❶ 如何提高英语阅读能力本科论文
我们在大量的阅读过抄程中必定会遇到一些生词，而如何处理这些生词是一个不可忽视的问题。如果一遇到生词就停下来查字典，那么，不仅会影响阅读的速度，还会挫伤阅读的积极性。所以我们必须掌握一些猜词技巧。一般可以从上下文的同义词、反义词获知词义；也可以从语境中猜出词义。可以根据因果关系，同义线索等猜词。
❷ 如何在阅读实践中提高英语阅读能力毕业论文6000字
要成稿的话，不现实，要模板的话，网络文库很多的，如果是找人帮忙的话，我就可以的，当然还有很多地方都可壹腾论文网可以找到你想要的。
❸ 关于提高英语阅读的英语文章(急!!!)
In spite of “endless talk of difference，”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse， and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th——century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite. “these were stores “anyone could enter， regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. “The mass media， advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture， which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum， Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population； in 1900， 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990， 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1，000 residents； in the 10years prior to 1890， 9.2 for every 1，000. Now， consider three indices of assimilation–language， home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English‘well’or‘very well’after ten years of residence. “The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation， the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families. “Hence the description of America as a“graveyard”for languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75.6 percent， higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S–born whites and blacks. “By the third generation， one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics， and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks， yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America？ Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America‘s turbulent past， today’s social inces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
1.The word “homogenizing”（Line 2， Paragraph 1） most probably means
[A] identifying
[B] associating
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
2. According to the author， the department stores of the 19th century
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
3.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
[A] are resistant to homogenization.
[B] exert a great influence on American culture.
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.
[D] constitute the majority of the population.
4. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5？
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public‘s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
5.In the author’s opinion， the absorption of immigrants into American society is
[A] rewarding.
[B] successful.
[C] fruitless.
[D] harmful.
重点词汇：
homogenize: vt.cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing；均质化，使（某物）成分均匀
【形】 homogeneous a. 由同类部分组成的
【名】 homogeneity n. 同种，同质
【构词】词头：homo- 同、相同 如 homophone n. 同音异形词； homosexual a. 同性恋的
democratize: vt. become (more) democratic; of nations 使民主化
【例】democratize the administration of an organization 使一组织的管理民主化
【名】 democracy n. 民主、民主政治，民主制度； democrat n. 民主主义者；（Democrat指美国民主党党员或其拥护者） democratization n. 民主化
【形】democratic a. 民主的，民主政治的；民主作风的，平等的
discourse: n. lengthy or serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 论文、演讲 vi. talk、preach or lecture about sth（usu at length）（通常长篇大论的）论说、宣扬或讲授某事物
【例】The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects 演讲者头头是道的论述了一系列问题。
intimate: a. having or being a very closely or friendly relationship 亲密的,私人的,秘密的； private and personal 私人的，个人的；
vt make sth known to sb exp discreetly or indirectly 将某事透露给某人，（尤其指谨慎的或间接的）暗示、示意
【例】She has intimated to us that she no longer wishes to be considered for the post 她已向我们透露希望不再考虑让她担任该职。
【习】be/get on intimate terms with sb （渐渐）熟悉某人并关系密切
【名】intimation n. 示意、暗示
cater: v. provide food or services，esp. at social functions 备办食物或服务（尤其指社交方面）；投合,迎合
【用法】 ～ for sb/sth 由某人/某事物提供、迎合 （即主语必须是被用来迎合sb/sth的那个东西）
～ to sth 满足某种需要或要求（即主语必须是发起迎合动作的主体）
【例】TV must cater for many different tastes 电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好。
Newspapers catering to people’s love of scandal 迎合人们爱看丑闻消息的报纸
【名】catering n. 承办酒席（的行为或行业） caterer n. 承办酒席的人
elevate: v. lift up，raise to a higher place or rank 举起,提拔 ； make the mind or morals better or more ecated 使思想或道德更好，更有修养
【例】 He has been elevated to the peerage 他已升为贵族 The teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教师希望给小学生读宗教故事来提高他们的修养.
【形】elevated a. 好的，高尚的 elevating a. 提高思想道德的，引人向上的
【名】elevation n. 提高、被提高，高度（尤指海拔），建筑物正视图
unprecedented: a. 空前的
【例】Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. 科学和技术已经开始渗透了我们生活的各个领域；结果，社会正以空前的速度改变着
resistant: a. relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)抵抗的,反抗的
【例】This new type of infection is resistant to antibiotics. 这种新的传染病对抗菌素有抗药性。
【名】resistance n. 抵抗，对抗
❹ 如何提高英语阅读能力 论文
一、查阅法。
查阅法是一种查寻式阅读，它是从阅读材料中有目的，有选择地迅速查找某一具体事实或特定信息的技能，其要求是快速，准确。即没有必要通读全文，只要能快速找到想索取的有关内容就算完成了阅读任务。
在考试中，学生做阅读理解题时，这一方法就可以应用，即学生先把文章后面的问题读一遍，看清每个题干是什么意思，然后，带着这些问题去读文章，这样，就有明确的目标，没有必要每个词，每个句子都要弄清楚,而仅能回答问题即可。总之，这一方法要求学生在不连贯的、跳跃式的阅读中能够迅速掌握所需信息。
二、猜测词义
有些学生在阅读时，一遇到新词就不知所措，总是去查字典以求得正确解释，结果影响了阅读速度，从而达不到阅读的目的，也使阅读量大打折扣。
阅读中的生词大致可分两类：一类是基本上不影响对文章理解的生词；另一类是对文章理解直接相关的生词。对于第一类生词，既使我们不知它的确切含义，仍可较为准确地理解原文，因此完全可以跳过去不予理会。阅读时，应切记的一点是：不要试图弄清文章中每一个词的确切含义，否则既影响速度，又影响理解。
至于与文章理解直接相关的生词，我们可以采用以下方法推测词义。
1、利用上下文来猜测词义，例如：
The Biggest in the word
Peter dozed off while his teacher was talking.
Teacher: Peter!Tell us,what is the biggest in the world?
Peter: Well,well ....eyelids.
Teacher: What?Eyelids?
Peter:Yes,sir Because as soon as I shut my eyes ,the eyelids cover everything of the world .
该短文中，“eyelids ”一词根据上文中的“shut eyes”档住眼睛的东西，猜出是“眼皮”之意。
2、通过原文中提供的例子来理解词义。
例如：suffxes： such as _ ing 、 _ed 、 _s 、_ful and _less， may cause spelling changes when added to words .
句中给出了“suffixes ”的几个例子，_ing、 _ed、 _s 、_ful ,这些都有是常见的单词后缀。通过这些例子，我们便可知道“suffixes”的意思是“后缀”。
3、运用对比法猜测词义
对比法常用的词或词组有：but ,while ,however,yet ,otherwise...通过使用这些词，我们可以对生词进行对比猜词义。如：
（ 1） The paint on the cottage had peeled in a few places,otherwise they looked well kept。
句中的“peel”可从“otherwise”后面对比猜出是“脱落”之意。
（ 2 ） Jack was thin while his wife was really obese句中的“obese”通过while 与 thin对比那意思为“胖”
通过定义或同位语来理解词义
如：（1）Meterologists,people who study weather and weather patterns still have difficulty predictly the weather.该句中“ people who study weather and weather pattern”作为“meterologists”的同位语，其实是对“meterologists”的解释和说明。由此可判断，“meterloogists ”的意思是“气象学家”。
（2）Acrophobia,or fear of height,can make life difficult for tight rope walker who suffer from it.
这个句子中“fear of height”是对“acrophobia”的解释是“恐高症”之意.
三、根据构词法猜测词义
有时，我们在阅读中会遇到 一些似曾相识的词。这些词大多是由熟悉的单词派生或合成的。遇到 这类词不必去查字典，我们可利用构词法知识推测其词义，掌握了这一技巧，就会在很大程度上减少生词的数量。
英语可以通过三种形式构成新词，即转换、派生、合成。
1、转换：一个单词或词组由某一种词类转化为另一种词类，叫转换。转换后的词义与转换前有密切的关系，例如：
（1 ）The sick and wounded were to be taken good care of by the nurses.
（2） These clothes are intended for the old .
以上两个句子中的划线部分是由形容词加定冠词转化而来的名词，表示一类的概念指具有某种特点的一类人，不是指个别人。（1）句中的“the sick and wounded ”意为“伤病员”（2）句中的“the old ”意为“老年人。”
2、派生：在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，变成一个新词，这种方法叫派生。
词缀有前缀，后缀两种，通过加前后缀派生的新词，在意思上与原来的词相关。但前缀改变词义，例如：happy(高兴的)—unhappy(不高兴的 )、 like(喜欢的) —unlike(不喜欢的) 、 regular(规则的)—irregular(无规则的) 。后缀改变词类，例如：kind(adj和蔼的）—kindness(n和蔼);、 help (n ) — helpful (adj),由名词转化为形容词或由形容词转化为名词。由此可见懂得前后缀的基本作用和意义，便于我们阅读的进行。
3、合成：将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成。合成的词义也很容易从每个词原来的词义中推测出来。
例如：You can buy such things as toilet soap toothbrushes and toothpaste.
句中的“toothbrush and toothpaste ”是合成词，分别由tooth(牙齿)+brush(刷子);tooth(牙齿)+paste(糊膏)构成；由此可猜出“toothbrush”为“牙刷”，“toothpaste”为“牙膏”之意。
四、理解句义的技巧。培养学生抓句子中的关键词，领会句子大意，以及分意群理解，明确全句大意等。
例如：Edisson planted vegetables/ in his garden/ and sold them to buy / what he needed for his lab .此句共有十七个词有些学生往往看一个词想一个词，逐词注视，阅读速度既慢而且不易掌握全句的意思。如按上面的斜线处停顿时，则全句只要“注视”四次即可。阅读速度可以提高几倍而对句子的理解也要完整得多。
五 、对意思含糊的段落的处理
由于词的意思不明，而造成段落的意思模糊不清，这是阅读中常遇到的。解决这一问题较好的办法是反复阅读。一般地说，多次阅读的过程是逐渐加深理解的过程。往往开头难但看了几遍之后，就能逐步明白其意义了。有些难懂的句子，根据上下文，仍可以猜出它的意思。一篇短文，如果我们能看懂百分之七十五以上的意思容许有百分之二十五左右的误差，这是正常的现象，例如下面一段：
The two largest islands of Great British Isles are the Great British and Ireland .There are three regions in Great Britain.They are England ,Scotland and Walse.
此段中“regions”一词未学过，但通过上下文中所提供的线索以及学过的地理知识，不难猜出它的词义是“地区，行政区”。
❺ 怎样提高英语阅读(论文)800字左右
1 初期,语言学家就发现男女两性在英语使用方面存在着明显的不同。0 年代以后,人们对男女在句法、音位以及在用词上等言语模式的性别差异及其形成原因进行了大量研究,并提出男性支配、性别角色社会化和相称语域种具有代表性的理论,为英语教学奠定了理论基础。但对男女两性在英语使用上的差别,如果只停留在言语模式差异及原因的探讨上,不仅在理论上具有局限性,也影响理论研究在英语教学中推广应用的实际效果。本文依据性别角色理论,从语言思维、专业兴趣、成就动机、自我意识和社会认知个方面,对英语学习的性别角色差异心理特征和行为表现进行分析阐述,以便拓展英语教师的教学视野,有的放矢,因材施教,提高学生的英语学习成绩。二、男女在认识能力方面的性别角色差异认识过程是人脑对信息的接受、编码、贮存、提取和使用的过程,由感知系统、记忆系统、控制系统和反应系统所组成。感知系统接受由环境提供的信息,即首先把刺激的基本特征抽取出来加以组合;记忆系统是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取活动;控制系统决定目标的先后顺序,监督当前目标的执行;反应系统则控制信息的输出。英语学习比学习本民族语言难度要大,要求学习者具备相应的认识品质,包括感知力、注意力、记忆力、思维力和想象力等,才能顺利高效地完成学习任务。大脑的单侧化研究表明,大脑左右两半球的功能是不一样的,大脑左半球司语言思维,被称之为言语优势半球,右半球司空间识别,被称之为非言语优势半球,左右两半球在功能上的差异,导致男女在语言思维和空间识别能力方面存在着差异,女性大脑左半球较发达,在语言思维方面较优势,男性大脑右半球较发达,在空间识别方面较优势。男女大脑左右两半球在功能上的差异,直接影响男女的语言思维,而语言思维直接影响男女的认识过程。从性别角色的社会化过程看,社会对男女用脑习惯的期待,往往受男女生理差异所左右,并进一步强化了男女在认识过程上的差别,使女性在英语学习中的感知力、注意力、记忆力、思维力和想象力等综合认识能力明显优于男性。如在感知觉方面,女性对语音差异的辨别力明显优于男性。在记忆力方面,女性对词汇和语法规则等以形象记忆和机械记忆为主。在思维能力方面,女性比男性更偏向于形象思维,在需要语文功底和文化底蕴的写、译方面成绩较好。在想象力方面,女性比男性更善于通过表象的加工、改造和重新组合,进行听、说、读、写、译。此外,教学实践表明,女性在英语学习中的注意力也比男性稳定和集中,学习成绩普遍高于男性。作为英语教育工作者,应针对男女在认识方面存在的性别角色差异,充分发挥女性学习英语的优势,进行重点强化和培养。同时,针对男性学习语言的天赋不如女性的事实,如注重音标、词汇、语法 项英语语言基础知识的训练,教师在对音标发音技巧进行讲解和示范的基础上,要督促他们通过各种途径,不断加大口头模仿实践的频率和强度;在记忆英语单词和语法规则时,要帮助他们充分理解课文的材料内容,运用有关经验进行有效的理解识记。三、男女在专业兴趣方面的性别角色差异兴趣是力求认识、探究某种事物的心理倾向,学习兴趣是指学习者力求获得某种知识时的情绪意向。兴趣是受社会历史条件制约的,个人所处的时代不同,社会地位不同,对他所感兴趣的客观事物的评介也有所不同。男女在认识能力倾向方面表现出来的性别角色差异,塑造着个体性别角色观念和性别社会化方向,而性别角色观念对男女专业和职业倾向具有重要影响。国内外社会心理学工作者围绕适合男人和女人的职业各有哪些做了许多调查研究,研究结果比较雷同。多数人主张男性适合担任工程技术人员、科研人员、管理人员、公务员、法官、律师、军人、警官、经理、外交官等职业;而女性则适合担任公务员、教师、医生、记者、翻译、律师、导游、空姐、设计师、营业员、服务员、保育员、纺织工、秘书、护士、缝纫师、办事员和广播员等职业。这些调查结果也得到社会实践的证明,男性取得成就的传统领域往往是与语言无关的领域,诸如工程技术、科学研究、计算机网络、金融、企业、海关及外企等,女性取得成就的传统领域往往是与语言密切相关的领域,诸如艺术、教育、法律、服务及设计等领域。学生在选择专业和职业时,往往以性别适合性为准则,女生对语文、法律、外语和历史等人文学科较感兴趣。根据各高校专业选择的统计结果,在专业兴趣方面存在着明显的性别角色差异,大学英语专业女生比例远远高于男生,英语教师的比例也是女性多于男性。大量研究表明,学习英语的兴趣与学习英语的成绩是呈正相关的,如果对英语学习不感兴趣,不可能取得良好的学习成绩。由于女生选择英语专业是源于对英语的热爱,因此,浓厚的学习兴趣,使她们在英语学习中比男生更具主动性、持久性和稳定性,英语成绩也远远超过男生。而男生一般对数理化更感兴趣,很多男生不是自己主动选择英语专业的,而是在理科考学无望或为满足父母的心愿,而做出的无奈选择。因此,入学后,他们对英语学习普遍缺乏兴趣,甚至出现因心理疲倦而逃课的现象。我们知道,兴趣是多种多样的,依据兴趣是由事物本身还是由事物结果所引起分直接兴趣和间接兴趣;依据兴趣效能分积极兴趣和消极兴趣;依据兴趣持续时间分短暂兴趣和稳定兴趣。由于兴趣是在社会生活实践过程中形成的,也随着生活实践的变化而改变,因此,兴趣是可以培养的。为了提高男生的学习英语成绩,可以从培养他们的间接兴趣入手,根据男生兴趣广泛、知识渊博、涉猎领域广泛、在“读”的方面强于女生的优势,结合我国高等学校英语教纲对学生各级阅读速度的具体要求,在各级统考的基础上,举行形式多样的阅读理解竞赛,通过间接兴趣的培养,使男生在成功的体验中,唤起学习英语的内驱力,不断提高他们学习英语的求知欲,使之取得良好的学习效果。
四、男女在成就动机方面的性别角色差异成就动机是一种想要做好事情的社会动机,它与个人对自己的高要求、高标准有关,与个人的高抱负水平有关。一个有强烈成就感的人,就有决心要做好一件难度很大的工作,这么做并不是要争取地位,而仅仅是想要做好这件事情。他们希望得到外界客观的、公正的评介,并不过分重视个人的名利。心理学家普遍认为,男女在成就动机方面存在着性别角色差异,男性成就动机的强度和水平普遍高于女性。这种差别影响职业理想的导向,在专业选择和英语学习中都可以反映出来。调查表明,男生选择英语专业时,一般受远景性动机所支配,是在客观评介自己能力倾向的基础上,做出实事求是的选择,而且,具有较高的抱负水平,特别注重英语的实用性,把英语专业选择和职业理想及自身发展有机地结合起来,主要目的是借助英语这门外语工具,去谋取与个人职业理想相匹配的工作,以成就一番事业,提高自己的社会地位。女生选择英语专业时,一般受近景性动机所支配,对英语语言本身有比较浓厚的兴趣,英语学习过程本身就能使她们感到满足,而且抱负水平也较低,更多的是考虑女性具备语言思维方面优势,学习英语比学习其他专业把握大,不想去冒险,力求平稳,避免失败,以顺利完成学业为目标。在英语学习中,男生表现出较高的独立性和抱负水平,追求成就的动机高于避免失败的动机,更能接受那些较复杂的、带有创造性的困难工作,完成既定任务后,能维持较高的动机水平,不会简单地重复去做同样的事,而是不断尝试去做更为困难的工作,例如在英语写作和翻译中,语汇运用上非常灵活,能不断尝试用意思相近的单词互相替换,特别是在口语表达上,敢于大胆开口,口语的流利性和在外语交际能力方面都表现得比较突出。而女性自信心较低,避免失败的动机高于追求成就的动机,愿意解决较简单的、非创造性的问题,完成教师布置的作业后,往往以此为抱负水平,反复地去做同样的工作,以减少对失败的焦虑,例如,在英语写作和翻译中,语汇运用不如男生灵活,一旦遗忘了某个单词,很少尝试用意思相近的新词进行替代,而是刻意地苦思幂想,导致写译技能的下降。在口语表达方面,开口比较谨慎,特别注重语言形式和口语的准确性,严重影响外语的有效交际。此外,男生由于成就动机强烈,对于他人的要求也高,在诸如英语辩论等小组化集体性课外英语活动中,他们愿意选择与有能力的同学一起合作,以提高工作效率。而女生则更注重自己在小组中的地位,为了能给听众留下独特美好的印象,过于关注自我的装束、言辞、表情和动作等方面的包装,甚至在潜意识里希望本组同学的能力都在自己之下。由于许多英语教师头脑中持有女性能力比男性能力低的性别刻板印象,在英语教学中普遍存在对男女生要求宽严不一的现象,在女生和男生的作业量相当的情况下,女生却有更多机会获得较高分,在课堂英语纠错时,教师在批评男生时更多地使用严厉的语调,而批评女生的语调相对要委婉得多,对男生当众纠错的次数也比女生多。这种宽严不一的教育要求,可能会对学生带来“女不如男”的性别刻板印象,这会对学生学习积极性产生消极的影响,从而降低女生的成就动机。我们知道,英语学习的效果和其他专业学习一样,取决于能力与动机两个因素,而且成就动机比能力更重要,因此,教师在英语教学中,应设法改变女生头脑中所持有的性别角色观念,对女生和男生要求要一致,给女生和男生布置安排难度和复杂度相似的作业和课外活动,设法改变消除“女不如男”的性别角色观念和消极影响。根据男女在成就动机方面存在的性别角色差异,更多地注重女生成就动机的培养,应弄清楚推动女生学习英语的主导动机是什么,是对专业的热爱,是实现个人抱负,是自卑使然,是为了就业,是为了获得父母的喜欢,还是盲目进行的选择等等,以便随时进行富有针对性的指导,关注女生的独立思考能力和创新精神的培养,鼓励她们不满足于现状,丰富、充实自己的英语学习内容,积极参与有一定难度的作业和课外学习活动,如在英语阅读评析中,要鼓励女生改变传统的寻求统一、崇尚等级、服从权威的英语学习模式,敢于挑战权威,独立地、客观地、多角度地对问题进行深入思考,对有争议的问题敢于直抒己见,充分展现个性。培养创新意识,不断提高独立性、抱负水平和成就动机的强度。五、男女在自我意识方面的性别角色差异自我意识是自己对于所有属于自己身心状况的认识、体验与控制,包括生理状况的自我意识,如身高、体重、形态等;心理特征的自我意识,如兴趣爱好、能力、性、气质等;自己与他人关系的自我意识,如自己与周围人们相处的关系、自己在集体中的位置与作用等。个人的自我意识是由自我认识、自我体验与自我控制力 种心理成分所构成的。心理学研究表明,男女在自我意识方面存在性别角色差异。从总体上看,男性比女性对自己的认识评介更客观,对自己力量充满信心,在学习和工作中,独立性较强,心理活动始终处于积极的状态中,而女性自信心、独立性和自我肯定意识较差,容易接受他人暗示。男女在自我意识方面存在性别角色差异,在英语学习中也表现得比较明显,因此,教师在教学中可将“暗示教学法”的 条原则应用于英语教学领域,用某种含蓄间接的方式,通过语言、行为和信誉对学生的心理和行为产生影响,使学生不自觉地按照一定的方式接受教师的教学理念和教学要求。“暗示教学法”的 条原则,一是保持愉快、轻松、集中的心理松弛状态的原则;二是有意识与无意识统一的原则;三是暗示手段相互作用的原则,这些原则和研究对各科教学具有普遍的指导意义,也同样适用于英语教学。我们在外语教学中发现,暗示对学生的生理、心理与行为的影响效果表现出明显的性别差异。一般来讲,女生由于自信心不足,富于情绪化,社会阅历较浅,往往容易接受直接暗示,而男生自信心较强,富于理性,社会阅历较深,往往容易接受间接暗示,外语教师应针对性别角色的差别,灵活运用暗示教学法的 条原则。顺便提一下 几天前帮我指导的ABC天卞英语的助教和我们说过 若要学好英语应该是不费力地；必然具有适合的学习环境以及实习口语对象，最关键就是外教水平，欧美人士比东南亚好很多 口语标准才可以，坚决逐日口语沟通，一对一家教式辅导才能够有很.好.的进步效率！课后还要回放复习录音文档 帮助加强记忆~实在是真的无口语交谈的人 最好能去听力室或沪江拿到课外教材练习，多说多练不知不觉的英语水平就培养起来 学习效果是绝对突飞猛进的..在外语教学中,教师要根据女生自信心不足、富于情绪化和容易接受他人直接暗示的心理特点,不断提高外语教学水平,时刻树立自己在女生心目中的学术权威地位,赢得她们的信赖遵从,使之产生对教师的亲切感和信任感。同时,也可以借助沙龙、演讲和竞赛等大型非正式群体活动,给他们提供充分自我表现的学习,满足她们愿意在同学面前获得教师认同、好评、赞扬和表现自己的需要,提高他们学习外语的自主性和积极性。在此基础上,通过办板、专栏、外语角等多种宣传途径形式,多次反复地将英语教学的目的、要求、意义和方法直接提供她们,使她们迅速而无怀疑地加以接受,从而提高教学的效果。针对男生独立性强、富于理性、社会阅历广泛,所作所为不愿意被他人行为所支配的特点,在英语教学中,教师要尽量少用命令的形式去提出要求,多用间接暗示法,用含蓄的语言,设置具体的教学情境,巧妙含蓄地加以引导。我们知道,外语言语技能的形成都必须以一定的语言材料为基础,积累语言材料最重要的一个方面是掌握外语词汇,词汇在教学中据一定的地位。通常学生在学习外语时一般都感到词汇很难记,再就是记熟了许多词,在外语的表达时提取不出来,用时容易出错,这种词语贫乏现象在男生身上表现得非常明显,他们在外语口语表达训练中,容易出现畏难情绪和厌倦心理,失去学习外语的兴趣,教师在计划表达内容时,不妨将学生的这种不良心态慎重设计到故事主人公身上,也可利用句子的命题内容反映教学者欲表达的思想和意义,以即兴含蓄的形式进行暗示性纠错引导,将事物的意义间接提供于对方,使他们意识不到教师的真正动机,迅速而无怀疑地接受教学内容。在此基础上,再经常让他们充当正式群体活动和非正式群体活动中的支配者和组织者,在保持他们独立性和自尊心的情况下,使其在自然的心理状态下,理解教师的教学意图,端正学习态度,服从教学管理和遵守教学秩序,引导他们在愉悦的心境中,不断提高学习英语的积极性,在读、听、说、写、译方面,向更高的学习目标发展。六、男女在社会认知方面的性别角色差异社会认知是个人对他人的心理状态、行为动机和意向做出推测与判断的过程,是依据认知者的过去经验及对有关网的分析,而对外来信息进行心理表象和加工的过程。这个过程取决于每个个体先前的期待和判断时所采用的标准。由于男女的心理活动和实践经验不同,他们对外界信息的期待和采用标准的选择与简化也存在差异。英语教学离不开教师与学生之间的人际互动。我们都知道“人微言轻,人资言重”的道理,在英语教学的微观社会情景中,学生对教师的社会认知印象与教师在学生心目中的威信密切相关,并直接影响学生对教师授课的情感接纳、听课态度和教学效果。在英语教学中,常常受第一印象的影响,依据社会心理学研究,男女在社会认知方面存在着明显的性别角色差异。英语教学实践证明,学生对教师的认知首先是通过教师的容貌、体态、衣着、仪表和谈吐等外在特征,推测与判断教师的个性特征、外语水平和教学能力。男生和女生观察的角度和注意的方面是不一样的,男生主要以教师的身段、仪表、教态和教学风为网,对教师进行内在综合素质做出评判,女生则习惯于从教师的表情、言辞、目光和着装打扮等外在特征,对教师做出肯定或否定的评介。因此,英语专业教师要兼顾不同性别学生的社会知觉特征,全面塑造与职业角色相匹配的社会风度。例如,在口语教学中,男生特别注重教师口语表达的流利性,女生关注的则是口语表达的准确性,教师就应同时兼顾口语表达的流利性和准确性,才能充分发挥外在职业特质在调动学生学习积极性和提高英语教学效果方面的特殊作用。综上所述,男女性别不同在英语学习中存在许多性别差异,总的来讲,女性比男性更具语言天赋,男性比女性更具成就感和独立性,作为英语教育工作者,应了解和正视女生学习语言的天赋优于男生的事实,充分发挥男女两性学习英语的优势,扬长避短,进行富有针对性的重点强化和培养,使他(她)们的潜能都能得到最大限度的开发。但也不能过分夸大英语学习的性别差异,还要挖掘发现男女两性共同的心理特征,进行有目的、有计划、有系统的教育,圆满完成我国高等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教纲和大学英语教纲的要求。
❻ 求一篇关于 “如何提高英语阅读”的英语论文
Reading is one of the four basic skills which learners are required to master if they want to learn a foreign language. English reading can improve reader’s perception so as to give a lot of help to improve listening, speaking and writing. It can increase knowledge, widen their visions, and enhance their interest in English. However, in China, in foreign language learning, many learners seem to have difficulty in reading accurately and efficiently. To help the learner become a more efficient reader, it is crucial to improve their reading ability. This paper clearly states how we should improve reading ability by adopting the following methods: improving language knowledge, enlarging the reader’s schema, forming a good habit of reading, applying reading skills, be confident and active in reading. [Key words] reading ability; language knowledge; reading schema knowledge; reading skills 1. Introction These days the influence of the English language is increasing. Today no matter you like it or not, English is the closet thing to a lingua franca around the globe; English is very widely used for business. Between different countries, most business letters around the world are written in English, and three quarters of the world’s books and newspapers are made in English. Reading is one of the four basic skills which learners are required to master if they want to learn a foreign language. English reading can improve reader’s perception so as to give a lot of help to improve listening, speaking and writing. It can increase knowledge, widen their visions, and enhance their interest in English. So it is clear that it’s very important to do a lot of English reading. But the problem is that many English learners seem to have difficulty in reading accurately and efficiently. Moreover, in various international and domestic examinations, English reading has taken larger and larger part. In this situation, how to improve English reading draws more and more attention. This paper tries to state some points as how to help English reader improve their reading ability. 2. Improve your language knowledge The language knowledge here mainly refers to vocabulary and grammar. Your language knowledge can help you read both fast and with high comprehension. 2.1 Vocabulary The English language has about 750, 000 words, and more new words are coming into use daily. Also, words are constantly being redefined. Each word takes additional meanings as time passes until it has many meanings. It has been proved that the readers with small store of vocabulary will find it very difficult in reading comprehension. How to solve this problem? According to the study of Hatch and Brown，learners' strategies for 1earning vocabulary fall into five essential steps: 1) having sources for encountering new words; 2) getting the forms of the new words; 3) learning the meanings of the words; 4)making a strong memory of the words; and 5) using the words. This word acquisition theory not only manifests the inner rule or vocabulary learning but also reveals the three important aspects of vocabulary learning: word form, word meaning and word use.[1] Therefore, we can build up our vocabulary from the following aspects: Firstly, learn about word formation. You can enlarge your vocabulary by using the rules of word formation, Many words in the English language are made up of word parts called roots, prefixes, and suffixes, like“ sad ”, “sadly”, “sadness”, and so on. Therefore, this method is used to help readers get the meaning of an unknown word by analyzing the word structure, which is by dividing words into usable parts such as roots, prefixes and suffixes. If you know a number of commonly used prefixes, roots and suffixes, they will be of use in unlocking the meanings of unknown words that you find in your reading. For example, when you know the word “courage”, “ encourage，discourage，courageous” will not be new to you.[2] Secondly, collect the new words you often meet in reading. That doesn’t mean encouraging you to consult the dictionary whenever you meet a new word in reading. The appropriate way is to try to guess the word meanings from context clues, from the words around it, and then you will graally know the clear meaning of the word after meeting it often. And now, if you look it up in the dictionary, you will have a good memory of it. Thirdly, learn a certain number of new words by heart every day. Young students have good memories. It is possible for you to memorize some words every day without much difficulty. You can choose some words for yourself, which is very helpfu1. When you meet these words in your reading，you will feel easy, “Aha, I’ve known their meanings. ” You will feel confident and more interested in reading. 2.2 Grammar Language is composed of words and grammatical structures. The accurate rate of comprehension is based on the mastering degree of the words and grammar. In case of learning a language, for instance, a child or a beginner who learns a foreign language, learns some words first, then begins to get in touch with the regulation of sentence --grammar, then he can use words to make sentences himself. Only by understanding the rules of the game, you can win the game. Sometimes, we find some learners recite a large number of words and they can say the meaning of them as they see them, but when these words are arranged into a sentence, these learners cannot make sense of them. Why? That is because they are not familiar with grammar. Grammar is the skeleton, which proces the variety of different words combinations. We know that if you thread coins with a cord, you can carry away many coins at a time easily; if the coins scatter on the floor, it is hard to pick up every one. Grammar is like the cord to give life to the combination of words and make the expression diversified. It makes us know the approval, interrogatory or surprising tone and the like. Mastering grammar is the basic step to make progress on English reading. More exercises on grammar are all too good and no harm can come of it. Sometimes, in the reading, you will find that comprehension of an entire passage depends on your ability to understand a single sentence. Sentences, which are very long, sentences, which have more than one meaning, or sentences, which contain difficult grammatical patterns often, cause comprehension problems. In this case, readers should keep the following points in mind. (1) If the sentence is long, try to break it up into small parts: The general then added, “The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.” You should read the sentence like this:” The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems/caused by the current unstable political situation/is one of the diplomacy and economic measures/and not the use of military force.” (2) Look for key words that tell you the relationship within a sentence. “The West had sent armies to capture and hold Jerusalem; instead they themselves fell victim to new ideas and subtle influences,” “ Instead ”indicates that something happened contrary to expectations. 3. Enlarge your schema about various topics and things “The importance of reader’s knowledge of the world has been long emphasized in the reading processes. The role of this previously acquired knowledge in language comprehension has been formalized as schema theory.”[3] According to schema theory, comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader’s background knowledge and the text. The more you already know, the less you need to find out. A good reader does not read passively only for the prepositional meaning of each sentence, but more importantly, he reads for the meaning at the pragmatic level. He can understand not only its surface meaning decided by vocabulary and grammar, but also the real purpose of the writer in using a particular piece of language. He does this by creating an effective discourse between himself and the writer to negotiate meaning. 4. Form a good habit of reading If you are reading for meaning，try to read fast. Some people read very slowly. They think that reading slowly helps them understand better. That is not right. As a mater of fact, the faster you read, the better you understand. The expression“haste makes waste” does not apply to reading. Remember, nothing hurts concentration more than reading too slowly. Your mind will keep up with your reading speed if you ask it to. By always reading at your top speed, you challenge your understanding and make it easier for your mind to concentrate on the materia1. To improve your reading speed, you must get rid of the following bad habits: a．Point at words or hold a pen or a pencil or ruler under the line while reading; b．Mumble the words to yourself or say the words in your mind，though other people cannot hear you reading; c．Read back from time to time; d．Stop reading at occurrence of the unknown words to look them up in the dictionary.[4] A good reader should develop a correct method of reading. That is to train himself to read attentively ( not to read back) and silently (not to read aloud), sentence by sentence, not word by word. Whenever meeting a new word, try to guess the meaning from the context. Consulting the dictionary from time to time not only affects one’s reading speed and the comprehension of the reading material, but also gets the reader frustrated. 5. Apply various reading skills 5.1 Prediction