⑴ 做初二英语阅读的技巧
1.外籍教师说：每天听半小时英语，培养语感（注意，是无意识地听），我回们小时候也是这样才学答会说话的。你可以在休闲中播，但只可以是半小时！ 2.抄得多自然熟，知识点抄抄抄。 3.设立错题本（非常有效），把错的答案，为什么错，列出来 .4.要对英语充满兴趣，细细体味英语中的词语表达精妙之处。5.我跟你说！你每天要看以两段文字，如果没有时间，那就考试前一个星期每天看两篇！这样可以保持考试的阅读速度！ 6.抄的单词本你们要复习啊！ 7.找一个外国歌手做你的偶像，把他（她）的歌听完全 .8.多看中英对照文章，这样对你的翻译语感非常有帮助
⑵ 初中英语阅读理解答题的技巧和方法
我任教英语多年了，关于英语阅读理解的解题技巧，要抓住两个个重点。
1、词汇方面：词汇是英语学习的基础。
很多学生反映，在阅读过程中觉得有些单词非常面熟，可却不知道是什么意思，所以整篇文章理解起来记忆不知所云，造成阅读障碍。如果考试大纲要求记忆的词汇没有掌握的话，在通篇理解文章时就会困难重重。高效阅读的方法需要训练，是一种眼脑相互协调的高效率学习方法，一般情况下，培养阅读者直接把视觉器官感知的文字符号转换成意义，消除头脑中潜在的发声现象，形成眼脑直映，结合记忆训练，用以提高学习效率。
由于大家平时对快速阅读接触不多，可以通过直接训练，训练大脑和眼睛的协调能力，去年，有学者推荐《精英特全脑速读记忆软件》作为假期学生学习计划中，以为软件练习30个小时就能使阅读速度提高5-10倍左右，学习每天练习1-2个小时，两个星期就能取得很好的效果，普通人300字每分钟左右的阅读速度会达到3000字每分钟的阅读速度，记忆力也相应的快速提升。这个建议得到了中央教科所心理研究室原主任、多年从事脑心理研究的专家朱法良的高度认可，目前我们学习很多班级开展的假期速读速记训练课程，用的就是《精英特全脑速读记忆软件》
2、为了节省时间在做阅读的时候应该切忌：
（1）阅读时不要逐字逐句的翻译，这样会导致阅读速度的降低，要快速阅读整篇文章，把握文章大意。
（2）不要一句话反复阅读，即阅读时碰到一时不理解的句子就一遍一遍地沉浸在阅读那个句子当中，反复琢磨。其实完全没有必要，因为要选对答案并不意味着对原文的每个句子都要读懂，抓住一些重点句子就够了，正确的做法是，以理解整个段落和整篇文章为主，在涵盖出题点的句子上用心捉摸。上文中提到的《精英特速读记忆》，超级速读训练同时就顺带训练了记忆，而超级记忆部分的思维导图对全面阅读文章后，抓出文章脉络和重点有良好的作用。所以建议大家可以尝试着学习一下。
3、如果是正在考试或者正在忙着备考的学生，我建议学习一下《精英特》，能够提高记忆力和学习效率，《精英特速读记忆》也是我们协会认可的。希望你早日进步！
⑶ 初中英语阅读的阅读技巧
初中的阅读一般生词比较少（所以单词是基础），只有个别的生词，所以心态版要好。
当遇到生词时也不要紧张，可以根据上下文和文章的意思来猜这个词的意思。
做阅读之前可以先读题，找出题目的关键词。再读文章。当权读到有题目中的关键词时，可以用铅笔画下来（做完后可以擦掉），这对答题很有帮助，可以很快找到原文。
一般初中的阅读理解5道题4道会在原文中找到根据，这也是你需要勾画的地方，便于检查。另外还有1道是选文章的题目或者推断，这需要对原文的意思有大体的了解，再来选择答案，可以用排除法。
另外如果每天有多余的时间，建议你可以做一篇阅读理解，逐渐就会找到做题的感觉，做起题也会更轻松。
希望你能采纳，祝你能成功！
⑷ 英语小故事短文300字
中英双语童话故事：醋溜先生花钱 很久以前，有一个穷人，他的原名叫什么已经不记得了。他个头很矮，脸上皱皱巴巴的，所以朋友们管他叫醋溜先生。他的太太也是又矮又老，他们住在一块小荒田后边的小屋里。 “约翰，”醋溜太太说道，“你到城里去买一头奶牛吧。我用挤出的牛奶做黄油，以后我们就衣食不愁了。” “好主意，”醋溜先生说，于是他出发进城，他的太太在路边等候他。 醋溜先生在城里走啊走，四处找牛。过了一会儿，一个农夫拉着一头非常漂亮而肥壮的奶牛走了过来。 “哦，如果那头牛是我的，我就是世界上最幸福的人了！” “这可是头很好的牛，”农夫说。 “啊，”醋溜先生说，“我出五十块金币的价买它。” 农夫微笑着伸手接钱，“你把它带走吧，”他说，“我就喜欢成人之美，朋友！” 醋溜先生抓住牛绳，拉着它在街上走啊走。“我是全世界最幸运的人了，”他说，“瞧瞧大家看着我和牛的眼神！” 可是在街的另一头，他见到一个吹风笛的人。他停下脚步聆听，笛声曼妙。 “哦，这是我听过的最动听的音乐了，”他说，“瞧瞧有这么多孩子围着那人，塞钱给他！如果我有风笛的话，就是世界上最幸福的人了！！” “我可以卖给你呀，”风笛手说道。 “是吗？可是我没有钱了，我拿这头牛和你换吧。” “拿去吧，”风笛手答道，“我最喜欢成人之美了。” 于是醋溜先生拿过了风笛，风笛手牵走了奶牛。 “现在我们可有音乐听了，”醋溜先生说，但是他花了老大的劲，还是吹不出什么调来。风笛只发出吱吱的怪声。孩子们非但没给他钱，还对他百般嘲笑。 天冷极了，为了吹风笛，醋溜先生的手指都冻僵了。他真希望自己没把牛给换走。 他开始往家走的时候，遇到一个人，那人戴着暖暖的手套。“哦，如果那副漂亮手套是我的，”他说，“那我就是世界上最幸福的人了。” “你出多少钱买？”那人问道。 “噢，我没钱了，可我用风笛和你换吧，”醋溜先生答道。 “这样的话，”那人说，“你就拿去吧，我就喜欢成人之美。” 醋溜先生把风笛给了那人，拿过手套戴在冻僵的手指头上。“我多幸运啊，”他边往家走边说道。他 的手很快就暖起来了，可是道路坑坑洼洼的，走得很艰难。走到一个陡坡下的时候，他累极了。“我怎么才能爬上去呢？”他说。这时候，他看到一个人从另一边走了过来。那人手里握着一根棍，用做爬坡的杖子。 “朋友，”醋溜先生说道，“如果我能有你那根杖子来爬坡，我就是这世界上最幸福的人了！” “你出多少钱来买？”那人问道。 “啊，我没钱了，可我愿把这副暖和的手套给你，”醋溜先生说。 “这样的话，”那人说道，“你就拿去好了，因为我最喜欢成人之美。” 醋溜先生的手早暖和过来了，于是他拿手套跟那人换了根上坡用的粗杖。“我多幸运啊！”他一边费劲地上坡一边说道。 到了山顶，他停下来休憩。可正当他想着一整天的好运时，他听到有谁在叫着自己的名字。他抬起头，只看到树枝上坐着只绿鹦鹉。 “醋溜先生，醋溜先生，”鹦鹉喊道。 “怎么了？”醋溜先生问。 “你是傻瓜，你是傻瓜！”鸟儿答道，“你出门找钱，找到了，却拿钱买牛，用牛换了风笛，用风笛换了手套，又用手套去换根能在路边弄到的棍子。呵呵呵，你是傻瓜！你是傻瓜！” 这话让醋溜先生生气极了。他用尽力气拿棍子朝鸟儿掷去。可鸟儿只回了句：“你是傻瓜！你是傻瓜！”而棍子又卡在树枝上，他够不着。 醋溜先生慢慢地向前走着，他脑子里乱腾腾的。他的太太正站在路边呢，一见到他，她就喊起来：“奶牛呢？奶牛呢？” “唔，我可不知道奶牛到哪去了，”醋溜先生说道。接着他把事情完完整整地告诉了她。 Mr. Vinegar and His Fortune A long time go, there lived a poor man whose real name has been forgotten. He was little and old and his face was 1)wrinkled, and that was why his friends called him Mr. Vinegar. His wife was also little and old, and they lived in a little old 2)cottage at the back of a little old field. "John," said Mrs. Vinegar, "you must go to town and buy a cow. I will milk her and 3)churn butter and we shall never want for anything." "That is a good plan," said Mr. Vinegar, so he started off to town while his wife waited by the roadside. Mr. Vinegar walked up and down the street of the town looking for a cow. After a time, a farmer came that way, leading one that was very pretty and fat. "Oh, if I only had that cow," said Mr. Vinegar, "I would be the happiest man in the world!" "She's a very good cow," said the farmer. "Well," said Mr. Vinegar, "I'll give you these 50 gold pieces for her." The farmer smiled and held out his hand for the money, "You may have her," he said, "I always like to oblige, my friends!" Mr. Vinegar took hold of the cow's halter and led her up and down the street. "I am the luckiest man in the world," he said, "for only see how all the people are looking at me and my cow!" But at one end of the street, he met a man playing 5)bagpipes. He stopped and listened -- Tweedle Dee Tweedle Dee. "Oh, that is the sweetest music I ever heard," he said, "and just see how all the children crowd around the man and give him pennies! If I only had those bagpipes, I would be the happiest man in the world!!" "I'll sell them to you," said the 6)piper. "Will you? Well then, since I have no money, I will give you this cow for them." "You may have them," answered the piper, "I always like to oblige a friend." Mr. Vinegar took the bagpipes and the piper led the cow away. "Now we will have some music," said Mr. Vinegar, but try as hard as he might, he could not play a tune. He could get nothing out of the bagpipes but "7)squeak, squeak". The children instead of giving him pennies laughed at him. The day was chilly and in trying to play the pipes, his fingers grew very cold. He wished he had kept the cow. He just started for home when he met a man who had warm gloves on his hands. "Oh, if I only had those pretty gloves," he said, "I would be the happiest man in the world." "How much will you give for them?" asked the man. "Oh, I have no money, but I will give you these bagpipes," answered Mr. Vinegar. "Well," said the man, "you may have them for I always like to oblige a friend." Mr. Vinegar gave him the bagpipes and drew the gloves on over his half frozen fingers. "How lucky I am," he said as he 8)trudged homeward. His hands were soon quite warm, but the road was rough and the walking hard. He was very tired when he came to the foot of the steep hill. "How shall I ever get to the top?" he said. Just then he met a man who was walking the other way. He had a stick in his hand which he used as a cane to help him along. "My friend," said Mr. Vinegar, "if only I had that stick of yours to help me up this hill, I would be the happiest man in the world!" "How much will you give me for it?" asked the man. "Well, I have no money, but I will give you this pair of warm gloves," said Mr. Vinegar. "Well," said the man, "you may have it for I always like to oblige a friend." Mr. Vinegar's hands were now quite warm, so he gave the gloves to the man and took the 9)stout stick to help him along. "How lucky I am!'' he said as he 10)toiled upward. At the top of the hill he stopped to rest. But as he was thinking of all his good luck that day, he heard someone calling his name. He looked up and saw only a green parrot sitting in a tree. "Mr. Vinegar, Mr. Vinegar," it cried. "What now?" said Mr. Vinegar. "You're a 11)nce, you're a nce!'' answered the bird, "you went to seek your fortune and you found it, then you gave it for a cow, and the cow for some bagpipes, and the bagpipes for some gloves, and the gloves for a stick which you might of cut by the roadside. He He He, you're a nce! You're a nce!'' This made Mr. Vinegar very angry. He threw the stick at the bird with all his might. But the bird only answered, "You're a nce! You're a nce!" And the stick 12)lodged in the tree where he could not get it again. Mr. Vinegar went on slowly for he had many things to think about. His wife was standing by the roadside and as soon as she saw him, she cried out, "Where's the cow? Where's the cow?" "Well, I just don't know where the cow is," said Mr. Vinegar. And then he told her the whole story. [单词注释] 1) wrinkled [5riNkld] a. 皱纹的 2) cottage [5kCtidV] n. 村舍 3) churn [tFE:n] v. 搅拌 4) oblige [E5blaidV] v. 责成 5) bagpipe [5bA^paip] n. 风笛 6) piper [5paipE] n. 风笛手 7) squeak [skwi:k] n. 吱吱的叫声 8) trudge [trQdV] v. 跋涉 9) stout [staJt] a. 粗的 10) toil [tCil] v. 跋涉，费力地做 11) nce [dQns] n. 傻瓜 12) lodge [lCdV] v. 存放，容纳
求采纳
⑸ 初中英语单选题300道
（一）名词、代词、数词
名词
一总分：⒈专有名词：个别的人、事等专有的名称。 ⒉普通名词。
二事物的性质：
⒈不可数名词。数词＋量词(s)＋不可数名词 如：two pieces of bread
⒉可数名词：
⑴规则：①一般加 s。②以 sh, s, ch, x, o +es *yo-yo/zoo/photo/radio/piano/kilo＋s ③以 e结尾的加 s。 man driver---- men drivers ④辅音字母加 y 去y 为 i 加 es。元音字母＋y ＋s.
⑵不规则：①man-men woman-women child-children tooth-teeth foot-feet people-people sheep-sheep deer-deer mouse-mice
② 以 f 或fe结尾，变为 ves。 thief, wife, self, life, half, leaf, knife, wolf.
小偷妻子自生活，半片叶小刀狼。
③表示民族的名词：复数词形不难记，中日友谊是一致；
英法联盟 a 改 e ，其 佘 一律加 s。
三所有格：1.在英语中有些名词可以加 ’ s 来表示所有关系。
⑴单数名词加’s。 ⑵以 s 结尾的复数名词加’ 读音不变。 ⑶不以 s 结尾的复数名词加’s。
2.无生命的用of＋名词。 3。表示时间、距离、世界、国家、城镇等名词＋“’s/’”
4. 双重所有格：限定词＋名词＋of ＋"’s" /“of＋名词性物主代词”
*A and B’s“两人共用” A’s and B’s“一人一个”
代词
一人称代词：表示你们、我们、他们的代词。
⑴主格（作主语）①第一人称：单数：I 复数：we 。 ② 第 二人称：单数：you
复数：you
③第三人称：单数：he,she,it. 复数：they
⑵宾格（作宾语）①第一人称：单数：me 复数：us ② 第 二人称：单数：you
复数：you
③第三人称：单数：him,her,it. 复数：them
＊英语中把“我”排在后
＊it指无生命的东西、天气、时间、距离、形式主语、形式宾语。
二物主代词：表示所有关系的代词。
⑴形容词性（作定语）①第一人称：单数：my 复数：our ② 第 二人称：
单数your 复数：your
③第三人称：单数：him,her,its. 复数：their
⑵名词性：①第一人称：单数：mine 复数：ours ② 第 二人称：单数：yours
复数：yours
③第三人称：单数：his,hers,its. 复数：theirs
＊of＋名词性物主代词＝of＋名词所有格
三反身代词：表示我自己、你自己、他自己的代词。
①第一人称：单数：myself 复数：ourselves。 ② 第 二人称：单数：yourself
复数：yourselves ③第三人称：单数：himself,herself,itself.
复数：themselves.
＊by oneself“独自地”/of oneself“自动地”
四指示代词：this,that,these,those,such.
五不定代词：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no. 由some,any,no,every构成的合成代词。
六疑问代词：who（主格）,whom（宾格）,whose（所有格）,what（职业）,
which（人／物）,how,where,when,why。
＊a few/ few/ a little/ little *one/ it / that/this *the others/another/others/the other
*everybody/somebody/anybody/nobody *either/neither/both/none *everything/anything/something/nothing
数词:表示数目多少或顺序次第的词。
一基数词（数目）
⒈从1－－100的基数词。
基数词不难记，找清规律很容易；十二以内词各异，需要逐个来记忆；十三至十九结尾均是teen,记时千万莫忘记；二十至九十 十词后都有ty,拼写一定要仔细；几十几中间的“－”莫丢弃；a hundred 是一百，千万别大意。以上口诀全记下，反复练习成绩提。
⒉从 21－－99。先说几十，再说几，中间加连字号。
⒊从101－－999。千位数加逗号,再加百位数,再加 and , 再加未两位数 。 （hundred/thousand/million/billion)
⒋有时基数词可以以复数形式出现。 hundreds of.
⒌几十的复数形式可表示人的岁数或年代。in one’s thirties. in the 1930s.(thirties)
⒍分数表达法：分子（基数词）分母（序数词）
＊分数词＋of＋名词 ＊one third/ two thirds/a half/a quarter/three fourths
⒎数学公式的读法：3＋8＝11 Three plus/and eight is eleven.
9－7=2 Nine minus seven is two.
6×5=30 Six times five is thirty. / Multiply six by five is thirty.
8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two.
8.时刻的表示法：0－－－past－－－30－－－to－－－60 * o’clock
half a hour（半小时）；two and a half hours/two hours and a half（两个半小时）；a quarter （一刻钟）
二序数词（顺序）
⒈基序变化的口诀：
第一二三特殊例，词尾字母 tdd ; th 词尾从四起，ve 要用 f 替；
八减七，九减 e, ty 变为 tie; 要是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。
(the ＋序数词，a(n)＋序数词“又、再”）如: a third man
⒉注意 Room 201, 1949, May 23(May the twenty-third), 9:15 的读法。
＊what month/ what’s the date?/ what day.
情态动词
1。主要词义：can （能、会、可以） ,may（可以） ,must （必须、应该） ,need（需要、不必） , have to（必须、不得不）
2。推测意义：can 用于否定句或疑问句“可能、不可能” ,may 用于肯定句或否定句，“可能、也许” ,must用于肯定句，“一定是”。
3。对含有情态动词问句肯定或否定答语：
can(肯：can,否：can’t.); may(肯：may,否：mustn’t/mayn’t); must(肯：must,否：needn’t/don’t have to)
4.情态动词和一些固定短语相互转换：
can----be able to; must----have to; needn’t----don’t have to
介词：是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词（或相当于名词的其它词类）构成介词短语，才能在句子中充当一个成分。
1。与名词搭配。如：at midnight/at the head of. 2.与形容词搭配。如：be afraid of / be pround of 3.与动词搭配。如：laugh at / agree with. 4.与其他搭配。如：instead of / from now on.
1.表示时间的介词：
＊in ＋一段时间“将来”／after＋一段时间“过去”
＊for +一段时间“多久”（过去／现在／将来） since“自-----起”（完成时 ）
by“到-----为止”（过去完成时） ring“在-----期间”
2。表示工具、手段、方法的介词：
＊by “以----方式／方法／手段” with “以----具体的工具／手段”
in“以----方式／用----语言” through“通过----径”
3。表示地点、位置的介词：
＊at“在 ---- 附近／旁边” in “在---- 范围内” on “在（线、面）附近”
to“在---- 范围之外”
＊above “在 ---- 上方”－反－below over “在 ----正上方”－反－under
on与之接触。
4。before“在 ---- 前面（接触）” in front of“在---- （外部）的前面”
in the front of“在 ---- 前面部”
二）动词句法功能、时态、语态
动词的句法功能：
一人称：与主语在人称上一致。
I am writing. You are writing.
二数：与主语在数上一致。
He writes well. They write well.
三时态：表示动作发生的时间。
I wrote a letter yesterday. I will write a letter tonight.
四语态：表示主语是做这动作的人或物还是承受动作的人或物。
The book was written by LuXun. LuXun wrote the book.
五语气：表示说话人认为这句话是事实，是要求做的事，还是假想虚拟的事。
He’s written to me.（陈述事实） Write to me, please. （提出要求）
I wish he would write to me.（表示愿望）
动词时态、语态
一时态复习：作谓语的动词用来表示动作发生时间的各种形式。
⒈一般现在时
⑴用法：①经常或习惯性的动作。②真理：The earth moves round the sun.
③在时间或条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来。Tell her about that when she comes tomorrow. We’ll go there if it doesn’t rain this afternoon.
⑵结构： ①一般加动词原形 。②主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加s.
③be和have有特殊形式。 ④在构成否定/疑问时,要借助助动词do/does.
⑶Key words: every, always, often, usually,sometimes,once a year.
⒉一般过去时
⑴。用法：① 在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态 。②过去习惯性的动作，常与 often,always 连用。 ③在时间或条件状语人句中，可表示过去将来时。He would ring me up as soon as he arrived.
⑵.结构：①动词的过去式。②动词 be ( was, were)
③构成否定或疑问时，借助助动词 did.
⑶ Key words: last, yesterday, just now, ago, in 2000, at that time.
＊“used to +动词原形”
⒊一般将来时
⑴。用法：① 有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指将来的情况。②在时间或条件状语从句中，不用将来时态 ，而用现在时 。
⑵。结构：① shall （ 第一人称问句中，征求对方意见或询问情况） ②。will （ 问对方是否愿意，表客气的邀请或命令 ） ③。be going to （ 打算、准备做的事，即将发生、肯定要发生的事 ）④。go/come/start/move/leave/arrive/stay/move 用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
⑶。Key words: this evening, next, in a week, tomorrow, before long, tonight, later on )
⒋一般过去将来时
⑴。用法：从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句中。
⑵。结构：①。should ②. would ③was/were going to
⑶.Key words: the next.
⒌现在进行时
⑴。用法：① 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。② 位移动词 （ go, come, leave, start ) 和终止性动词可用进行时表示将来。We are leaving next week. He is dying.
⑵.结构：be 动词＋ V-ing.
⑶.Key words: now, look, listen, this time, at 4:00,between 4:00 and 6:00.
⒍过去进行时
⑴。用法：①在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。I was reading a book this time yesterday. ②没有时间状语，通过上下文暗示判断。She was having lunch when I arrived.
⑵.结构：was/were + V-ing
⑶.Key words: this time yesterday, at that time,at four last Sunday,
from 6:00 to 9:00 last night.
⒎现在完成时
⑴。用法：①表示过去某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果。 He has read the book. ②表示到现在为止这一时期中的情况。I have walked to work these days. ③ 11个终止性动词：（ come, go, open, close, leave, arrive, start, begin, become, join,borrow,lend.) A. 不能与 for, since 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 B。在否定句中可以，因为否定式可表示状态 ，而状态是可延续的。I haven’t heard from her for a long time.
⑵结构：has/have + P.P.
⑶.Key words: already, never, ever, just, before, yet, since ( for ) + 从句，in the past…, ever since, these days,so far, by the end of, how long ( how many times ) 引导的疑问句。
＊。have been to 与 have gone to 的区别。
⒏过去完成时
⑴。用法：①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。②通过上下文暗示。
⑵。结构：had + 过去分词 （ 表示过去的过去 ）
⑶。Key words: by, before + 短语或从句， when.
语态复习
语态
⒈主动语态： 表示主语是动作的执行者。
⒉被动语态 （承受者）
⑴。用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或只需强调动作的承受者时。
⑵。结构：①一般现在时的被动语态：be + 过去分词 ②一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词 ③一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 ＋ be ＋ 过去分词。
⑶。注意点。
①被动语态的主语。
Ⅰ。介词宾语不能作被动的主语。We can change water into ice.→Water can be changed into ice.
Ⅱ.不定式的宾语不能作被动的主语。We often hear her sing this song.→She is often heard to sing this song.
Ⅲ.宾语补足语不能作被动的主语。They made Li Ping monitor.→Li Ping was made monitor.
Ⅳ.直接宾语(物)作被动的主语时，间接宾语(人)前要加 to 或 for. I gave Joan a knife.→A knife was given to Joan by me.
Ⅴ.地点状语不能作被动的主语。Russian is also taught in our school.
②被动语态的谓语。
Ⅰ。两种语态互换时，谓语动词应按变化后的主语而定。Mr Smith teaches them English.→They are taught English.
Ⅱ.使役动词(make,hear/listen,let,watch,feel,see/look)变被动时，要恢复被省略的 to. His father made him do that work.→He was made to do that work.
③被动语态的短语动词保持完整性。She can take care of the old man.→The old man can be taken care of.
④不及物动词或相当不及物动词的短语不能构成被动。Great changes have taken place in my hometown these days.
⑤that 引导的宾语从句变被动时， it 作形式主语。They say that he is much better.→It is said that he is much better.
（三）非谓语动词
动词不定式
一结构：⒈肯定式：to +动词原形 ⒉否定式：not+to+动词原形
二用法：
⒈作主语（常用 it 作形式主语）It’s＋名词（＋for sb)＋to do sth和It’s＋形容词（for/of sb)＋to do sth. ＊It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
⒉作宾语“意愿／企图”(want/agree/decide/begin/like/afford/plan/try)。They began to read.
⒊作宾补“命令／忠告”(tell/ask/want/wish/allow；感官动词和使役动词）。Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
⒋作后置定语。I have an important meeting to attend.
⒌作状语（目的状语：come/go/live；原因状语：sorry/glad/surprised/pleased/angry；结果状语：too---to/enough----to)。She went to see her grandma yesterday.
⒍疑问词＋动词不定式=名词短语。How to learn English well is a question.
7。had better---/Why not---?/Will (Would) you please---?＋不带to的不定式
三注意点
⒈不带 to 的动词不定式（表示动作的全过程）或现在分词（表示动作正在进行）作宾补。（一感二听三让四看。feel, listen to,hear,let,make,have,see,watch,notice,observe)
＊感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中，其前要加上to。
⒉可跟不定式又可跟动名词。（一记二忘三遗憾，四试五图六停止。remember,
forget,regret,try,mean,stop)+to (全过程) / +Ving(正在进行)
⒊跟动名词作宾语。（妹不识咖啡 mepscafe, mind/miss,enjoy,practise,suggest,consider,admit/avoid,finish,escape)
动词的- ing形式
finish/enjoy/mind/suggest/give up/keep on/can’t help /practise/feel like/be worth+动词的- ing形式
（四）形容词、副词的比较等级
形容词
一形容词：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。
二用法：作定语，作表语和宾语补足语。
三比较等级：
⒈构成：
⑴单音节词：①一般加 er/est. ②以 e 结尾的加 r/st. ③辅音＋y 去 y 变 i 再加 er/est. ④重读 音节的双写，再加 er/est。
⑵部分双章节词的加more/most. 如：careful, useful, friendly, .
⑶不规则的：good--better--best, bad/ill--worse--worst, many/much--more--most, little--less--least, far--farther--farthest, old--older/elder--oldest/eldest.
⒉基本句型：
⑴原级：①主语＋谓语＋as ＋形容词原级＋as＋从句（省略与主句相同部分）、“和……一样” ② not as (so) + 原级 ＋as
⑵比较级：① A +be +比较级 ＋ than + B. “一方比另一方更……”（ A 和B在句中的功能一致）
② A +be +比较级 ＋ than any other +单数名词。“比任何人／物都……”
③A +be +比较级 ＋ than anyone /anything else。 “比其它任何人／物都……”
④ less +原级＋than+… “不如……” He is less strong than I.
表示程度的词：much（得多） far（得多） even（更）a little（一点） a bit （一点） any（一点） 来修饰。
⑶最高级：①主语＋ be +the +最高级＋名词＋ in/of/among ＋短语 “最……”
② the very +最高级 = much the +最高级
③one of ＋ the ＋最高级＋复数名词 “是……最……之一”
④最高级有时不表示比较，“非常，很”
This is a most interesting story.
＊复合形容词：数词＋单数名词＋形容词 如：12-year-old.
副词
副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
一。用法：⒈地点：here, there, up, down. ⒉时间: now, yesterday, always, never, sometimes. ⒊方式: badly, carefully, slowly. ⒋程度: much, very, so, quite, enough.
⒌疑问:when, where, who, why.
二比较等级：
⒈构成：
⑴单音节词：①一般加 er/est. ②以 e 结尾的加 r/st.
③辅音＋y 去 y 变 i 再加 er/est. ④重读闭音节的双写，再加 er/est。
⑵部分双章节词的加more/most. 如：slowly, quickly. .
⑶不规则的：well--better--best, bad--worse--worst, much--more--most,
little--less--least, far--farther--farthest.
⒉基本句型：
⑴原级：①主语＋谓语＋as ＋原级＋as＋从句（省略与主句相同部分）、
“和……一样”
② not as (so) + 原级 ＋as
⑵比较级：① A +be +比较级 ＋ than + B. “一方比另一方更……”（ A 和B在句中的功能一致）
② A +be +比较级 ＋ than any other +单数名词。“比任何人／物都……”
③A +be +比较级 ＋ than anyone /anything else。 “比其它任何人／物都……”
④ less +原级＋than+… “不如……” He is less well than I.
表示程度的词：much（得多） far（得多） even（更）a little（一点） a bit （一点） any（一点） 来修饰。
⑶最高级：①主语＋ be +the +最高级＋名词＋ in/of/among ＋短语 “最……”
② the very +最高级 = much the +最高级
③one of ＋ the ＋最高级＋复数名词 “是……最……之一”
④在副词的最高级前用不用定冠词都可以，不用时更多一些。
He works hardest of all.
（五）冠词
一.概念:不能单独作句子成份,用于名词之前,用来说明名词所指的事.
二.不定冠词(a/an)
1.泛指某一人/物. a+辅音 如: a useful an+元音 如: an hour/f/h/m/n/r/x
2.a+单数可数名词 数量中的"一"
3.such(what)/quite/rather+形容词+单数名词; so/as/too/how+形容词+单数名词
what a bright girl/such an interesting story/too kind a woman
4.词组:a lot of ; 习惯用语: at breakfast/by bus.
三.定冠词(the)
1.独一无二的.
2.双方都知道的/上文提过的人/物.
3.the+特定的人/物/乐器/序数词/形容词最高级
4.习惯用语:in the morning.
四.不用冠词.
1.三餐/球类
2. 日/月份/四季/星期
3.称呼/头衔
4.所有格/代词+名词
5.连系动词+序数词(表语) He is first. 动词+序数词 He comes first.
形容词性物主代词/所有格+ 序数词 his first day
⑹ 初中英语阅读300篇翻译(基础卷）
THE NEWSPAPER 报 纸
Nowadays the newspaper possesses considerable value Everybody should read it. It supplies us with a variety of news every day. It tells us the political situation of the world. If we form the habit of reading the newspaper, we shall (will) get enough knowledge to cope with our circumstances.
现今报纸拥有极大的价值，人人都应该看它。它每天提供我们各种类类的消息。它告诉我们世界政治局势。如果我们养成看报的习惯，我们就能得到足够的知识来因应我们的环境。
学生虽然每天须做功课，但他们至少应该匀出一两个小时来看报。哪些，他们不但能增加知识而且也能赶上时代。总而言之，看报对学生很有益处。
MY DAILY LIFE 我的日常生活
Though my daily life is extremely monotonous, I try hard to adapt myself to it. Why? Because I intend to be a good student. I wish to render service to my country.
I get up at six o’clock every day. After I wash my face and brush my teeth, I begin to review my lessons. I go to school at seven o’clock.
After school is over, I return home. We usually have supper at seven o’clock.
Then I begin to do my homework. I want to finish it before I go to bed.
虽然我的日常生活十分单调，但我却竭力设法去适应它。为什么？因为我打算做一个好学生，希望将来为国家服务。
我每天六点起床、洗脸刷牙后，就开始复习功课，七点钟我就去上学。
放学后，我就回家了。我们通常在七点钟吃晚餐，之后我就开始做家庭作业，希望在睡觉前把它做完。
A TRIP TO THE COUNTRY 乡村游记
One Sunday my mother (Mother) had (made) me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.
While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling) at us and heard the birds sing (singing) their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful).
When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother) wait (waiting) for us at the door.
有一个星期日，我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的时候，太阳灿烂地照耀着，微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着，并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲，风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候，我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。 WHY SHOULD WE STUDY ENGLISH 为什么我们要学英文
If you want to ask me why we should study English, my answer will be simple and clear. Now let me enumerate the reasons one by one in the following.
In the first place, English has become an international language. If you know English, you van make a trip round the world without being misunderstood.
In the second place, most valuable books, newspapers and magazines are written in English. If you wish (hope) to get knowledge, you must learn English.
如果你要问我们为什么我们要学英文。我的答复很简单明了。现在让我来把我的理由一一列举在下面：
英文已成为一种国际语言。如果你通晓它，你可以环游世界不会被人误解。
大多数有价值的书籍，报纸和杂志都是用英文写的。如果你希望获得知识，你必须学习英文。
MY BIRTHDAY 我的生日
Yesterday was my birthday, so some of my classmates sent me presents. Mother prepared a tea party for me. I invited all of them to come and take part in it.
The tea party began at half past six. There were cold drinks and refreshments. We ate, talked and laughed. We felt that we were the happiest men in the world.
Time passed quickly. In a twinkling, the clock on the wall struck nine. We could not but say “Good-bye” to one another.
昨天是我生日，所以有几位我的同班同学送我礼。母亲给我准备一个茶会。我邀请他们都前来参加。
茶会下午六点半开始。有冷饮和点心。我们又吃又谈又笑。我们觉得是世界上最快乐的人。
时间过得很快。转瞬间，墙上的钟敲九点了。我们不得不互道再见 Fox and cock
One morning a fox sees a cock.He think,"This is my breakfast.''
He comes up to the cock and says,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?''The cock is glad.He closes his eyes and begins to sing.The fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away.
The people in the field see the fox.They cry,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.''
The cock says to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.''
The fox opens his mouth and says,"The cock is mine,not yours.''Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree.
狐狸和公鸡
一天早上，一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想：这是我的早餐。
他朝公鸡走来，对他说：“我知道，你能唱得非常好听，你能唱给我听么？”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。
在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫：“看，看！狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说：“狐狸先生，你能理解么？人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的，不是他们的。”
狐狸张开她的嘴说：“公鸡是我的，不是你们的。”就在那时，公鸡逃离了狐狸的嘴巴，跑到了树底下。
Mistake
An American, a Scot and a Canadian were killed in a car accident. They arrived at the gates of heaven, where a flustered St. Peter explained that there had been a mistake. "Give me $500 each," he said, "and I'll return you to earth as if the whole thing never happened."
"Done!" said the American. Instantly, he found himself standing unhurt near the scene.
"Where are the others?" asked a medic.
"Last I knew," said the American, "the Scot was haggling price, and the Canadian was arguing that his government should pay."
搞错了
一位美国人，一位英格兰人和一位加拿大人在一场车祸中丧生。他们到达天堂的门口。在那里，醉醺醺的圣彼德解释说是搞错了。“每人给我五百美元，”他说，“我将把你们送回人间，就象什么都没有发生过一样。”
“成交!”美国人说。立刻，他发现自己毫不损伤地站在现场附近。
“其他人在哪儿？”一名医生问道。
“我离开之前，”那名美国人说，“我看见英格兰人正在砍价，而那名加拿大人正在分辩说应该由他的政府来出这笔钱。”
Pig or Witch
A man is driving up a steep, narrow mountain road. A woman is driving down the same road. As they pass each other, the woman leans out of the window and yells "PIG!!" The man immediately leans out of his window and replies, "WITCH(女巫)!!" They each continue on their way, and as the man rounds the next corner, he crashes into a pig in the middle of the road. If only men would listen.
猪还是女巫
一个男人在一条陡峭狭窄的山路上驾车，一个女人相向驾车而来。他们相遇时，那个女的从窗中伸出头来叫到：“猪！！”那个男的立即从窗中伸出头来回敬道：“女巫！！”他们继续前行。这个男的在下一个路口转弯时，撞上了路中间的一头猪。要是这个男的能听懂那个女人的意思就好了。
I Am Acting Like a Lady
One day when women's dresses were on sale at the FarEast Department Store, a dignified middle-aged man decided to get his wife a piece. But he soon found himself being battered by frantic women.
He stood it as long as he could; then, with head lowered and arms flailing, he plowed through the crowed.
"You there!" challenged a thrill voice. "Can't you act like a gentleman?"
"Listen," he said, "I have been acting like a gentleman for an hour. From now on, I am acting like a lady."
我要表现得象位女士
一天，远东百货公司的女装大减价，一位高贵的中年男士想给太太买一件。可是，没过多久，他发现自己已被疯狂的女人冲得踉踉跄跄。
他竭力忍耐着。后来，他低下头，挥动双臂，挤过人群。
“你干嘛？”有人尖声叫道，“你难道不能表现得象位绅士吗？”
“听着，”他说，“我已经象绅士一样表现了一个小时。从现在起，我要表现得象个女士。”
Hello, everyone! My name is xxx. I am x years old. I am from China.I can speak Chinese and a little English. My favorite subject is English, because I think it is very interesting. I like going to the movies, playing sports and reading books. I like summer best, because it is very relaxing and we have a long hollday. I love my life. I think I am a happy girl. Do you want to make friends with me?
大家好！我是xxx。我x岁。我来自中国。我会说中文和一点英文。我最喜欢的科目是英语，因为我认为它非常有趣。我喜欢看电影，做运动和看书。我最喜欢夏天，因为他非常轻松并且我们有一个长的假期。我爱我的生活。我认为我是一个快乐的女孩。你想和我做好朋友么？
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.
'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'
参考译文
上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！”
“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！” My Room
This is my room. Near the window there is a desk. I often do my homework at it. You can see some books, some flowers in a vase, a ruler and a pen. On the wall near the desk there is a picture of a cat. There is a clock above the end of my bed. I usually put my shoe under my bed. Of course there is a chair in front of the desk. I sit there and I can see the trees and roads outside.
我的房间
这是我的房间。 在窗口附近有一张书桌。 我经常在那做我的家庭作业。 您能看有些书，有些花在花瓶里，一把格尺和笔。 在墙壁在书桌有猫的图片。 有一个时钟在我的床上的末端。 我通常把我的鞋子放在我的床下。 当然有一把椅子在书桌前面。 我坐那里，并且我能看外面的树和路
Skating
Mom bought me a pair of skating shoes at my fifth birthday. From then on, I developed the hobby of skating. It not only makes me stronger and stronger, but also helps me know many truths of life. I know that it is normal to fall, and if only you can get on your feet again and keep on moving, you are very good!
滑冰
妈妈买了我一双冰鞋鞋子在我的第五个生日。 从那时起，我爱好滑冰。 它不仅使我越来越加强，而且帮助我知道生活许多真谛。 我知道摔倒是正常的，并且，如果只有你能摔倒后再站起来，就是非常好!
The Sea
What do you know about the sea? Some people know about it, but others don’t. The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, the sea is very big. In the world, there is more sea than land. Do you know Hainan Island? It’s really very nice. We can see beaches, trees and the sea. We can swim and visit a lot of beautiful places.
海
你对海知道些什么？ 某些人知道关于它，但其他不。 海看起来美丽在一个美好的晴天，海是非常大的。 在世界上，比土地有更多海。 您是否知道海南岛？ 那非常好。 我们能看海滩、树和海。 我们可以游泳和参观很多美好的地方。
Computers
Computers are changing our life. You can do a lot of things with a computer. Such as, you can use a computer to write articles, watch video CDs, play games and do office work. But the most important use of a computer is to join the Internet.We don’t need to leave home to borrow books from a library or to do shopping in a supermarket.
Computers help us live a more convenient life.
计算机
计算机改变我们的生活。 您能做很多事用计算机。 例如，您能使用计算机写文章，手表录影CDs，戏剧比赛和完成办公室工作。 但对计算机的最重要的用途是加入Internet.我们不需要离开家去从图书馆借用书或在超级市场做购物。
计算机帮助我们居住更加方便的生活。
Smiling
I think smiling is as important as sunshine. Smiling is like sunshine because it can make people happy and have a good day. If you aren’t happy, you can smile, and then you will feel happy. Someone may say, “But I don’t feel happy.” Then I would say, “Please smile as you do when you are happy or play with your friends happily. You will really be happy again.”
Smiling can let you have more friends.So I say, smiling is like a flower. It will give you happiness.
微笑
我认为微笑是一样重要的象阳光。 微笑是象阳光，因为它可能使人愉快和有一个早晨好。 如果您不是愉快的，您能微笑，您然后将感觉愉快。 某人也许说， “但是我不感到愉快”。 然后我会说， “请微笑，您，当您愉快地是愉快或戏剧与您的朋友。 您真正地再将是愉快的”。
微笑可能让您有更多朋友。如此我说，微笑是象花。 它将给您幸福。
Sunday
It was Sunday and I didn't have to go to school. I finished my homework the day before. So I decided to help mother do housework. I washed some clothes after I got up. Then I went shopping with a basket. I bought some meat, eggs and some vegetables in the market. After I came back, I started to cook dinner for the whole family. In the evening, I sat at the table and began to write down on my notebook what I had done ring the day.
星期天
它是星期天，并且我没有必须去学校。 我前一天完成了我的家庭作业。 如此我决定帮助做家事。 在我起来了之后，我洗了一些衣裳。 然后我带着篮子去购物。 我在市场上买了一些肉、蛋和有些菜。 在我回来了之后，我开始为全家烹调晚餐。 在晚上，我在我的笔记本写下什么我白天做了什么。
Winter
Winter is very cold and windy in most parts of China. I usually look forward to the Spring Festival and the winter holiday when I can go to the south where the climate is warmer ring these holidays. Also, I look forward to seeing my grandparents and my friends. Winter is the time everyone is in a festive mood. In the city, I usually do a lot of reading at home in the winter because of eh cold weather outside.
中国大部分地区的冬天是即冷又有风的。我总是盼望着春节或寒假，到时候我就可以去南方了，当地的气候在这时会暖和的多。我也盼望着去探望我的祖父母和我的朋友。冬天，每个人都怀着喜庆的心情。在城里，冬天的时候我经常待在家里尽情地看书，因为外面的天气非常的冷
Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I’ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time.
现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时，这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。
A young business man had just started his business, and rented a beautiful office. Sitting there, he saw a man come into the outer office. Wishing to appear busy, the businessman picked up the phone and pretended that he had a big deal working. He threw huge figures around and made giant commitments.Finally, he hung up and asked the visitor. "Can I help you?" The man said, "Sure. I've come to install the phone."
一个年轻人刚开始做生意，租了一间漂亮的办公室。坐在办公室，他看见一个人从外面走进办公室。装着很忙的样子，他拿起话筒，假装正在跟人谈一笔很大的生意。他从嘴里说出的，都是数目很大的数字，还有口气很大的许诺。 最后，他挂上电话，问来访者:“您有什么事吗？”来访者说:“哦，我是来装电话的。”
⑺ 初中英语短文 300字左右
A new school term begins, Is anything new at your school? Sichuan students are getting an extra（额外的）hour to sleep in the morning.
This year, Sichuan schools decided that students should start classes later. This should help them feel less tired, For Junior high schools, the first classes wil begin no earlier than 8:30 am.
The changes have made students happy.
Liu Xian, 15, said his class was excted by the news on the first day of school. “It’s so good we can get up later!” Liu.
Liu studies in Cheng No.4 Middle School. He used to get up at 6:40 am. Now he can get up at 7:40 am because class doesn’t start until 8:40 am.
Wu Hongli, 15, said the new timetable is good for her health.“I used to drink coffee every night or I would feel to sleepy to finish my homework, ”said Wu. “Now I can finish it without coffee.”She used to get up at 6:30 am. Now she can get up at 7:30 am.
Wu Hongli’s mother was happy, too. She thought more sleep would help her daughter grow taller.
But some parents worried that more sleep would mean less learning. There used to be five classes in the morning. Now there are only four.
Many teachers, though, say the changes will help students learn better.
“Students used to doze（瞌睡）for the first two classes in the morning,”said Wu Zongping, an English teacher at Chen No.12 Middle School. “But now they look fine and they learn much better than before.”
⑻ 如何上好初中英语阅读课
周三我上了一节英语阅读课，讲课之后自己意识到了很多的不足之处，老师们也给我提出了很好的建议，经过深入反思，我觉得以后上阅读课时注意以下几点：一、选好合适的阅读材料。1、长短适中。课堂教学必须要考虑时间。文章太长，当堂课不能完成，课堂任务单调，学生容易倦怠。一般初一的学生限制在50字左右，初二200字左右，初三的300字左右。2、难易适中。要结合学生的实际情况，不可高估学生的水平，太难会挫伤学生学习英语的锐气和积极性。3、可阅读性。文章要贴近现实，符合学生的爱好。要有趣味性、科学性、知识性，满足学生的好奇心。 二、掌握关键词，抓住中心意思。 1、默读一遍，回答浅层问题。默读能提高学生的阅读速度，加快主要信息扑捉能力。 2、大声朗读，回答深层问题。大声朗读，可以帮助学生很快形成语感，更深刻地理解文章内涵。这是第二遍阅读这篇文章，可以问学生一些深层次的问题。 3. 找出重点词汇，理解并运用。启发学生根据自己的实际阅读情况找出重难点词汇并通过创设情境，让学生体验理解并运用。 4、概括文章，复述大意。抓住文章的中心意思，形成完整印象。运用自己的语言概括大意，是思考后成品输出，是学习后的成果展示。先给文章分段，并找出关键句或用自己的语言概括主要意思。 三、深挖主题，拓宽思路。 仔细研究，找出文旨。文章是作者传播信息或信念的载体，要体会到作者的深层含义，重在看门道，不是看热闹。比如我讲的这一课是 how to keep healthy by eating a balanced diet, 总的来说，我们必须高度重视阅读课，我们不能一味翻译文章，也不能只把重点放到单词词组句子和语法知识上，要考虑学生学习英语的兴趣，学生用英语思考的能力，学生语感的培养，学生的一生对英语学习的态度的能力方面，充分开发阅读课的潜力，有效地利用阅读课的资源，通过各种方法来提高学生的阅读能力。要本着学生是课堂教学的主体，教师起主导作用的原则，注重课堂气氛和教学节奏的把握，利用多媒体辅助教学，在尽可能调动学生各种感官的参与，提高学生的阅读理解能力和其他方面的能力。