① 如何进行小学英语阅读
对于怎样进行阅读教学老师们都有自己的操作方式,特别是最近又举行了全国小学英语阅读教学研讨会,很多专家也作了点评,想必一些老师已经对阅读教学有了一些想法。下面我们就来接这个问题进行讨论。
(一)阅读教学的方式
根据前面讨论的阅读教学的目的,阅读教学的方式应该是两种,第一种方式把阅读材料放在每一单元的前面,作为一个单元学习的开始,在阅读材料中包含了本单元的新词和新句,如北师大版的“先锋”教材和外研版“新标准”教材,在单元后面所有的学习内容和学习活动是围绕故事来开展的,我们可以称这种方式为“基于阅读的教学”;第二种方式是把阅读材料放在一个单元的后面,作为复习巩固提高的一种素材,或者叫做一种阅读学习的材料,来给学生提供一个进一步巩固和补充的机会,帮助学生内化新知识点,培养学生英语阅读的兴趣和初步的阅读能力。比如人教版的教材。这两种形式的阅读教学在实际操作的时候是有些区别的。今天我们可能更多涉及的是第二种方式,将阅读材料作为一种巩固提高的素材。
(二)阅读教学的准备工作
1. 分析教材(阅读材料)
分析教材是进行阅读教学的一件很重要的工作。目的是在教学中突出重点、突破难点,提高教学效率。分析教材的方面有:
(1)教材中对阅读材料的要求是什么?
(2)新词和新句子有哪些?这些新词句是否影响学生阅读理解?
(3)通过阅读材料的学习,比较适于学习或巩固哪些语言知识,发展学生的哪方面技能等。
下面我们就PEP教材中阅读板块进行以下分析。
高年级阅读板块(Read and
write, Let's
read)是在每单元的A、B项的第五或第六个板块,前面几个板块,如:Let's learn、Let's find
out、Let's try、Let's
talk.等的作用是学习新词和新语句,练习新词和新句。如果我们把这些称作单项练习的话,Read and
write板块就是综合练习,把在前面几个板块中学到的新词和新语句,放在一个情景里,通过一小篇阅读文章,再一次呈现给学生,再一次让学生体会和感知新语言的使用场景,这一板块起着复习巩固的作用。这一作用正好是我们前面提到的阅读教学的第二种方式,“把阅读放在一个单元的后面,作为复习巩固提高的一种素材,或者叫做一种阅读学习的材料,来给学生提供一个进一步巩固和补充的机会,帮助学生内化新知识点,培养学生英语阅读的兴趣和初步的阅读能力。”也就是说我们在学习这一板块的时候,是为了让学生对本单元的新语言知识学得更牢固和扎实。
教材中阅读板块的特点是什么呢?
(1)有情景。举例,在B5U1 part B中,两人正在谈论学校的新老师,在B7U1 part A中,两人在谈论怎样去公园。
(2)绝大部分的语言是学生学习过的。
(3)有一些新的语言,这些新的语言是场景对话时所必需要的,这些新语言不太影响学生的理解。
(4)都有相应的练习,帮助学生理解阅读材料和发展相应的技能。如:B5U1 part B:Describe Jim's new math
teacher. B7U1 part A:Answer the
questions. 阅读理解的练习已经设计好了,教师可以利用,也可以根据学生的需要在重新设计。
2. 分析学生
基础教育改革的核心理念就是要基于学生发展,关于学生发展,为了学生发展。“一切为了学生的发展”应该是我们所有教学行为和教学活动的出发点。
《英语课程标准》中指出:学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。英语课程在目标设定、教学过程、课程评价和教学资源的开发等方面都突出以学生为主体的思想。课程实施应成为学生在教师指导下构建知识、提高技能、磨砺意志、活跃思维、发展个性、发展心智和拓展视野的过程。
分析学生的方面有:
(1)学生生活经历与阅读材料之间的关系。
所谓生活经历主要包括学生自身、家庭、社区等方面的经历,是学生熟悉的,有亲切感的内容,能够反映他们的思想和感受,诱发他们行动的欲望。如果教师能够根据学生熟悉的,有亲切感的内容,设计出能够反映他们思想和感受的课堂活动,将诱发他们参与活动的欲望。比如说新起点教材里有一篇介绍爱迪生的文章,在学习这篇文章前,老师要分析学生对爱迪生知道多少,知道的多少对学生在阅读文章时的理解有关系。特别是教材当中与文化有关的阅读材料,更需要分析学生对文化部分掌握多少。再有,农村地区的孩子和城市的孩子也不一样。
(2)学生的心理和年龄特点,智能因素和认知能力等。
这个分析说的是不同年级的阅读教学,因为大孩子和小孩子在心理上的差别很大,所以了解儿童心理特点有助于阅读活动设计的实效性。
(3)学生的语言能力范围。
这也是很重要的一点,学生的语言能力是搞好阅读教学的重要保证。同一篇阅读材料在不同地区不同学校,所处理的方式就不同,比如在课时比较多的学校,处理十分钟,可能在农村校就要处理半个小时。
(4)预测学生在学习本节内容时的好的方面和可能出现的问题,为设计阅读后的练习做准备。
(5)与学生阅读材料相关的其他学科的学习内容,学生学习了多少,掌握到什么程度。
教育部在新课程设计中,强调学科之间的整合,强调信息技术的应用。学习英语不仅是为了满足个人人际交往的需要,也是为了用英语获取各方面的信息,学习其他学科的知识。学科内容的横向交叉对学生的整体发展会起到积极的促进作用。比如很多教材里都会有表示方向的阅读文章,在阅读这类文章之前就要考虑,学生学过东西南北的概念吗?
还以PEP教材为例(高年级Read and write, Let's
read),进行学生分析:
(1)学生已经学习过了阅读材料里的大部分语言,在文章的理解方面应该问题不大,也就是说不需要老师的帮助也可以把文章读懂。
(2)文章中有些延伸的内容学生可能认识/不认识(具体列出来是哪些,是否影响学生理解文章大意)。
(3)学生的哪些学习技能还有欠缺,是单词不熟练还是句型不熟练。
3. 制定教学目标
根据教材和学生,制定相应的教学目标。虽然我们前面讨论了阅读教学的目的,但是由于各地区的条件不同,在阅读教学目标的设定上还是有所区别的。比如发达地区的学生,素质较好,课时又多,开展阅读教学的目的就不单单是为了巩固提高。条件相对比较不好的地区,学生需要利用阅读材料巩固新知识。老师们一定要根据自己学校和学生的实际情况,把阅读教学的目的弄清楚,这样才能谈到怎样进行阅读教学。
我们先来看教材中给出的教学建议:
B4U1 part
A
Read and
write
1. 请学生观察Read and
write部分的情景图,预先空出来需要书写的四会单词,让学生独立思考,填充对话。
2. 强化练习拼读单词picture,可以小组竞赛的形式进行。
3. 练习书写句型“Is this a ... ?”时可从陈述句“This is
....”中衍生问句。先请学生排列一组单词成为新句子,然后改正新句中的错误,如:打头单词的第一个字母需要大写;第二个单词的第一个字母不需要大写;句末句号改为问号等。用这种形式可以充分体现以学生为中心的自主学习,在轻松愉快的气氛当中突破难点。
4. 让学生听录音并跟读,教师还可设计一些简单问句检查学生对于对话的理解程度。
5. 游戏。学生A从书包里拿出一件文具放在身后,问同桌:What's this? 同桌回答:Is this a ... ?
如果答对,学生A给同桌敬个礼。
B5U1 Part B
Read and
write
1. 教师先让学生仔细看本部分挂图,请学生描述图中女教师,叙述错误也没关系,鼓励学生尽量多说。
2. 学生阅读对话,提出不理解的单词和句子,教师解答或请其他学生尝试解答。
3. 看挂图、听录音带跟读对话,注意理解和体会,然后完成句子填空。
4. 教师指导书写,让学生在练习本上仿写句子,可进行“看谁写得好”的竞赛活动。(通过这种方式发展学生“写”的能力)
B8U3 part
A
Let's read
(说明:在做这个活动以前,教参建议先学习story
time)
1. 教师说:“Zoom had a busy weekend. Wu Yifan had a busy weekend,
too. Please read the passage and find
out.”学生默读或朗读课文,独立完成短文后的填空练习。
2. 挑战记忆活动
教师板书Wu Yifan's
weekend,然后提问:“What did Wu Yifan
do last
weekend?”学生合上课本,仍记忆回答问题。教师板书相应的动词短语,请学生分小组把短语按出现的先后顺序排列。
3. 师生一起根据板书的提示描述Wu
Yifan's weekend。(复述练习,发展学生口语表达能力)
4. 教师放课文录音,学生看书跟读两遍后齐读。
5. 学生以小组为单位,复述Wu Yifan's
weekend。(强化复述练习,面对全体学生。)
PEP教材培训包对B8U3 part
A部分的建议:
1. 说一说Wu Yifan的周末(本单元part A 部分阅读材料),引出张鹏的周末。
2. 学生阅读短文。
3. 读后做相应的练习。
(1)回答问题。(原则是要用到文中的句子,这种方式是通过阅读训练学生的口语表达能力。说明:阅读课中回答问题的练习,都要尽量遵循这一原则。)
How did Zhang Peng go to
Mike's home?
What did Zhang Peng do at
Mike's home?
What did Mike and Zhang
Peng do in the park?
What happened?
Who helped Mike get the
kite ?
How did he get the
kite?
(2)完成书上的练习Wu Yifan's
weekend。
(3)找出动词的过去式,然后与原形连线(老师事先准备好练习纸)。(语法练习)
present
past
is,
am saw
walk flew
study was
fly studied
see swam
swim walked
(4)以小组为单位练习复述。
(三)阅读教学的基本过程
从以上的教学建议我们可以看出来,阅读的基本环节是pre-reading,while-reading和post-reading。那么,每个环节的作用是什么,我们又是采用什么样的方法更好地达成我们的教学目标呢?
1.
Pre-reading(阅读前)
在pre-reading部分一个最重要的目的是背景上的介绍,它让学生进入这个故事的发生的背景。另外做一些准备活动,像warming up,包括知识的准备和文化背景的准备。pre-reading部分是以准备为主,实际上就是为后面学习做些准备活动。一般没有必要呈现所有的生词,只呈现那些对阅读理解形成重大障碍的生词。因为学生会在课文的语境中判断出生词的含义(根据语境判断课文中生词的含义是阅读策略)。
Pre-reading的活动设计应根据学习内容的不同,采取不同的方式。比如问答、讨论、小测验、游戏等,复习相关的词汇和语言结构,或从标题和图片入手,猜测故事的主题,使学生适度了解文章内容等。以B8U2 Part B Read and
write为例,可以设计一个发指令做动作的练习,复习turn
left, turn right, go straight; 如果想渗透阅读中的句子,也可以发指令:Walk east / north / south / west for two
steps。
Pre-reading在活动设计的时候,要注意学生的年龄特点,高年级学生的活动最好是有思维能力的,有挑战性的。
2. While-reading(阅读中)
While-reading是学生自己阅读的环节。这一环节最重要的是让学生在读的过程中去理解关键信息,去获得关键信息。为了达到这个目的,要让学生在阅读的过程中边读边完成一些任务,比如一边读一边填写表格、完成图形或者摘录信息等。这个时候重要的是训练阅读技能,当然也可以强化语言知识,比如一边阅读一边在文章中找出某些类型的或者某些主题的词汇,做成一组词。有的老师会把语法也作为这个时候的一项内容,比方说一边读一边把文章中的重点的某些句型找出来等。PEP教材中每篇阅读材料后面都会有相应的练习,学生可以在阅读的同时完成这些练习。如果老师认为还不够,可以再出相应的练习。
以下方式供参考:
1. 把相关图片和文章的各个部分配对;
2. 把打乱顺序的词语句子和段落正确排序;
3. 完成不完整的句子和完型练习;
4. 通过完成清单、制表格等方式重新组织所读内容;
5. 完成能反映阅读内容的活动:绘图、配对、识别、选择、分类等。
这一环节注意的是,要给学生留有充分阅读的时间,要让学生有眼看、脑想的时间和过程。老师尽量少提问题或讲解,可以在学生阅读后再做这些事情。
3. Post-reading(阅读后)
Post-reading是读后理解性的检测环节。以往的Post–reading活动仅限于知识层面的,如做一些阅读理解题等。前面我们谈到,阅读不仅仅是学习知识的载体,还是培养学生英语学习能力的载体,特别是在小学阶段。按照现代教学理念来讲,可以通过阅读活动来发展学生的其他英语学习技能,这些读后回答可以是一些小的任务。
比如:
1. 在图片和词语提示下复述故事,主要是为了巩固和提高特别是在语言表达方面的能力。
2. 读后联系所读的故事让学生能够结合自己的生活经验和情感做一些讨论和思考。
3. 画卡通,设计书签,介绍该故事给其他人。
4. 组合式讲故事——分小组的故事接龙。
5. 表演短剧或者木偶戏。
6. 讲述类似的个人经历。
下面还会举一些读后的活动实例供大家参考。
(四)具体实例介绍
PEP教材B5U3 Part B
Step 1:
Pre-reading
1. 课件呈现超市图,包括蔬菜、水果、肉类、饮料。与学生对话并板书句型。
2. 小组讨论What's your favourite fruit / food / drink?
并汇报。(语言:I like .... I don't like
.... )
3. 学习have to。
教师出示一个上边写着 beef 的食品袋,T: Who likes beef? Hands up.
准备把食品袋递给某举手的学生。教师从举手的同学中点一名体型比较胖的同学说:
Oh. You're heavy. You have to eat vegetables.
把学生手里的牛肉换成蔬菜。可以示范2-3次,然后让学生猜一猜 have to 的意思。
Step 2: While-reading
1. 略读,并作练习(√or ╳):
(1) Does Monkey like apples? (
)
(2) Does Rabbit like
grapes? ( )
(3) Does Zip like carrot
juice? ( )
(4) Does Zoom like beef? (
)
2. 细读,并回答问题:
(1) Rabbit doesn't like
grapes. Why?
(2) Zip like carrot juice.
Why?
(3) Zoom likes beef. Can he
have it? Why?
3. 读、写(完成书上的练习)。
Step 3:
Post-reading
1. 看录像或听录音。
2. 学生跟读两遍。
3. 角色朗读和表演。
4. 调查好朋友对食品的喜好。
5. 完成短文填空练习。
I am ____. I like ___.
They're (It's) _____. I don't like ______. They're (It's) ______.My friend is
______. He (She) likes _____. They're (It's) _______.
6. 口头汇报。
7. 互相阅读。
② 小学英语阅读理解题及答案20篇
建议你上卓越买一本书:小学英语阅读100篇天天练 /每日15分钟(3-6年级),我的孩子用过,真的很不错,你可以试试,祝你进步!
③ 求小学生英语阅读材料10篇 带翻译
The Old Cat
An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.
Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."
【译文】
老猫
一位老妇有只猫,这只猫很老,它跑不快了,也咬不了东西,因为它年纪太大了。一天,老猫发现一只老鼠,它跳过去抓这只老鼠,然而,它咬不住这只老鼠。因此,老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了,因为老猫咬不了它。
于是,老妇很生气,因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫,猫说:“不要打你的老仆人,我已经为你服务了很多年,而且还愿意为你效劳,但是,我实在太老了,对年纪大的不要这么无情,要记住老年人在年青时所做过的有益的事情。”
A man was going to the house of some rich person. As he went along the road, he saw a box of good apples at the side of the road. He said, "I do not want to eat those apples; for the rich man will give me much food; he will give me very nice food to eat." Then he took the apples and threw them away into the st.
He went on and came to a river. The river had become very big; so he could not go over it. He waited for some time; then he said, "I cannot go to the rich man's house today, for I cannot get over the river."
He began to go home. He had eaten no food that day. He began to want food. He came to the apples, and he was glad to take them out of the st and eat them.
Do not throw good things away; you may be glad to have them at some other time.
【译文】
一个人正朝着一个富人的房子走去,当他沿着路走时,在路的一边他发现一箱好苹果,他说:“我不打算吃那些苹果,因为富人会给我更多的食物,他会给我很好吃的东西。”然后他拿起苹果,一把扔到土里去。
他继续走,来到河边,河涨水了,因此,他到不了河对岸,他等了一会儿,然后他说:“今天我去不了富人家了,因为我不能渡过河。”
他开始回家,那天他没有吃东西。他就开始去找吃的,他找到苹果,很高兴地把它们从尘土中翻出来吃了。
不要把好东西扔掉,换个时候你会觉得它们大有用处。
④ 小学英语阅读理解20篇
1. One day Mr. and Mrs. White go shopping by car. They stop their car near a store. They buy a lot of things and they want to put the things in the car. But Mr. White can’t open the door of the car, so they ask a policeman to help them. The policeman is very friendly to help them. Just then a man comes up and shouts: “ are you doing with my car?”
Mr. and Mrs. White take a look at the car’s number and they are frozen there. It isn’t their car.
( ) 1. Mr. and Mrs. White drive for ___________.
A. fishing B. shopping C. business
( ) 2. They stop their car _________.
A. at the parking spot B. near the sea C. near the store
( ) 3. They want to put the things _______.
A. in a big bag B. in their car C. in other’s car
( ) 4. Mr. White can’t open the car, so __________.
A. they walk home
B. they ask a policeman to help
C. they call a taxi
2.Mr Brown lives in a nice house in a small town with his wife(妻子) , Mrs Brown. From Monday to Friday he works in an office near his house. He is free on Saturdays and Sundays. He has a nice garden beside his house. He likes growing flowers and he often works in the garden on Saturdays and Sundays. The flowers are very beautiful and Mrs Brown likes them very much. She often helps Mr Brown.
( )1. Mr Brown lives in _________with his wife.
A. a city B. a small town C. a big town
( )2. He works_________ days a week in his office.
A. four B. five C. six
( )3. He isn’t _________on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. free B. busy C. happy
( )4. He likes _________ on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. working in his garden B. walking in his gardon
C. looking at his garden
( )5. Mrs Brown _________ the flowers.
A. like B. doesn’t like C. often helps
3.There is a new park near my house. It’s a fine day today. My family and I are in the park now. On my left, there is a cafe. On my right, there is a big lake. There are many fiowers and trees near the lake. There’s a small hill behind the lake. Near the lake, there is a sign. It says,“Don’tswim in the lake!”There is a playground in the middle of the park. There are some small shops near the gate. The park is so beautiful. We like it very much.
( )1. The park near my house is _____.
A. new and beautiful B. old and beautiful C. clean and new D. old and clean
( )2. Is there a cafe in the park? ______
A. Yes, there isn’t. B. No, there isn’t. C. Yes, there is. D.No, there is.
( )3. Peopie can’t _______in the lake.
A. swim B. fish C. boat D.play
( )4. The shops in the park are4 not _______
A. small B. big C. good D.pretty
( )5. -Do we like the park? -________
A. Yes, we do. B.No,we do. C.Yes, you do. D. No,we don’t.
3Have you ever been to Beijing, our capital? It’s far away from
Guangzhou. IT’s 2,478kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou. The cityof Kunming is 1,706 kilometers away from Guangzhou. It’s always warm
there. But it’s very hot in summer in Wuhan, which is 1,225
kilometers away from Guangzhou. Changsha is near Guangzhou. It’s 833
kilometers from Changsha to Guangzhou. Do you know which city is the
biggest in China? It’s Shanghai. It’s 1,780 kilometers from
Guangzhou to Shanghai.
If you travel by air, you’ll find it very interesting and fast
enough to fly from Guangzhou to Beijing. It only takes you about
four hours and you’ll get there easily, safely and unhurriedly. But
traveling by train is quite different. You have to stay on the train
for more then thirty hours to arrive in Beijing. More and more
people like to travel by air. You can see why, can’t you?
1. If you have been to Beijing , our capital, you’ll
know______.
A. it’s not far away from all the other cities in China.
B. You have to travel long y land from Guangzhou to Beijing
C. It’s not far away from us all.
D. It’s not far away from Guangzhou
2. From the passage we know ____has the longest way to
Guangzhou except Shanghai.
A. Wuhan B.Changsha C.Beijing D.Kunming
3. Which is wrong?
A. Wuhan is very hot in summer.
B. It’s warm in winter in Guangzhou.
C. It’s as warm in winter in Kunming as Beijing.
D. It’s 1,225 kilometres from Wuhan to Guangzhou.
4. Which is right?
A..Kunming is 2.478 kilometres away from Beijing.
B.It’s 833 kilometers away from Guangzhou to Changsha.
C.Beijing is the hottest city in China.
D.Guangzhou is the biggest city in China.
5. Why do more and more people in China like to travel by
air?Because ________
A. it is faster and more interesting than by train.
B. Chinese people like planes.
C. Traveling by train is much cheaper
D. It is more expensive and faster than by train.
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⑤ 小学英语阅读理解练习题(字要少)
十、 阅读短文,判断下列句子是否与短文内容相符,相符的请在题前的括号内打√,不相符请的括号内打×。(每题2分,共10 分)
Amy is my best friend. She’s a nice girl. She’s ten. She’s tall and quiet. She has long hair and a small mouth. She has big eyes and a small nose. She likes music, computer games and painting. She likes books, too. She has fifty story-books. She is a good student. I like her very much.
( )1. Amy is my sister.
( )2. Amy is not quiet.
( )3. Amy has 15 story-books.
( )4. Amy likes painting and books.
( )5. Amy has long hair and a small nose.
答案:×××√×
九、 Read and choose
阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容,判断对错(每小题2分,共10分)
Hello! My name is Tom. I like English very much.. My favourite food is beef, eggplant and tofu. I’m very helpful. I can do the dishes, set the table and water the flowers. Today is Saturday. I often read books, do my homework and watch TV on Saturdays. What do you do on weekends?
My home is near a river, there are some mountains behind my house. There is a road in front of my house, you can see two bridges over it .Welcome to my home .
( ) 1. Tom likes beef ,eggplant and tofu.
( ) 2. Tom can sweep the floor.
( ) 3. Tom often water the flowers on Saturdays.
( ) 4. There are some mountains in front of Tom’s house.
( ) 5. There are two bridges over the river.
答案:√ × × × ×