西方风俗与节日的英语阅读

1. 关于西方国家节日文化、习俗的英语文章。

每年的12月25日，所有基督教国家的人们都欢庆圣诞节。一般认为圣诞节是耶稣诞生的日子。但是现在许多风俗和习惯都已超出了宗教意义。圣诞节季节在12月25日之前的5、6个星期就已经开始了。在这一时期总会出现一个购物潮，它是店主的快乐节日。
Christmas is the biggest festival in the western world, which people all over the Christian countries celebrate. It is on the 25th day of each December. Christians consider it as the birthday of Jesus Christ. But now many customs and habits are beyond religious meaning, The Christmas season begins five or six weeks before the exact holiday. There is always a shopping boom ring this period.， it’s really a happy season for shop owners.

2. 关于西方的节日(中英文都要)

香水节
1月12日

父亲节
六月第三个星期日

情人节
2月14日
友谊节
8月2日

宠物节
2月1日
教师节
9月10日

国际妇女节
3月8日
花周
9月19日

愚人节
4月1日
老板节
10月16日

读者节
4月25日
心肝宝贝节
10月16日

秘书节
4月26日
万圣节
10月31日

国际劳动节
5月1日
世界足球日
10月26日

护士节
5月12日
感恩节
11月最后一个星期四

母亲节
五月第二个星期日
美国选举日
11月2日

健身节
5月25日
光明节
12月22日

国际儿童节
6月1日
圣诞节
12月25日

一、元旦( New Year's Day, 1月1日)
我们通常说得"阳历年"就是元旦，它源于西方国家，现在已成为全世界的公共假日。
二、 情人节( Valentine's Day, 2月14日)
西方国家民间的传统节日。
三、 愚人节( April Fool's Day, 4月1日)
在这天我们可以与亲朋好友开个玩笑或瞎编话，欺骗、捉弄他们而不会受人指责。
四、 五朔节( May Day, 5月1日)
这天是以英语为母语的人举行庆祝活动的日子。
五、 母亲节( Mother's Day, 5月的第2个星期日)
英美人为了感谢母亲一年所付出的辛劳而规定的节日，现在以被大多数国家接受。
六、 父亲节( Father's Day, 6月的第3个星期日)
英美人为表达对父亲的爱而设立了"父亲节"，子女们将在那天为父亲买他最喜爱的礼品，并举行宴会。
七、 独立纪念日( Independence Day, 7月4日)
这个节日是美国独有的。
八、 万圣节(Ha11owmas, 11月1日)
这是西方国家古老的传统节日。
九、 感恩节( Thanksgiving Day, 11月第4个星期四)
为了感谢上帝的恩赐，美国人自发形成了这个传统节日。
十、 复活节(Easter, 春分月圆后的第1个星期日)
这是西方基督教古老的传统节日。

1月1日
新年（new year's day )

2月14日
情人节(valentine's day)

复活节前的星期五
耶稣受难日(good friday)

3月12日
复活节(easter)

复活节的下一个星期一
复活节星期一(easter monday)

4月1日。
愚人节(all fool's day)

5月的第二个星期日
母亲节(mother's day)

6月的第三个星期日
父亲节(father's day)

9月的第一个星期一
劳动节(labor day)

10月31日
万圣节前夕(halloween)

11月的第四个星期四
感恩节(tanksgiviing day)

12月25日
圣诞节(chistmas day)

3. 关于东西方节日文化、礼仪文化的英文短文

在英语教来学实践中，自文化差异及其对学生带来的干扰主要表现在以下八个方面：

1．称呼语

人教社JEFC教材Book 3 Lesson 14 The man upstairs中，出现过“I’m sorry to trouble you， comrade．”的道歉语。“comrade”是社会主义国家所特有的称呼，在英语国家称呼不知其名的陌生人常用Sir和Madam。如果我们和英语国家的人以comrade相称，他们将会感到莫明其妙。

4. 中国传统节日和西方节日的英语有关文章

情人节 Valentine's Day

The affectionate message might be carried by a heart - shaped box of chocolate candies, or by a bouquet of flowers tied with red ribbon. But in whatever form, the message is the same - "Will you be my valentine?"

二月十四日是一个复杂而又有趣的节日。你可以用一个心状的盒子，里面放上巧克力糖，来传递爱的信息，也可用彩带扎上一束鲜花来传递--"你愿做我的情人吗？"

April Fool′s Day 愚人节

April Fool's Day is traditionally a day to play practical jokes on others, send people on fool's errands, and fool the unsuspecting. No one knows how this holiday began but it was thought to have originated in France.

愚人节是西方传统节日，这一天人们可以相互开玩笑，愚弄别人。没有人知道这个节日是怎么起源的，但一般认为是首先从法国开始的。

复活节 Easter Day

Most English holidays have a religious origin. Easter Day occurs on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox．It is originally the day to commemorate the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.But now for most people, Easter is a secular spring holiday,

英国大部分节日都起源于宗教。复活节发生在过了春分月圆后的第一个星期日，原是纪念耶稣复活的日子。而现在对大多数人来说，复活节只是一个人们享受美好春光的普通节日。

万圣节 Halloween Day

One story about Jack,who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money. But down to the hell he played tricks on the Devil (Satan), so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern.

关于万圣节有这样一个故事。是说有一个叫杰克的爱尔兰人，因为他对钱特别吝啬，就不允许他进入天堂，而被打入地狱。但是在那里他老是捉弄魔鬼撒旦，所以被踢出地狱，罚他提着灯笼永远在人世里行走。

感恩节 Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued blessings.

今天的感恩节是一个不折不扣的国定假日。在这一天，具有各种信仰和各种背景的美国人，共同为他们一年来所受到的上苍的恩典表示感谢，虔诚地祈求上帝继续赐福。

圣诞节 Christmas Day

“圣诞节”这个名称是“基督恺撒”的缩写。恺撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教并无半点关联。交换礼物，寄圣诞卡，这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。

The name Christmas is short for "Christ's Mass". A Mass is a kind of Church service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus.

5. 西方的节日 英文

1、愚人节（April Fool's Day / All Fool's Day）

愚人节是一个比较特殊的节日。时间是每年的4月1日（April 1st）。按照西方国家的习俗，在愚人节这一天，人们可以任意说谎骗人，愚弄他人。骗人越多，越能得到推崇。在愚人节受到愚弄的人被称为 April Fool ( 4月愚人）。

2、圣诞节（Christmas）

圣诞节是基督教徒纪念耶稣基督（Jesus Christ）诞生 的日子,公认的日期是12月25日。圣诞节本是一个宗教性的节日，后来逐渐演变成一个具有民族风格的全民性的节日，在美国、英国、加拿大、德国、意大利、澳大利亚等西方国家，甚至非洲，东南亚一些国家都很盛行。

3、万圣节（Halloween）

万圣节的许多活动都与迷信有关。万圣除夕的前一星期，孩子们在家长的帮助下开始准备鬼怪面具和望而生畏的服饰。入夜（万圣除夕），当打扮得狰狞可怕的孩子们出现在家长面前时，家长要表示害怕，这样孩子们会感到很快活。

4、复活节（Easter）

复活节是西方国家隆重而又盛大的宗教节日。复活节的清晨，当天边刚抹上一缕晨略，婉转而深沉的乐曲开始响彻晨空。在乐曲的感召下，基督教徒从四面八方涌向教堂、公园或公共广场去迎接复活节的黎明，纪念基督耶稣的复活。

5、感恩节（Thanksgiving）

感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日。 初时感恩节没有固定日期，由美国各州临时决定。直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。

6. 求几篇高中英语阅读理解原文，内容要是介绍西方某个节日，文化，习俗方面的。

网络有相关文章加以修饰就OK啦

7. 英文 西方传统节日

西方传统节日简介

Easter（复活节）

Easter is a time of springtime festivals. In Christian countries Easter is celebrated as the religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the son of God. But the celebrations of Easter have many customs and legends that are pagan in origin and have nothing to do with Christianity.

Traditions associated with the festival survive in the Easter rabbit, a symbol of fertility, and in colored Easter eggs, originally painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring, and used in Easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts.
复活节是春季的节日。在信基督教的国家里，复活节是为纪念基督耶稣的复活而举行的宗教节日。但是复活节有许多习俗和传说的由来都是非宗教的，它们与基督教没有任何关系。与节日密切联系的一些传统有象复活节的野兔，它是作为繁殖生长的象征；还有复活节的彩蛋。最先是被绘以鲜亮的颜色来代表春天的阳光。这些彩蛋还可以用来玩滚彩蛋游戏比赛，或作为小礼物送人。

Thanksgiving（感恩节）

The first American Thanksgiving was celebrated in 1621, to commemorate the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony after a harsh winter. In that year Governor William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving. The colonists celebrated it as a traditional English harvest feast, to which they invited the local Wampanoag Indians.
Days of thanksgiving were celebrated throughout the colonies after fall harvests. All thirteen colonies did not, however, celebrate Thanksgiving at the same time until October 1777. George Washington was the first president to declare the holiday, in 1789.

第一个美国人庆贺的感恩节在1621年，为了纪念普利茅斯殖民地的人民在经过一个歉收荒芜的冬季后迎来丰收。在那一年，州长William Bradford宣布那天作为感恩节。殖民者把它当成传统的英国丰收节日来庆贺，在当天，他们还邀请当地的印地安的万泊诺亚格人。感恩的节日延续了整个秋季的收获季节，但其他的十三个殖民地没有庆贺这个节日，直到1777年10月。乔治-华盛顿在1789年宣布把它定为节日，他也是第一位宣布感恩节的总统。

Valentine's Day（情 人 节）

The history of Valentine's Day -- and its patron saint -- is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition.

So, who was Saint Valentine and how did he become associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served ring the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured.
According to one legend, Valentine actually sent the first 'valentine' greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -- who may have been his jailor's daughter -- who visited him ring his confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed 'From your Valentine,' an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France.

情人节的历史充满了神秘，但是我们知道，很久以来，2月就是一个浪漫的月份了。情人节既留有基督教的痕迹，又有古罗马的传统。情人节又称圣瓦伦丁节。关于情人节有好多传说。其中之一是，3世纪的时候，古罗马的皇帝Claudius二世认为独身的男子比有妻子、家庭的男子更善于打仗，于是他宣布婚姻是非法的，这也断绝了士兵的来源。牧师Valentine意识到这条法令的谬误，就公开反对，并且秘密为青年人主持婚礼。Claudius二世知道后就把Valentine处死了。

Fathers' Day（父 亲 节）

In the 1900s, Fathers’ Day was created when Sonora Louise Smart Dodd wanted to express her deep appreciation to her own father, William Smart, who was widowed when his wife died at giving birth. Mr. Smart raised his six children on a rural farm in eastern Washington State. When Ms. Dodd was grown she wanted to show her appreciation to her father. So, in 1909, she proposed a day to honor her father in June (the month of her father's birth).
The very first Fathers' Day followed on June 19, 1910 in Spokane, Washington. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge showed support of this becoming a national holiday. However, it wasn't until 1966 when President Lyndon Johnson officially proclaimed Fathers' Day a national holiday to be celebrated on the 3rd Sunday of June.

二十世纪初，苏娜·路易丝·史墨·多德想要向他的父亲威廉·史墨表达敬意，于是产生了父亲节。她父亲在他妻子难产而死以后，就一直鳏居。史墨先生在东华盛顿州的农庄中独力抚养大六个孩子。当多德女士长大成人后，她觉得要向父亲致敬。于是，在1909年她提议在六月里一天向父亲表达敬意。（她父亲在六月生日）。第一个父亲节在1910年6月19日在华盛顿，史布肯庆祝了。1924年，卡文·柯立芝总统表示支持，并将此确立为国家的节日。然而，直到1966年，林顿·约翰逊总统才正式宣布六月的第三个星期天为父亲节，在全国正式地庆祝。

Mothers’ Day（母亲节）

The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. During the 1600's, England celebrated a day called "Mothering Sunday". Celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent. In the United States Mother’s Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe as a day dedicated to peace. By 1911 Mother's Day was celebrated in almost every state.

While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother’s Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May.

最早的母亲节庆祝可以追溯到古希腊的春天庆典，纪念众神之母尤希。在17世纪，英国在四旬斋的第四个星期天庆祝一个称为“母亲周日”的节日。在美国，母亲节最早在1872年，由朱丽娅·沃得·郝提出，作为一个关注和平的节日。到1911年，几乎所有的州都庆祝母亲节。

虽然世界各国的母亲节在不同的时间，很多国家，如丹麦，芬兰，意大利，土耳其，澳大利亚和比利时都在五月的第二个星期天庆祝母亲节。

（注：《圣经·新约》中一个魔鬼试探耶稣的故事。说的是魔鬼把耶稣困在旷野里，40天没有给耶稣吃东西，耶稣虽然饥饿，却没有接受魔鬼的诱惑。后来，为了纪念耶稣在这40天中的荒野禁食，信徒们就把每年复活节前的40天时间作为自己斋戒及忏悔的日子，叫做大斋节或者四旬斋（Lent）。据说，古希腊和古罗马的木神节、酒神节都是它的前身。这40天中，人们不能食肉，娱乐，生活肃穆沉闷，所以在斋期开始前的一周或半周内，人们会专门举行宴会、舞会、纵情欢乐。后来，这样的一个日子逐渐演变成为一个宗教习俗节日，拉丁语中叫做“Carnevale”，意思就是：“告别肉食”。Carnevale在英文中被译作Carnival（嘉年华或狂欢节）。如今已没有多少人坚守大斋期之类的清规戒律，但传统的狂欢活动却保留了下来，成为人们一个重要节日。）

Boxing Day（礼盒节）

In England a long time ago…

Servants were required to work on Christmas. They were responsible for making the holiday run smoothly for wealthy landowners. They were allowed to take leave on December 26th and visit their families. The employers gave each servant a box containing gifts and bonuses. In addition, around the 800s' churches opened their alms boxes (boxes where people place monetary donations) and distributed the contents to poor.
In England today…
Few people have servants but the custom of giving gifts or money to those who provide service continues. It is also popular to visit grandparents and shop (the after Christmas discounts begin). Many people get the day off from work. Boxing Day is also celebrated in places where the English have settled like Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Our friends in Scotland tell us it is also celebrate there! Some places observe Boxing Day on December 26th and some celebrate it on the first weekday following Christmas, so, if Christmas falls on Friday or Saturday Boxing Day would be on the following Monday.
Now, the actual origin of this holiday is debatable and has been debated, one idea being more popular than the other at a given time.

以前，由于佣人们必须在圣诞节工作，所以他们被允许在节后的第一天休假。雇主们日久成习，往往准备一些礼盒，在佣人们回家之前送给他们。到了今天，拥有仆人的家庭已经稀罕得很。不过给服务行业的人赠送礼物的习惯还在继续。

Halloween（万圣节前夜）

Halloween is an annual celebration. The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. November 1, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended ring this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.

Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable. They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.

So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids.

Halloween这个词本身来源于天主教. 11月1日, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"),称为万圣节, 是用于举行仪式尊敬圣人的天主教日.其中有一种说法是, 在那一天, 那些先前死去的还在飘浮的灵魂会回来为来年的复生找一些活人来附体. 他们认为这是转世的唯一希望. 教徒们深信这段时间内所有的时间及空间都是被悬浮的, 以便于让灵魂世界与我们的生活空间相混合. 活着的人自然不想被附身，所以10月30日的晚上, 村民会熄灭家中的火焰, 把家里弄得很冷,没人想来. 他们还会穿上各类象鬼一样的服装上街大声的**, 尽可能的搞些破坏来吓走那些想找人附体的鬼魂。因此, 尽管部分信徒可能已接受万圣节前夕为他们最喜爱的节日, 但这一天本身并不是来源于邪恶的惯例,而是由于凯尔特人庆祝新年和中世纪欧洲人的祈祷仪式. 今天, 甚至在很多教堂都会举行万圣节前夕晚会或让孩子们雕刻南瓜灯笼，到各家敲门玩TRICK OR TREAT的游戏。

April Fool's Day（愚人节）

Unlike most of the other nonfoolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn't a "first April Fool's Day" that can be pinpointed on the calendar. Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.
The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. Prior to that year, the New Year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian Calendar was introced, and New Year's Day was moved to January 1.
However, in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the New Year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as "fools" by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on "fools errands" or were made the butt of other practical jokes.
1582年之前的法国，人们从3月25日开始庆祝新年，4月1日达到高潮。后来历法改革，新年移到1月1日。然而在那个资讯很落后的年代，消息传播是蜗牛速度。而且有些顽固人拒绝新的历法，仍然在4月1日庆贺新年。其他的老百姓就把那些顽固的人称为“傻瓜”，并且让他们做些愚蠢的事情来取笑他们。

（以下补充的是美国的节日）

HOLIDAYS IN THE UNITED STATES

There are three types of holidays in the United States: political holidays, traditional holidays, and religious holidays. There are more political holidays than any other type. The most important political holiday is Independence Day, the fourth of July. On this day we celebrate our independence from Great Britain. Most people spend the day with their family and friends. Picnics and barbecues are very popular. In addition, almost every city and town has a fireworks display at night. Another very important political holiday is Memorial Day, which falls on the last weekend in May. On this holiday we commemorate all the soldiers who died for our country. Many towns and cities have parades, and some people go to cemeteries and put flowers or flags on the soldiers’ graves. A third important political holiday is Labor Day, which we celebrate on the first Monday in September. This is the day when we honor the workers of the United States. People watch parades, go on picnics, or go to the beach. For students, Labor Day is a bittersweet holiday, because when it is over they must begin school again. Besides these three political holidays, we also must begin school again. Besides these three political holidays, we also celebrate Presidents’ Day on the third Monday in February. On this day we commemorate the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.

8. 求一篇西方节日文化习俗的英语文章

1月1日 元旦
1月第一个星期日 黑人日
1月最后一个星期日 国际麻风节(世界防治麻风病日) 1954

2月2日 世界湿地日
2月7日 国际声援南非日 1964
2月10日 国际气象节
2月14日 情人节
2月15日 中国12亿人口日 1995
2月21日 反对殖民制度斗争日 1949
2月24日 第三世界青年日
2月28日 世界居住条件调查日

3月1日 国际海豹日 1983
3月3日 全国爱耳日 2000
3月5日 中国青年志愿者服务日
3月8日 国际劳动妇女节 1910 饶有情趣的世界妇女节
3月12日 中国植树节 1979
3月14日 国际警察日(节)
3月15日 国际消费者权益日 1983
3月16日 手拉手情系贫困小伙伴全国统一行动日
3月17日 国际航海日
中国国医节 1929
3月18日 全国科技人才活动日
3月21日 世界林业节(世界森林日) 1972
消除种族歧视国际日 1976
世界儿歌日
世界睡眠日
3月22日 世界水日 1993
3月23日 世界气象日 1950
3月24日 世界防治结核病日 1996
3月最后一个星期一 全国中小学生安全教育日 1996

4月1日 国际愚人节
4月2日 国际儿童图书日
4月7日 世界卫生日 1950
4月21日 全国企业家活动日 1994
4月22日 世界地球日 1970
世界法律日
4月23日 世界图书和版权日
4月24日 世界青年反对殖民主义日 1957
亚非新闻工作者日
4月25日 全国预防接种宣传日 1986
4月26日 世界知识产权日 2001
4月27日 联谊城日
4月30日 全国交通安全反思日
4月第三个星期日 世界儿童日 1986
4月最后一个星期三 秘书节

5月1日 国际劳动节 1889
国际示威游行日
5月3日 世界哮喘日
5月4日 中国青年节 1939
五四运动纪念日 1919
科技传播日
5月5日 全国碘缺乏病防治日 1994
5月8日 世界红十字日 1948
世界微笑日
5月12日 国际护士节 1912
5月15日 国际家庭(咨询)日 1994
5月17日 世界电信日 1969
5月18日 国际博物馆日
5月20日 全国母乳喂养宣传日 1990
中国学生营养日 1990
5月26日 世界向人体条件挑战日 1993
5月30日 "五卅"反对帝国主义运动纪念日 1925
5月31日 世界无烟日 1988
5月第二个星期日 母亲节 1914
救助贫困母亲日 1997
5月第三个星期二 国际牛奶日 1961
5月第三个星期日 全国助残日 1990

6月1日 国际儿童节 1949
6月5日 世界环境日 1974
6月6日 全国爱眼日 1996
6月11日 中国人口日
6月17日 世界防止荒漠化和干旱日
6月20日 世界难民日 2001
6月22日 中国儿童慈善活动日
6月23日 国际奥林匹克日 1894
世界手球日
6月25日 全国土地日 1991
6月26日 国际禁毒日(国际反毒品日) 1987
国际宪章日(联合国宪章日)
6月30日 世界青年联欢节
6月第三个星期日 父亲节

7月1日 中国共产党诞生日 1921
香港回归纪念日 1997
国际建筑日 1985
亚洲“三十亿人口日” 1988
7月2日 国际体育记者日
7月7日 中国人民抗日战争纪念日 1937
7月11日 世界(50亿)人口日 1987
7月26日 世界语(言)创立日
7月28日 第一次世界大战爆发 1914
7月30日 非洲妇女日
7月第一个星期六 国际合作节

8月1日 中国人民解放军建军节 1927
8月6日 国际电影节 1932
8月8日 中国男子节(爸爸节) 1988
8月15日 日本正式宣布无条件投降日 1945
8月26日 全国律师咨询日 1993

9月3日 中国抗日战争胜利纪念日 1945
9月8日 国际新闻工作者(团结)日 1958
世界扫盲日 1966
9月10日 中国教师节 1985
9月14日 世界清洁地球日
9月16日 国际臭氧层保护日 1987
9月18日 "九·一八"事变纪念日(中国国耻日) 1931
9月20日 全国爱牙日 1989
9月21日 国际和平日 2002 2002年以后
9月26日 快乐节日网建站日 2001
9月27日 世界旅游日 1980？
9月第三个星期二 国际和平日 1981 1981至2001年
9月第三个星期六 全民国防教育日 2001
9月第四个星期日 国际聋人节 1958？
9月最后一个星期日 世界心脏日 2000？
世界海事日

10月1日 国庆节 1949
国际音乐日 1980
国际老人节 1990
10月2日 国际和平(与民主自由)斗争日 1949
10月4日 世界动物日 1949
10月8日 全国高血压日 1998
世界视觉日
国际左撇子日
10月9日 世界邮政日(万国邮联日) 1969
10月10日 辛亥革命纪念日 1911
世界居室卫生日
世界精神卫生日 1992
10月11日 声援南非政治犯日
10月13日 中国少年先锋队诞辰日 1949
世界保健日
国际教师节
采用格林威治时间为国际标准时间日 1884
10月14日 世界标准日 1969
10月15日 国际盲人节(白手杖节) 1984
10月16日 世界粮食日 1979
10月17日 世界消除贫困日
10月22日 世界传统医药日 1992
10月24日 联合国日 1945
世界发展信息日
10月28日 世界"男性健康日" 2000
10月31日 世界勤俭日
10月第一个星期一 国际住房日 1982
10月第二个星期三 国际减轻自然灾害日 1990
每年重阳节 中国老年节(义务助老活动日) 1989

11月8日 中国记者节 2000
11月9日 中国消防宣传日(消防节) 1992
11月10日 世界青年节(日) 1946
11月14日 世界糖尿病日
11月17日 国际大学生节(国际学生日) 1946
11月21日 世界电视日 1996
世界问候日 1973
11月第四个星期四 感恩节

12月1日 世界艾滋病日 1988
12月2日 废除一切形式奴役世界日 1986
12月3日 世界残疾人日 1992
12月4日 中国法制宣传日
12月5日 (经济和社会发展)国际志愿人员日 1985
世界弱能人士日
12月7日 国际民航日
12月9日 "一二·九"运动纪念日 1935
世界足球日 1995
12月10日 世界人权日 1950
12月11日 世界防治哮喘日 1998
12月12日 西安事变纪念日 1936
12月13日 南京大屠杀纪念日 1937
12月15日 世界强化免疫日
12月20日 澳门回归纪念日 1999
12月21日 国际篮球日
12月24日 平安夜
12月25日 圣诞节
12月29日 国际生物多样性日 1994
12月第二个星期日 国际儿童电视广播日
◆◆◆ 阴 历 节 日 ◆◆◆
正月初一 春节
正月十五 元宵节
二月初二 龙抬头节
五月初五 端午节
七月初七 七夕情人节
八月十五 中秋节
九月初九 重阳节
中国老年节(义务助老活动日)
腊月初八 腊八节
腊月二十四 小年

9. 世界各国的节日风俗（英文）

美重要节日风俗

英美重要节日风俗
英美重要节日

January

1 New Year's Day (新年）
15 Martin Luther King Jr.'s Birthday
19 Martin Luther King Jr.'s Birthday Observed

February

12 Lincoln's Birthday
14 Valentine's Day （情人节）
16 President's Day
22 Washington's Birthday
25 Ash Wednesday

March

8 International Women's Day（国际妇女节）
17 St. Patrick's Day

April
1 April Fools Day （愚人节）
5 Palm Sunday
10 Good Friday
Arbor Day （植树节）
11 Passover
12 Easter （复活节）
17 Orthodox Holy Friday
19 Orthodox Easter
22 Secretaries Day
22 Earth Day

May

6 Nurses'Day
7 National Day of Prayer
10 Mother's Day （母亲节）
16 Armed Forces Day
25 Memorial Day Observed
30 Memorial Day

June

14 Flag Day （美国国旗纪念日）
21 Father's Day

July

4 Independence Day （美国独立日）

August

2 Friendship Day

September

7 Labor Day
Grandparents Day
17 Citizenship Day
21 Rosh Hashanah
30 Yom Kippur

October

11 National Children's Day
12 Columbus Day
16 National Boss Day
17 Sweetest Day
24 United Nations Day
31 Halloween （万圣节前夜）

November

3 Election Day
11 Veterans Day （退伍军人节）
26 Thanksgiving

December

14 First Day of Hanukkah
25 Christmas （圣诞节）
26 First Day of Kwanzaa

生活在美国(二) 美国人的用餐习惯

美国人吃饭用刀叉，而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此，在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时，应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下，餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉，外边的餐叉供你吃色拉，里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品，餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用，应左手握叉，右手握刀，而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有：炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。

Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯

American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in one's right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.

The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.

There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans don't use one, because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes, fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to bo chased around the plate with the fork — and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.

Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remerber to save it for the meat course. Even desserts(甜食) (except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).

Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱

Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience. If you order eggs in a restaurant, the waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them . You can reply that you want them "scrambled(炒)" or "boiled". It is not sufficient, however, to ask for them "fried"; you will have to specify whether you would prefer them "sunny-side-up" (煎一面), "over"(两面煎), "over-easy/easy-over"(两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状).

American sausage(香肠) comes in slices and is quite spicy. But you can also have link sausage.

American bacon comes in small strips, can be rather fat, and is served crispy. It is usually very tasty, and you can eat it with your fingers.

"Hash brows"(油炸土豆片) are shredded(切成碎片的) and fried potatoes. They are wonderful, especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄酱).

"Pancakes", sometimes called "hot cakes", are made with baking power. They are normally served in a pile, and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果浆) on them.

"Jelly"(果子冻) is jam and includes grape jelly, which is very tasty.

Toast is often served already buttered.

"English muffins(松饼)" are like small crumpets(烤饼) without the holes and are served toasted. You put jam on them.

A "biscuit"(软饼) is a snall, scone-like bread roll, often served hot.Orange juice and coffee are often serced with breakfast.

生活在美国(三) 美国人的主食

美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒，但在加利福尼亚州，人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前，一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品，牛排、猪排和鸡（腿）为主食，龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点，如有吃剩的食物，一定要打包带回家，以免浪费。

Cocktail鸡尾酒

It is quite usual to drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual, except in California, to drink wine with a meal. You can either have a cocktail in the bar, if there is one, while you wait for a table or for friends, or you can have one served before your dinner comes. At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail, and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat. At others, there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress. In this case, you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter- or the wine waiter is there is one.

Do not hesitate to order Californian wines. They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap.

Salad 色拉

It is usual to have a salad with your meal, and a separate plate is provided for this purpose. The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course. A wonderful American invention is the salad bar. In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad. You go to the salad bar and help yourself, usually to as much as you want. This is normally done after you have ordered your meal; you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.

Choosing from the Menu 选菜

American menus can look rather confusing at first sight, for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most vistors. Here are some points which may be useful.

Fried mushrooms, fried onion rings (洋葱圈) and fried zucchini (小胡瓜) are sometimes served as starters (第一道菜).

Potatoes most often come "French-fried" or baked. If you order a baked potato, the waiter will ask you what you want on it. The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives (细香葱).

Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal, and you have to pay extra for them.

"Scrod" (小鳕鱼), "red snapper" (啮龟) and "mahi hahi" are all name of fish. "Seafood"means lobster (龙虾), shellfish and fish, including,funnily enough, freshwater fish! Prawns (对虾) are known as "shrimp".

American beef is usually good and often wonderful.

American salt and pepper (糊椒粉) pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pot's holes are bigger. Pepper is normally black rather than white. American mustard (芥末) is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.

And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped (搅拌过的) butter.

Leftovers 吃剩的食物

You have probably heard that in American restaurants, if you can't finish your meal, you can put the remains in a "doggy bag" and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if you'd like him to put it into "a little bag", or you can ask him to do this.
生活在美国(四) 美国用餐常识

中国菜着重色、香、味， 西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下事项：

1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；

2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：30开门营业，直到夜晚）；

3）一般都应事先预订餐位：

4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；

5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的10%～15%）。

Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service is mostly fine.

Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆

Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves "family restaurants". Many of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, omelettes(炒蛋) and sandwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper children's portios(份餐). Note that many American restaurants are "speciatly" restaurants . They may serve only, or mainly , steaks , seafood, etc.

When to Eat 供餐时间

Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11：30 a.m.(midday, rather than 1 p.m. , is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.

In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. , than waiting until later.

Reserving a Table 预订餐位

Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar , of course, if there is one-but there queues more quickly.

Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆

When you arrive at most restaurant, you should not just go in and sit down-unless you see a sign saying "Please seat yourself" . Usually you will have to wait for a "hostess" or "captain"(领班) to escort(陪同) you to a table . Often there will be a sign that reads "Please wait to be seated".

Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowed . It just isn't done.

Many restaurant have a no-smoking section, in some place by lows.

One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal. (Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.)

When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately , except in the most expensive restaurants.

Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者

You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (You're supposed just to say "Fine"), inquire whether you have a good day and , later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.

To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call "Bill", or "Mary", or "Claude", or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags, you are permitted to use their first names.

Paying the Bill 付款

The bill (often called the "check") comes usually with tax added but no service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge. The etiquette(规矩) books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费) for lunch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax.

At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out.

美国人种种

语言是文化的载体。美国不同阶段的经济文化变化都反映在语言中。随着时代变化，新的词语不断应运而生。继一次大战后的“迷惘的一代”（Lost Generation）和二次大战后的“垮掉的一代”（Beat Generation），又出现了“Baby Boomers”、“Yuppies”、“Dinks”、“Sandwich Generation”、“Couch Potato”、“Mall Rats”等等。

在第二次世界大战期间，美国大约有一千三百万人参加服役，其中许多人都没有结婚。在战后，他们纷纷组建家庭，生儿育女，因此在1946年至1964年这18年间，美国人口急剧增长，新生儿的人数共有七千八百万。不久美国人就称这一代为“Baby Boomers”。

这些“Baby Boomers”一改其父母对战争的“狂热”，对生活采取务实的态度。他们要弥补战争给父母所造成的损失，他们勤奋工作，少生孩子。他们其中的许多人都获得了成功，他们有抱负，受过高等教育，生活在城市，有专业性的工作，收入颇丰，生活很富裕。美国又为这些成功者命名为“Yuppies”，前三个字母是“young urban professionals”缩略。对“Yuppies”中那些不要孩子的人，美国人又将他们称为“Dinks”，它是“Duble Income， No kids”的缩写。

其实，“Baby Boomers”并不都是富有的“Yuppies”，有的夫妇不仅有孩子而且有老人要抚养，这样另一个名字又产生了，那便是“Sandwich Generation”，意味着这些人象三明治中的肉一样夹在老人和孩子之间，负担很重。

美国的电视业发展迅速，几乎所有人都能看到有线电视节目，家庭影剧院的出现更是许多人沉迷于电视，这种一有时间就坐在沙发上看电视的人被称为“Couch Potato”。它不禁使人们想到悠然坐在沙发里一声不吭，一动不动，象土豆似的人。

随着商业的发展繁荣，大的购物中心（shopping mall）不断涌现。逛购物中心成了一种乐趣，尤其是年轻人，他们即使不购物也在中心钻来钻去，象老鼠一样，美国人将他们戏称为“Mall Rats”。

10. 急求几篇介绍西方节日的英语短文

Christmas

Although, for Christians, Christmas is not the most important of festivals, it is probably the most widely celebrated religious occasion in the West. This festival celebrates the birth of the messiah in Bethlehem Palestine about two thousand years ago. This messiah was Jesus Christ who, Christians believe, was sent to save mankind and absolve them from their sins. Nowadays, you might be forgiven for missing the religious element to this festival as it has descended somewhat into an orgy of consumerism and inlgence. Gifts are given amongst family and friends and cards wishing “Seasonal Greetings” sent between just about everyone. Father Christmas, otherwise known as Santa Claus, is said to squeeze his way down chimneys across the world on Christmas Eve and deliver presents to any children that have behaved well over the last year. Another important motif of the festival is the Christmas tree, around which traditionally people would dance around hinting at the pagan origins of this mid-winter celebration.
圣诞节

虽然对基督教徒来说，圣诞节并不是其最重要的节日，但是在西方，它却是一个最受广泛庆祝的节日。圣诞节庆祝的是两千多年前弥赛亚(犹太人盼望的复国救主)在巴勒斯坦伯利恒的诞生。这个弥赛亚就是耶稣(基督教信奉的救世主)。基督教徒相信，耶稣是被派来拯救人类并协助人们摆脱罪恶的救世主。如今，就算你已经忘记了这个节日的本来意义也不会有人怪罪你，因为，现在的圣诞节已经演变成为大肆消费、狂欢与纵情享受的节日。在这个节日里，亲人们、朋友间都会互送礼物，满载着“节日祝福”的贺卡也会送到每一个人的手中。“圣诞之父”（Father Christmas），也就是我们所熟知的“圣诞老人”（Santa Claus），据说会在圣诞节前夕顺着烟囱下来，给世界各地的孩子们送去礼物，这些收到礼物的孩子必定是那些在过去的一年中各方面表现都很优秀的孩子。圣诞节的另一个重点是圣诞树，在这一天，人们会围着圣诞树跳舞，这也表明圣诞树是圣诞节形成之前的隆冬节日的重要组成部分。