲的教师释放了学生的心理压力,所以同学们都积极参与,课堂气氛十分活跃,同学们在轻松愉快的环境中掌握了知识。
最后,每天的英语课我都以饱满的精神状态把微笑带进课堂,以我的良好情绪促使学生形成一种良好的心理状态,来接受本节课的阅读教学任务。在英语阅读教学中师生关系的好坏,直接影响同学们的学习兴趣。建立良好的师生关系,能够引起师生共鸣、学法和教法的共振、知识和能力的统一,从而最大限度地提高英语阅读教学的效率。
五、教学中不忘培养学生的自学能力
自学能力对初中学生来讲不是不可拥有的能力,但在实际上多数同学仍然存在依赖的心理,因此,我在英语阅读教学中不失时机地培养学生的自学能力。首先,引导学生克服心理障碍,树立自信心,在学生英语阅读知识取得点滴成绩时予以表扬,让他们觉得自己能行。有了自信心,他们对难题就有了挑战性,就会积极主动进行阅读学习。其次,我在阅读教学中,为学生提供一些较好的学习英语阅读的自学方法,自学能力的独立性是相对的,它并不排斥教师的点播,因此教学中,我鼓励学生用不同的自学方法进行尝试性自学,用适合学生自己特点的自学方法去学习阅读知识,这样一段时间下来,学生的阅读理解能力得到了提高,自学能力也有了相应的进步。
六、阅读中渗透作文教学
大纲指出:“在英语作文教学中要引导学生把从阅读中学到的基本功应用到自己的作文中去。”这就是说:从阅读中学作文,学生理清了课文的思路,训练就要深化,从举一到反三,从课内向课外延伸,从而完成了知识的迁移。
总之,只有学生拥有了好的学习英语阅读知识的方法,才能提高阅读理解的水平。
⑤ 初中英语阅读教学怎样教
我的经验是:
首先, 我会先念一遍整篇文章/短文. (念的时候可以让学生边听专边看著课本, 看看学生是否属大致上能理解整篇文章)
接著, 将新的单字挑出来, 教念几次, 并解释, 以及make one or two sentences with that word.
然後, 再利用手势, 动作 及解说等方式让学生了解文章的内容
再来, 可以带领学生念几遍
(完成上述几个步骤, 学生应该对文章有不错的理解度了)
接著, 可以利用一些Q&A(问与答), 或 True or False (对或错) 的活动来测试学生的reading comprehension.
最後, 如果可以的话, 可以练习一下仿写(Rewrite), 这样可以加强他们的写作能力.