高考阅读真题英语中英国文化

❶ 高考阅读理解或高中英语阅读理解带有全文翻译的书有哪些

高考阅读理解：王长喜英语四级考试书——标准英语阅读全文翻译100篇，每篇文章都有全文翻译，后面的结构分析也很详细，你可以买本看看，四级英语比高中的英语词汇量大，如果看得话，可以增加你的词汇量，当然，是高考超纲的看起来会比较吃力。

高中英语阅读理解带有全文翻译：新概念英语第四册吧，比较经典的书，几十年了。针对阅读理解，建议还是提高自己的阅读能力，我是速读协会会员，给你推荐一个提高阅读能的工具：

1、阅读能力是一个笼统的概念，阅读包含阅读速度、阅读理解力、整理归纳分析能力等，语文、英语阅读在阅读速度、归纳提取重点两个方面表现得更明显。

2、培养阅读能力，首先要掌握科学高效的阅读方法，也就是练习快速阅读（速读），其次养成阅读的习惯，多读多练。

阅读能力是需要从小培养的，快速阅读是一种科学、高效的读书方法，它激活我们的“眼、脑”潜能，培养我们直接把视觉器官感知的文字符号转换成意义，消除头脑中潜在的发音现象，越过由发声到理解意义的过程，形成眼脑直映式的阅读方式。

最终实现阅读提速、整体感知、理解记忆的飞跃。具体练习可以参考：《精英特速读记忆训练网站》，《精英特快速阅读记忆训练》是我们协会认可的，安装软件即可进行试用训练，我自己练习过的，用正式软件坚持每天练习一个多小时，15-30个小时，阅读速度差不多能提高5-10倍的。

提高阅读能力，培养读书兴趣，让阅读成为习惯，对于提高自己的认知和思考不无裨益。

3、如果是正在考试或者正在忙着备考的学生，特别阅读记忆差的，我建议学习一下精英特，精英特速读也是我们协会认可的。

(1)高考阅读真题英语中英国文化扩展阅读:

高考过后，“一条草鱼”刷了屏。事出2017年高考浙江省语文卷，其中有一道现代文阅读题，讲的是一碗草鱼汤的美味。

因为题目之难，有人戏称，枉费在朋友圈转发了那么多条“好运锦鲤”，没想到败给了一条草鱼。更火上浇油的，是文章原作者巩高峰现身，称“标准答案没出来，我怎么知道我想表达什么”。

阅读理解题，原作者竟然“理解不了”？这种极富视觉冲击力和讽刺意味的事件，几乎每年都会成为热炒话题。作家周国平日前甚至出书，题目就是《试卷中的周国平》，表达了对阅读题出题方式的不满。巩高峰之所以一夜变“网红”，正是因为这种“反讽”。

有人认为，这是高考命题不合理的典型例证：作者本人都不知道“想表达什么”，考生怎么会知道？这样的考题，能检测出真实的语文水平吗？

然而事实真的如此吗？我们不妨厘清两个概念，“写作”和“命题”。很多时候，“写作”是一种浑然天成的状态，作家纵然会“设计”，但往往受笔下人物、事件牵引，水到渠成，如果边写边想“这段用两种修辞”“下段用一组叠词”，恐怕难入佳境；

“命题”恰恰相反，对命题者来说，如何用一篇文本，最大程度地考查学生语文素养，是其终极目的，在这个过程中，有分析、解读、升华等“化验其成分”的过程，再正常不过。

矛盾就在这个过程中产生。“画美人者”和“解剖美人者”，心境毕竟不同，要求前者干后者的活儿，不可能没有别扭感和冲突感，更可能“当时就这么写的，没细想为什么”。

其实说到底，很多作家写作时，凭借扎实功底和深厚积淀，很多时候“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”，但对考生而言，必须说出个一二三来。

原作者不会阅读题，看似矛盾，实不矛盾，因为两者目的不同，结果自然可能会有出入。正如巩高峰表示：“小说我写完了，跟我就没关系了，谁爱怎么解读都是可以的，老师拿去出题当然也是可以的。”

分解剖析名篇佳作，进行阅读理解，是语文教学的重要方式。学语文如同学体操、武术，一开始要进行动作分解，经过反复练习才会变成本能；也如学书法、音乐，都要经过临摹、背诵、模仿的阶段，等到了一定水平，自然会厚积薄发。

正如中小学生写作文时，允许想象、虚构某些场景、情节，抒写积极正面的思想感情，这不必解读为“撒谎作文”，对阅读理解题“答案”的把握也是如此。

古往今来许多大师、大家，谁一开始不是从学习别人起步的呢？作为一名中学生，被老师用阅读理解题的方式“扶一程”，很有必要。等到掌握了各种技巧，具备了一定素养，自然不必寻寻觅觅“作者想表达什么”，而能自成一家之言。

从这个意义上说，我们不妨对“原作者做不对阅读题”现象多点理解和宽容。阅读理解命题最难的一点，是文章向来仁者见仁、智者见智，“一千个人心中有一千个哈姆雷特”。

但考题就是要提炼出共识部分，让“一千个考生心中只有一个或几个哈姆雷特”，否则就要扣分，争议的焦点就在于此。难道问题就无解了吗？不尽然。

语文教学中，阅读理解不可或缺，考试也必不可少，但要想达到真实检测考生语文素养的目的，题目不妨灵活一点，少点“标准答案”，允许“言之不同”，只要说得在理，就能得分。

这样，无论是对培养学生的阅读能力还是发散思维能力，抑或是增强考试的科学性、准确性，有百利而无一害。

当前，高考改革正在稳步推进，但“宏观层面”居多，对“微观层面”的改革尚需发力，阅读理解考试改革不妨先行一步。

❷ 哪里有历年高考英语阅读理解真题及其译文下载

网上有很多昂，历年高考真题，历年高考模拟题还有高考作文。 推荐绩优堂的，有试卷，有app，网站也有提供下载的，而且试题后面还有视频详解。

❸ 为什么中国的高考英语试卷题好多英国人美国人都看不懂语法不会做 凭什么要我们必须会 为什么连美国

先问是不是，再问为什么。你怎么知道英国人美国人都看不懂，都不会做？
参考拂菻坊（英国人）做中国英语题的视频，谣言已破。可以在Bilibili视频站上找到。在视频中拂菻坊和其他英国人一起做了些中国英语试题，均表示语法词汇类试题（选择、完型之类）非常容易，只是阅读题有难度（大概由于出题思路是中式的？），和中国人正好相反。
虽然中国的应试教育使得外语学习脱离实际，但这不是不学外语的理由。
你可以把你所学的东西理解为基础，不学走路，怎么学跳舞？当然你用走路的姿态去跳舞，自然会显得很逗比就是。如果你对学校教的这种不实用的英语感到不爽，那就好好学啊，学好了再标榜自己学的东西比学校教的渣渣玩意不知道高到哪里去了，这样面子有了，气出了，B格也高了。
希望你不是以此为借口给自己不学英语的理由。

❹ 高考英语阅读选题目题如何做

一、考点聚焦
1、题型特点
阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的能力。《中学英语教学大纲》规定，中学生应侧重培养阅读理解能力。
阅读材料的选取原则为：
（1）阅读量不少于1000个单词。近三年超过2000字篇数为5篇，读速要求为44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。
（2）题材多样化，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、史地、经济、新闻报道乃至广告说明。
（3）体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。
2、试题要求
（1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。
（4）既理解某句、某段的意义也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
（5）能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。
3、基本能力
（1）能迅速看准每句的结构，抓住主句的主语、谓语、宾语。
（2）有一定的词汇量和辨词能力。
（3）能灵活运用所学语法知识，根据句中的某个词迅速断定真假、语态和时态等。
（4）对英美文化背景知识有一定了解。
（5）有良好的思维能力，能边看边加工所得到的信息，从而作出正确分析、判断和综合。
（6）有平时大量阅读作基础，有一定的语感和相当的阅读速度。

二、应试技巧点拨
1、四个步骤
（1）速读短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。
（2）看题。了解考查内容，带着问题读材料，寻找答案。
（3）复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。
（4）核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能找到（从文中）根据，确保正确无误。
2、四个善于
（1）关于审题，找出文中依据。
（2）善于寻找线索。
（3）善于抓主题句，解决概括题。
（4）善于筛选、比较、衡量、综合文章的有用信息。
3、三个避免
（1）只见树木不见林。
（2）难题耗时太多。
（3）阅读方式不当。

三、精典范例
例1 （NMET 2001）
Shanghai: Car rentals（出租）are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing instry.

The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.

The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.

Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up ring holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Year's Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.

The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees（白领雇员），who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.
( )1. The words "deluxe sedans","minivans"and "station wagons"used in the text refer to ___________.
A.cars in the making B.car rental firms
C.cars for rent D.car makers
( )2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.
B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employees.
C. More firms are open for service ring holiday seasons.
D. Some firms rent out all their cars ring holiday seasons.
( )3. Shanghai's car rental instry is growing so fast mainly e to ___________.
A. better cars supplied by procers.
B. fast service offered by car rental firms.
C. the increasing number of white-collar emplioyees.
D. people's growing interest in travelling ring holidays.
解析：
1.C。上文提到："Shanghai Bashi旅游车租赁中心"提供了广泛丰富的选择，可判断选择的内容为可供租赁的车型。故选C。
2.D。文中提到的数据70%为"每月汽车租出量"，故A、B都不正确。"This figure shoots up ring holiday seasons …, with some recording 100 percent rental"判断出D项陈述正确的，即"一些公司在节假日里能够把汽车全部租出去。"
3.C。文章最后一段引用"汽车租赁中心市场经理"（Zhuang Yu）的话解释了上海汽车租赁行车迅猛发展的原因根源于"the growing population of white-collar employees"。故选C。

例2：（2004年全国卷II）
Rome had the Forum. London has Speaker's Corner. Now always–on– the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.

Liz and Bill, two college graates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.

Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,"Talk to Me."they attract conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.

They don't collect money. They don't push religion(宗教). So what's the point?

"To see what happens, said Liz."We simply enjoy life with open communication（交流）."
Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.

"It started as a crazy idea,"Liz said."We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything."

Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.

Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease."That was very heavy on my mind,"Marcia said."To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,"she explained.

To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.

They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say they'll consider.
1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?
A. Chatting with people. B. Setting up street signs
C. Telling stories to strangers D. Organizing a speaker's corner
2. What they have been doing can be described as .
A. pointless B. normal C. crazy D. successful
3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?
A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.
B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.
C. They organized the get-together in the city park.
D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.
4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?
A. Go in for publishing. B. Do more television programs.
C. Continue what they are doing. D. Spend more time reading books.
5. How do they like they idea of writing a book?
A. They have decided to wait a year or two
B. They will think about it carefully
C. They agreed immediately
D. They find it hard to do that
解析：
1.A。本篇讲述了两个大学毕业生与陌生人交谈，倾听人们向他们倾述的互惠的活动。文章从联想开始，简介Liz and Bill（这是两个人的名字，又是交谈与倾听活动的名称）做什么，怎样开始的，效果如何，未来打算等，其中等六段和第七段是插叙（从shortly after…到…experiences, anything.），讲述的就是两个年轻人怎样开始这一活动的。故选A项；开始与人聊天。
2.D。Liz and Bill活动很成功。从倒数第二段可知：为庆祝该活动一周所举办的聚会，有许多人参加，记者和摄影师都来了，说明很成功。
3.D。Liz和Bill同许多人谈生活，倾听过许多人跟他们谈心，Denise和Marcia是其中的两人。提到他们来做例子。
4.C。最后一段的前一句说明他们还想吸引更多的人来加入这一活动，与他们聊天。故选C。
5.B。本题问Liz和Bill怎么看待写本书这回事，全篇最后一句可知，但本句结构较复杂。something是代词，是a book的同位语，"they'll consider"是定语从句，"they say"起到插入语的作用。全句可译为：有些出版商表达了给Liz和Bill 出本书的兴趣，Liz和Bill说他们会考虑这件事。consider一词可解释为think about carefully，"something"指出书写书。故选B。

例3：
My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: "Mrs.Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision（视觉模糊）ever since her medical test this morning."I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.

This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting(用……代替)St . John's word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.

My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. She's probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldn't have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.

What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.

Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose（诊断），treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.

1.The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew .
A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests
B. the patient was being unreasonable
C. the nurse was joking with him
D. Mrs. Jones would call him
2. What had caused Mrs . Jones' eye problem?
A. Wrong glasses B. Medical checkup.
C. Her own imagination D. Chatting on the Internet
3.The underlined words"clouded her judgment"in the last paragraph probably mean .
A. made her less trustful toward the doctor
B. put her in control of her own feelings
C. made her less able to think clearly
D. put her in a dangerous situation
解析：
1.B。本篇讲一个医生要结束一周的工作时几分钟内的心理历程。一周来，病人们不断怀疑或不信任自己，其中一个病人Mrs.Jones也来电话说上午看完病后眼睛看不清东西，医生先是烦躁，进而担心焦虑是否真的有问题或病人只是在想像，再而是高兴——Mrs.Jones只是戴错了眼镜，自己的诊断治疗没问题。最后是惭愧，病人还是信任自己的，自己也必须信任病人。文章第二段活用了许多过去完成时，说明这些事先发生，许多病人开始没道理地怀疑自己，现在又轮到Mrs.Jones。所以医生知道这位病人有些没理性。
2.A。第四段的前几句说明了Mrs.Jones视力正常，（下班）离开办公室时拿错了眼镜。
3.C。画线部分中cloud作动词用，是用云挡住的意思，整体画线部分应是"影响了她的判断力，使她不能正常思考"，本题可用代入法解决。

例4：
It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't : run on solar energy—energy from the sun's light and head!
Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology（神话）。
The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of "green",or environmen- tally friendly, cars to help rece pollution and save enengy. It's not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency（耗油量）rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.

A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road."That was my favorite part,"says Anna Browne,15."We explained how the car runs."

Due in part to old, inefficient batteries（电池），Helios finished fourth—out of four—in its kind, the sun-powered class."We were there for the fun of it,"Anna says,"We're proud of Helios,"says Ariel Gleicher, 14."It's a car that's good for the environment."

1. What is special about the car Helios in the text?
A. It was built by middle school students
B. It has an attractive design
C. It was made in 1971
D. It won the fourth prize
2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?
A. 1 B. 4 C. 23 D. 44
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Making of Helios
B. 1999 American Tour de Sol
C. Sun-powered Gars on the Road
D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut
4. The students felt proud of Helios because .
A. it could run as far as 350 miles
B. it was favored by many children
C. it had high-quality batteries
D. it was driven by clean energy
解析：
1.A。从第一段"run on solar energy"和第二段"Joshua Bechtold,14, and the other students…worked many months to get Helois ready."可知本车利用太阳能，并且由学生制做。
2.B。从最后一段"Helois finished fourth-out of four-in its kind, the sun-powered class"可知，四辆同类车参赛，Helois得第四名。
3.C。全文讲述Helois这类太阳能车。本文不止讲Helois的制作，排除A。本文讲Helois参赛前后的事，不以赛事为主，排除B。环保汽车的使用不止在Connectinut, 排除D。
4.D。学生们对此车感到自豪是因为该车环保，而非车速或小孩子喜欢，且它的电池旧而效率低，排除其他各项。

例5：
The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.

By 9:45,everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.

Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:30—8:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, but 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.

But this is not always the case. If asked to a students' party at 6:30pm, it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrive—looking eager—is social death. When my mother asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties)falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think we're young. We're probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.

The accepted custom at present is confusing（混乱的），sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every part that precious element（成分）of surprise.
1. The underlined words"off their heads"probably mean .
A. tired B. crazy C. curious D. hopeless
2. Jane and David's story is used to show that .
A. party-goers usually get hungry at parties
B. party invitations can be confusing
C. people should ask for food at parties
D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are ll
3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students' party will probably be considered .
A. very difficult B. particularly thoughtful
C. friendly and polite D. socially unacceptable
4. According to the writer, people in their late thirties .
A. are likely to arrive late for a party
B. care little about the party time
C. haven't really grown up yet
D. like surprises at parties
5. What is the general idea of the text? .
A. It's safe to arrive late just when food is served
B. It's wise to eat something before going to a party
C. It's important to follow social rules of party-going
D. It's necessary to read invitations carefully
解析：
1.B。参加晚会的人没吃晚饭，到晚11点，人们饿疯了。
2.B。开头的故事做为例子，说明邀请信函令人迷茫，人们无法把握该如何去做。
3.D。第四段前几句说明，年轻的学生赴晚会迟到很正常。急切地第一个赶到的人太少见了。
4.A。第四段最后提及三十多岁的人参加晚会的时间接近学生的时间，故可能迟到。
5.C。全文可知，不同年龄段的人到达晚会的时间不同，对晚会时间理解不同，不遵从社会习惯，便会出现饿肚子等现象。所以，按社会习俗参加晚会极为重要。

例6：
Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhrmann opens the French film festival

(电影节)in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme d'Or, the festival's top prize. The festival runs to May 21.

The American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime girlfriend, Dawn Maria Laurel, 36, in a private wedding in San Antonio."It wasn't a big to-do,"said Fred Biery, a U.S. District Judge who performed the service. He refused to discuss things further."These are very private people,"he said.
Loretta Lynn is being treated for a very bad cold in Tennessee and will miss several appearances. The country singer, 65, was admitted to a hospital near her home in Hurricane Mills."She is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely,"a spokeswoman said.

The French-Algerian singer Enrico Macias was named a United Nations peace messenger. Enrico joins eight other people who act as goodwill envoys（使者）for the United Nations, among them are the writer Elie Wiesel and the basketball player Magie Johnson.
1. We can learn from the text that Henri de Toulouse-Lantree is .
A. a figure in a film B. a dancer in a show
C. a country singer D. a prize winner
2. We know from the text that .
A. Moulin Rouge won the top prize in a film festival
B. Loretta Lynn is under the doctor's care
C. eight people serve as the UN goodwill enjoys
D. Fred Biery was Tommy Lee Jones' assistant
3. This text most probably appears in .
A. a book on film stars B. a film review in a magazine
C. a newspaper D. a notice
解析：
1.A。第一段"…and John Leguizamo as the artist Hentti de You-louse－ Lautree."可知，as前省略了will act, as前的人是一个演员，其后的人是电影中的角色。
2.B。第四段"She (Loretta Lynn)is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely"可知答案。Moulin Rough（一部影片）即将参加电影节，尚未获奖，排除A。Enrico Macias同其他八人一道，共九人，排除C。Fred Biery是一个法官，故排除D。
3.C。全文四小段文章均是关于影视娱乐圈的事，应该是从报纸的休闲娱乐栏目中选取的文章。

来自www.jxue.com/mid

❺ 高考英语阅读理解怎么做

课堂要求：培养分析篇章结构的能力
信息的整体输入是让学生通过观看课文录像，整体感知阅读材料，领略文章大意当然也不能忽略句子水平上的教学。语篇与句子之间存在着有机的联系，语篇水平上的教学与句子水平的教学应该结合进行，这样才能有利于阅读能力的提高。
1.字面理解层(Literal comprehension Level)：这一层是指读者仅仅理解文章的字面意义，辨认和回想文章大意、细节、事件发生的顺序、人物特征和因果关系等。
2、推论理解层(inferential comprehension)：这是读者根据文章的结构，从字里行间推测词义、文章大意、事件发生顺序、细节和人物特征的过程。
3、评论理解层(evaluative comprehension level)：这是读者凭借自己的阅读经验和语言能力、分析、评价文章的优劣的过程。如评估信息的确切性，事件发生的可能性以及证明事实的可信性等。
上述阅读理解的三大层次有助于我们认识它们在阅读过程中相互间的关系和作用。字面理解层主要依靠语法能力或语言能力完成；推论理解层主要依靠阅读技巧和语言能力来完成；而评价理解层则是读者与作者的观点融合的过程。
掌握基本的英语词汇和语法结构的语言知识和一定的语言文化背景知识 ,是培养和提高阅读能力的前提.
解决途径：阅读各类英语读物可以帮助扩大词汇量加深对英语的认识、了解英语国家的文化
阅读要求：阅读不应以解题为目的，但读者应该带着问题去谈；阅读的过程中不要查阅词典，遇到生词时应该尽力推断其含义，如果推断不出，且词生词为不可不知的关键词，则读完文章后统一解决并背诵下来必要时还得复习同一词在其它句、文中的用法，通过接近联想，对比联想语言点，成为知识链，进而形成知识的网络。运用关键词对文学材料的主要内容和结构进行改写或复述。学生可以以阅读评价标准来衡量自己是否做到了这几点：
When and where does the story take place?
Who are the people in the story?
What are the problems?
What does the main character want to do?
What happens?
How does it end?
应拿出难度适中的一些文章“精读”，从词句到段到整个语篇进行仔细推敲，在阅读的基础上扩大词汇量。
利用课前5分钟，坚持每天一篇阅读训练
多读、多背、多用，注意分析积累，是提高英语阅读能力的惟一途径。
考试中的阅读技巧
掌握每种类型题目解题的方法，理顺思路，这样才能有利于他们在训练中及时反馈，提高解题的针对性，真正提高解题的能力。
学习和了解文章的结构
阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。下面我们结合2000年12月份的大学英语四级考试真题来具体说明如何利用文章的结构特点来达到阅读的目的。
文章的写作方式上来看，一般都以记叙文和说明文为主。记叙文可分为传记类和故事类。
初级记叙类：通过时间线索与文中提及的事件连接起来
通过上述活动，既能帮助学生迅速抓住文章的主要内容，又有帮助他们记忆文章中的一些细节，还可以减轻他们复述课文的难度，而且还能学到传纪类文章的写作方法。
1、叙述文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以四级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是：
1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)
2) 叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现
3) 叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现
4) 做出总结或结论
只要理解了这类文章的结构特点解答问题就相当简单，因为这类文章后的阅读理解试题大多是和文章的内容先后顺序一致的细节题。
说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- （专家）发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。
知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。
2.议论文
我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。
议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案， 基本上不存在任何困难。
通过研究以上的文章结构特点，我们不难发现，在四级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式：提出话题（观点或事例）---- 用事例分析原因(或批驳观点)------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾，分清观点和事例，从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位，快速答题。
3.细读题目
细读题目，审视它们针对什么提出问题。文章较短，可以先读文章，后看思考题。若文章较长，为了能迅速抓住要点，也可先浏览思考题，然后带着问题去读文章，这样，对文章的印象更深，能加深理解要点.
4.确定中心思想
在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句，但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章有个透彻的理解。
我们应当把标题默念一两遍，想象文章的内容和走向，这样有利于对文章的理解，提高做题的效率。
（1）找出主题句，了解英语段落的组成
说明文和议论文的段落一般都有主题句，而且大多位于每段的开头（少数情况位于段落末尾或中间）
一个完整的段落总是表达一个中心内容或主题，其通常可以用一句话来概括，即主题句。在说明文或议论文中，段落通常有四部分组成：主题句，整个段落的核心；发展句，对中心意思作进一步说明或描述，是整个段落的主体；过渡句，起承上启下的作用；结论句，对内容进行归纳，起强调主题作用。
抓住每句的关键词，特别是谓语动词，抓住了谓语动词（包括其宾语和附属成分），也就抓住了句子的脉络，也就能迅速地理解整个句子；另外，要注意识别代词，如it，this，they，those，one等，根据上下文判断其指代内容；注意识别省略成分，明确省略内容；注意识别逻辑用语（如：at first，for example， then等），从而准确理解全文的篇章结构；注意识别语法过渡词（如：already，ago，often等）、语气转折词（如：but，while，yet等）及时态等把握文脉
6.正确对待生词
阅读文章时，理解词义是基础。遇到忘记或根本不认识的单词或一时看不懂的语言点，不要马上停下来，应先做个记号放置一边，继续读下去，通过上下文或构词法大胆猜测生词的含义，通过分析语法结构推敲语句的语义，以加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解的能力。
1）.根据语境，猜词悟义
但如果课内课文同一个生词在阅读中多次出现，则可求助于字典。
猜词悟义不仅应用于课外阅读，而且可用于课文教学。让学生先读课文，再学生词，有利于阅读能力的培养。
2）.根据构词法
3）.运用归纳法（敏特）
利用语境，分析句子结构的关系，结合常识来推测词的意义，如同位语关系、反义关系、因果关系等，对文章句子理解的基础上猜测词义，加强阅读理解的能力巩固掌握所学语法知识。语法是语言的组织规律，是关于词形变化和组词成句的规则。熟练掌握和运用语法知识，如时态、语态、语气，从句等
4）.定义法
文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如to be，to be called, to call, that is，mean，in other words 等。有时也以同位语，定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。
5）.对比法。
在 but, however, yet, otherwise, though这些表示转折意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的次有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的意义了。
6）.生活常识法
7）.因果猜测法。
Because, since, as连接原因状语从句，so, so…that, such…that连接结果状语从句，通过前因后果的对比，依据已知部分，往往能猜出生词的意义。
8）.and, or等词连接的两个词、词组或短语在句中是属于同意范畴的，作用也相同，因此可以推出其中新单词的意义。
9）.例证法。
根据列举的事例可以新单词的意义。例如：I have a toothache. I need to go to the dentist.从toothache不难猜出dentist 为“牙科医生”。
10）.注意连词
连词是阅读中必须注意的一个重要方面。首先，它反映了句与句各层次意思之间的逻辑关系，如时间、因果、条件、让步等等。其次，它显示了文章思路的发展和段落组织的不同方法。
11）.标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）
12）.利用同义词、反义词进行猜测：
一些常见的标志词语有or, like , similarly等，例如：Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.史密斯先生很健谈，他的妻子也同样好说。
很显然，similarly是个语境线索，他暗示loquacious意为love to talk。而一些反义词是揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，以增强表达效果。常见的反义词语境线索有：yet, but, unlike, however, although, while, not…but…,instead of…,on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast, rather than等。
例如：a：Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.书面语言是稳定的，而口头语言则经常变化。
b：If you agree, write“yes”,if you dissent, write “no”，显然前者表示肯定，后者表示否定；由此推知dissent 是 agree的反义词，即“不赞成”。
13).联系上、下文，结合常识进行推断.
掌握具体事实和重要细节，变章确定了要表达的中心思想后，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题，体现中心思想，掌握这些细节是归纳概括文章中心思想的基础，对于理解全文的作用是不容忽视的，阅读文章时，要求学生养成辩动和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯，这些具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充说明或例证，是用来支持说明中心思想的重要观点.
14)逻辑推理
逻辑推理是深层理解的主要方法。根据文章提供的信息和自己已有的知识，理解并归纳出作者的立场、观点、感情和写作目的。通过提高逻辑分析能力以及培养语篇宏观语境的推断能力和想象力，从而提高阅读理解能力。逻辑推理，挖掘深层内涵利用平常积累的词语的辨析和感情色彩
7.按意群阅读
按意群阅读是提高阅读速度的关键。将文章划分为多个意群，从语篇的整体着眼，提高学生对整篇文章的概括力。如名词有复数形式，有所有格形式，动词有现在分词、过去时和过去分词。形容词有比较级和最高级形式。一些词有其固定的用法，如介词后面要跟名词或代词作宾语，冠词后面是名词，情态动词后面接动词原形，连词前后词性和句式要保持一致。掌握了这些特点，一方面巩固了基础知识，阅读时就可以以句子为单位，分清意群之间的关系，达到整体理解整体阅读，从而提高阅读速度和准确率。
8.阅读应避免的问题：a.慢读b.指读c.声读d心读
克服心读的有效方法就是有意识地控制阅读时间，让学生将阅读速度加快到超过最快的讲话速度，使学生没有时间去念每个单词的音。
f.回视
一要先做一些较为简单的阅读材料，使他们觉得难度适中，树立读懂的信心。二要使学生不断地自我提醒，克服这一坏习惯。
g.心译
认识到阅读英语时用英语思维模式（英语→英语）理解所阅读内容的重要性，并在平时阅读中自觉去克服方可奏效。
h.过多地依赖工具书
克服这一习惯的方法是让学生学会猜测，掌握猜词的技巧，利用上下文意思、构词法、同义、反义、定义、解释等技巧得到词的意思。
9.细读文章
细读文章，掌握具体事实和重要细节内容。特别注意文中的人名、年龄、时间、地点、日期、年代、数字等。出题人有时故意在不同人的不同事件上做文章，有时故意将时间地点颠倒，把数字搞混等。因此，要有意留心这些细节，可边读边用铅笔作些标记，要逐步养成辨认和记忆重要细节的阅读习惯。
10.热身活动
在考前的一周，对学生进行考前热身活动，帮助他们培养耐力，克服焦虑情绪。

❻ 高考英语的阅读题材一般倾向哪方面

多练习阅读理解和完形题，少做单选题;
高考非常强调语篇意识，即使是单项选择题，读不懂题干也不可能作对题目。“得阅读者得天下”一句话概括了高考英语取得高分的秘密。掌握英语高分的窍门在于阅读与语意的理解。英语的本质是客观、精确。英语和语文不同，非常讲究逻辑思维，可以说是一门纯“理科”式的语言学科。记住，学好并考好英语的前提是：客观和精确。
平时多累积，多应用，少钻研琢磨，避免钻牛角尖。
平时在各种阅读中，多多发掘好的句式、用法，摘抄下来。在写作时，若能用上一两个好的词语、好句子，无疑会增色不少。
总而言之，构建知识网络，夯实基础;熟悉各类题型，掌握技巧是高考必胜的法宝!