关于阿基米德的英语阅读

❶ 用英语写我对阿基米德的看法

Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and an explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, including siege engines and the screw pump that bears his name. Modern experiments have tested claims that Archimedes designed machines capable of lifting attacking ships out of the water and setting ships on fire using an array of mirrors.[1]

Archimedes is generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time.[2][3] He used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of pi.[4] He also defined the spiral bearing his name, formulae for the volumes of surfaces of revolution and an ingenious system for expressing very large numbers.

Archimedes died ring the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed. Cicero describes visiting the tomb of Archimedes, which was surmounted by a sphere inscribed within a cylinder. Archimedes had proven that the sphere has two thirds of the volume and surface area of the cylinder (including the bases of the latter), and regarded this as the greatest of his mathematical achievements.

Unlike his inventions, the mathematical writings of Archimedes were little known in antiquity. Mathematicians from Alexandria read and quoted him, but the first comprehensive compilation was not made until c. 530 AD by Isidore of Miletus, while commentaries on the works of Archimedes written by Eutocius in the sixth century AD opened them to wider readership for the first time. The relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists ring the Renaissance,[5] while the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results.[6]

❷ 用英语介绍阿基米德（最简单的）

找到一个PDF文件，阿基米德发现密度的故事，就是国王让他看皇冠是不是纯金的那个故事。文章的用词很简单，设计也不错，你要是要的话，可以用Q联系我

❸ 阿基米德阅读答案

句中的“堡垒”指解决科学上的难题、攻克科学上的难关. “挂彩”在句中版指在探索科学奥秘、传权播科学真理的过程中会遇到挫折、失败,甚至会遭到伤害.比喻 只有勇往直前才能夺取胜利 2. 诗句原意差不多是这个意思：春天蚕就开始吐丝,直到它死了才会停；蜡烛直到完全变成了灰烬烛泪才会干.原本寓意是强烈的思念之情.本文是指为科学,为真理,不惧危险,不惧牺牲,坚韧不拔的奉献精神

❹ 阿基米德 阅读

LZ小学3年级？咋还问这种题

❺ 关于阿基米德

叙古拉国王艾希罗交给金匠一块黄金，让他做一顶王冠。王冠做成后，国王拿在手里觉得有点轻。他怀疑金匠掺了假，可是金匠以脑袋担保说没有，并当面拿秤来称，结果与原来的金块一样重。国王还是有些怀疑，可他又拿不出证据，于是把阿基米德叫来，要他来解决这个难题。
回家后，阿基米德闭门谢客，冥思苦想，但百思不得其解。
一天，他的夫人逼他洗澡。当他跳入池中时，水从池中溢了出来。阿基米德听到那哗哗哗的流水声，灵感一下子冒了出来。他从池中跳出来，连衣服都没穿，就冲到街上，高喊着："优勒加！优勒加！（意为发现了）"。夫人这回可真着急了，嘴里嘟囔着"真疯了，真疯了"，便随后追了出去。街上的人不知发生了什么事，也都跟在后面追着看。
原来，阿基米德由澡盆溢水找到了解决王冠问题的办法：相同质量的相同物质泡在水里，溢出的水的体积应该相同。如果把王冠放到水了，溢出的水的体积应该与相同质量的金块的体积相同，否则王冠里肯定掺有假。
阿基为德跑到王宫后立即找来一盆水，又找来同样重量的一块黄金，一块白银，分两次泡进盆里，白银溢出的水比黄金溢出的几乎要多一倍，然后他又把王冠和金块分别泡进水盆里，王冠溢出的水比金块多，显然王冠的质量不等于金块的质量，王冠里肯定掺了假。在铁的事实面前，金匠不得不低头承认，王冠里确实掺了白银。烦人的王冠之谜终于解开了。

❻ 阿基米德的简介(英文加中文翻译)

Archimedes is a great ancient Greek philosopher, encyclopedic scientist, mathematician, physicist, mechanist, founder of static mechanics and hydrostatics, and enjoys the reputation of "father of mechanics".

Archimedes, together with Gauss and Newton, are the three major mathematicians in the world.

阿基米德，伟大的古希腊哲学家、网络式科学家、数学家、物理学家、力学家，静态力学和流体静力学的奠基人，并且享有“力学之父”的美称，阿基米德和高斯、牛顿并列为世界三大数学家。

(6)关于阿基米德的英语阅读扩展阅读

阿基米德确立了静力学和流体静力学的基本原理。给出许多求几何图形重心，包括由一抛物线和其网平行弦线所围成图形的重心的方法。阿基米德证明物体在液体中所受浮力等于它所排开液体的重量，这一结果后被称为阿基米德原理。

他还给出正抛物旋转体浮在液体中平衡稳定的判据。阿基米德发明的机械有引水用的水螺旋，能牵动满载大船的杠杆滑轮机械，能说明日食，月食现象的地球-月球-太阳运行模型。

但他认为机械发明比纯数学低级，因而没写这方面的著作。阿基米德还采用不断分割法求椭球体、旋转抛物体等的体积，这种方法已具有积分计算的雏形。

❼ 阿基米德英语介绍

In 287 BC, Archimedes was born in Syracuse in Sicily (now in Siracusa, Italy). He was born in the aristocracy, and Syracuse's Joseph Wang farmers have relatives, family is very rich. Archimedes's father is a mathematician and astronomer, knowledgeable, modest man. His 11-year-old, and with the relationship between the royal family, were sent to the ancient Greek city of Alexandria Cultural Center to learn.
Alexandria at the mouth of the Nile is at the time of the trade and cultural centers. There are magnificent museums, libraries, and a large pool of talent, the people of the world as "intellectual capital." Archimedes in the learning and living here for many years, talked to a lot of close contacts between scholars. During his study of mathematics, astronomy and mechanics have a strong interest. In his study of astronomy, invented by water-driven instrument of the planet and used it to simulate the sun, moon and planets of the solar eclipse and the operation and performance of the moon phenomenon. To address the Nile river water used for irrigation of the land problem, which invented the spiral-shaped cylinder pumping, later called "Archimedes spiral."
In 240 BC, Archimedes and Syria back to the Gulag, when the king He agricultural adviser to the king to help resolve the practice of proction, military technology and daily life in a variety of scientific and technical issues.
In 212 BC, the Roman army fell to Syracuse, is concentrating on the issue of the scientific study of Archimedes, unfortunately, was Rome's arrogant soldier killed, 75-year-old throughout the year. Archimedes's body was buried in Sicily, inscribed on the tombstone of a cylinder cut the ball inside the graphics to mark his outstanding contribution to the geometry.

Archimedes is the ancient Greek great mathematicians, Mechanics .Approximately 287 B.C. are born to Sicily narrates ancient pulls, 212B.C. died at with the place.

Archimedes long ago followed Euclid in then cultural center Alexanderthe student study, about his biography not detailed record, butactually widely spread about his many stories. He will haveestablished the law of lever, and called "for me a pivot, I will movethe Earth"; Had discovered hydrostatics basic principle - Archimedes'Principle, and uses for to distinguish the imperial crown the genuineand fake; Once had designed many wars machineries, resists enemy'sattack... ...

The posterity gives the very high appraisal to Archimedes, often himand Newton, Gauss and is called throughout history contributes thebiggest mathematician

公元前212年，阿基米德诞生于西西里岛的叙拉古(今意大利锡拉库萨)。他出生于贵族，与叙拉古的赫农王有亲戚关系，家庭十分富有。阿基米德的父亲是天文学家兼数学家，学识渊博，为人谦逊。他十一岁时，借助与王室的关系，被送到古希腊文化中心亚历山大里亚城去学习。
亚历山大里亚位于尼罗河口，是当时文化贸易的中心之一。这里有雄伟的博物馆、图书馆，而且人才荟萃，被世人誉为“智慧之都”。阿基米德在这里学习和生活了许多年，曾跟很多学者密切交往。他在学习期间对数学、力学和天文学有浓厚的兴趣。在他学习天文学时，发明了用水利推动的星球仪，并用它模拟太阳、行星和月亮的运行及表演日食和月食现象。为解决用尼罗河水灌溉土地的难题，它发明了圆筒状的螺旋扬水器，后人称它为“阿基米德螺旋”。
公元前240年，阿基米德回叙古拉，当了赫农王的顾问，帮助国王解决生产实践、军事技术和日常生活中的各种科学技术问题。
公元前287年，古罗马军队攻陷叙拉古，正在聚精会神研究科学问题的阿基米德，不幸被蛮横的罗马士兵杀死，终年七十五岁。阿基米德的遗体葬在西西里岛，墓碑上刻着一个圆柱内切球的图形，以纪念他在几何学上的卓越贡献。

❽ 阿基米德 阅读 答案

相传叙拉古赫农王让工匠替他做了一顶纯金的王冠。但是在做好后，国王疑心工匠做的金冠并非全金，但这顶金冠确与当初交给金匠的纯金一样重。工匠到底有没有私吞黄金呢？既想检验真假，
阿基米德发现浮力又不能破坏王冠，这个问题不仅难倒了国王，也使诸大臣们面面相觑。经一大臣建议，国王请来阿基米德检验。最初，阿基米德也是冥思苦想而却无计可施。一天，他在家洗澡，当他坐进澡盆里时，看到水往外溢，同时感到身体被轻轻托起。他突然悟到可以用测定固体在水中排水量的办法，来确定金冠的比重。他兴奋地跳出澡盆，连衣服都顾不得穿上就跑了出去，大声喊着“尤里卡！尤里卡！”（Eureka，意思是“找到了”。Greek：ερηκα）
他经过了进一步的实验以后，便来到了王宫，他把王冠和同等重量的纯金放在盛满水的两个盆里，比较两盆溢出来的水，发现放王冠的盆里溢出来的水比另一盆多。这就说明王冠的体积比相同重量的纯金的体积大，密度不相同，所以证明了王冠里掺进了其他金属。

❾ 阿基米德的小故事英文的加翻译，急急急！！！

(287-212 B.C.).Archimedes of whole life diligence good learn, with concentration 1 dedicate a body at science, be loyal to a motherland and be subjected to respect of people with speak favorably.Archimedes once detection lever laws with is assign name to with his name of Archimedes' laws.Combine make use of these laws a design variety machine, behavior people, contribute efforts to the motherland.Concerning he usually of detailed circumstance, have already can't research.But concerning his invention creation with protect the story of motherland, spread up to now.

The establishment of lever laws

People since remote antiquity meeting usage lever, and know skillfully usage lever.At Egypt build pyramid of time, the slaves make use of lever to pry heavy piece of stone upwards. The shipbuilding worker use lever to on a ship install a mast.People use to draw water a boom to take water from the inside of the well, etc..But, why can the lever make this?Archimedes detection lever laws previous, is no one can explanation of.At that time, the philosopher have insist to say at the time of speaking of this problem, this BE"evil".Archimedes but deny is what"evil".He know, various phenomenon in the nature, total have nature of reason to explanation.The leverage also has its reason of the nature, his decision it explanation come out.Archimedes process again and again observation, experiment and calculation, finally establishment lever of balance laws.Be, "dint arm and dint(weight) become reverse ratio."In other words, be:The small weight is a big weight of how much cent it a heavy, long the dint arm should be short dint arm of how much times long.The establishment of Archimedes after the lever laws, predict to say, as long as can obtain appropriate lever length, any weight can raise with the pimping strength.It is said that that he once said so of the Hao speech strong language:

"Give me a fulcrum, I to raise the Earth for the ability!"

The Xu after pulling the king in thou hear say to Archimedes:"By dint of the Zeus(the Zeus be the king of many absolute being in Greece myth, supervisor's day, thunder, electricity and rain) take an oath, you say of the matter is really strange, Archimedes!"Archimedes to king explanation the characteristic of lever after, the king say:"Arrive where find a fulcrum, raise the Earth?"

"So of the fulcrum have no."The answer of Archimedes say.

"So call the person believe the divine power of mechanics impossible?" The king say.

"Not, not, you misunderstood, his majesty, I can give you enumerate don't of example."Archimedes say.

The king say:"You bragged too much!You and substitute my push similar and heavy thing, see the words that you speak how."The king is have the problem of a difficulty at that time, be him for Wang2 Zao4 in Egypt 1 very big of ship.The ship after build goodly mobilized Xu to pull the person of the whole city in thou, can not also push it to enter water.Archimedes say:"All right, I substitute you to push this ship."

Archimedes after leave the king make use of the son of lever and pulley reason, design, manufacturing a set of skillful of machine.After readying to everything all, Archimedes invite a king to watch argosy enter water.He hand over to the king a bitter end of heavy rope, let the king lightly pull once.Immediately, that argosy slowly move to move, successfully slippery descended Shui-li, king and big ministers to see so of miracle, good the elephant see play magic similar, astonishment not already!Hence, king letter Archimedes, and to whole country send out an announcement:"From now on and regardless Archimedes speak what, all want to believe him ……"

Measure the hard nut to crack of royal crown

In ordinary people's eyes, Archimedes be a "eccentric".The words which use historian Pu Lu tower gram in the Rome say:"His elephant is an inside the person of evil doctrine, for all of the body of meal and oneself nonchalance."Sometimes, the rice put to call him have a meal on the table, he good the elephant heard, still in the ash of the brazier painting his several sketch.His wife always watch him.Like he use the time that the oil wipe a body, then foolish sit useful oil to draw a case, but forget at the oneself body is make what matter of.His wife is more afraid to send him to arrive to take a shower in bathhouse, this joke is because of king of a new coronation but cause of.

King fore soon call a craftsman create a gold royal crown for him.The king gave craftsman he the gold of the amount for need.The handicraft of craftsman is very brilliant, make of royal crown choiceness interesting and novel, and weight heel at the beginning the gold give by king be similar and heavy.But, someone say toward the king:"Craftsman manufacturing royal crown, privately destroyed one part gold, same heavy silver Chan go in."King after listen to, also the doubt get up, seek Archimedes, his viewpoint measurement, Chan in the gold royal crown have no Chan silver, whether craftsman pocketted gold or not.This time, can Archimedes difficult live.He returned to a home bitterness to think a bitterness to think for a long time, also didn't figure out a way, everyday rice full, feel sleep not good, also don't take a shower, elephant write evil and similar.

One day, king parties person to urge him to make collective report into the temple.His wife see him too soiled, force him take a shower.He at the bathhouse take a shower of time, the brain inside still want to measure the hard nut to crack of royal crown.Suddenly, his attention arrive, be the his body sink in the bathtub of time, have a part water is from the bathtub side overflow.In the meantime, he feel to be deep more into water, his consider more light.Hence, he immediately jump a bathtub, forgot to wear clothes, run to in the street go of the crowd.Part run, part call:"I figured out to come, I figure out come, the way which solve royal crown find out!"

He enter after the imperial palace and say to the king:"Please allow me to do first an experiment, then can pair of result report give you."The approval of the king.Archimedes will with the royal crown similar and heavy gold, a cake of silver and royal crown, put one by one in water basin respectively, see water quantity that the gold bullion eject ratio silver piece the amount of water for eject be little, but the royal crown eject of water the quantity eject than the gold bullion of water quantity many.

Archimedes say to the king:"Royal crown Chan silver!"The king saw experiment and have no a lane understand, let Archimedes give explanation once.Archimedes say:"The wood of one kilogram with the iron of one kilogram comparison, the physical volume of wood be big.If put them into water respectively, the physical volume big wood eject of water quantity, eject than the physical volume small iron of water quantity many.I use this truth on the gold, silver and the royal crown.Because the density of gold be big, but the density of silver be small, so same heavy gold and silver, inevitable is the physical volume of silver big at the physical volume of gold.With same heavy gold bullion and silver piece put into water, so the gold bullion eject of water quantity ratio silver piece of the amount of water be little.The experiment that is just enunciation, the royal crown eject of water quantity ratio gold bullion many, elucidation royal crown of density ratio gold bullion of the density be small, this certificate the royal crown don't use pure gold manufacturing."Archimedes orderly relate and make king letter.Experiment result certificate, that craftsman pocketted gold.

Archimedes' this experiment is the embryo of "hydrostatics".But he don't stay around this up, continue the thorough research float the problem of body.Result detection natural science in of an importance principle-Archimedes' laws.Namely:Immerse object in a kind of liquid China Times, row open of liquid physical volume, equal an object a physical volume for dip into;The maintenance float the buoyancy of body, heel float a body row to open of the weight of the liquid equal.

A spectacular sight that is on the war history

213 B.C., the troops of Rome be lead by the Ma Er Kai road to pull a thou into the nation Xu of make Archimedes.At this time, year already 75-year-old Archimedes, also immediately spare no effort oneself of havings then can, help motherland, stroke enemy.

The Rome commander-in-chief Ma Er Kai road, continue to capture Xu to pull a thou of two city after, more extremely conceited arrogance.He think that as long as use prepare of five dayses time, can offend to sink the city that the national capital Xu pull a thou.But he exactly thoughted of, be because have an old man Archimedes of hair white of passion motherland, break his whole plan.

The be apart from now 2,190 year agos of fight, is be called by the historians:A spectacular sight that is on the war history!

The Ma Er Kai road lead tall ship, from aquatic take the offensive Xu to pull a thou.The soldier of one of his battleship material bow and arrow, sling and light Biao gun, pull Xu thou of the guarder rushed through city go to, then pass on the battleship of offend city machine, make the soldier blunt to pull into the Xu thou.But, Archimedes did full of preparation.When the enemy's fleet be close of time, Archimedes start those huge long ranges of his manufacturing to project machine.The long range project a machine ability pair of more than 200 kilograms of piece of stone, project more than 1,000 rices far.(equal to 18 centuries the artillery range of the big gun)These huge piece of stone, elephant hail ground the dozen is on the battleship, dozen the Ma Er Kai road fluster, the ship sink a soldier dead, one panic.The Ma Er Kai road have to in a great hurry withdraw the battleship for leave to walk.

The Ma Er Kai road again nighttime of decision take the offensive.He think Archimedes in nighttime see not far, etc. fleet arrive city bottom he those huge long ranges project machine to use not top.But, be the Ma Er Kai road take the offensive for nighttime of time, again poured big mildewed.The machine of the short artillery range of Archimedes started, these machines constantly threw a short Biao gun, piece of stone, make the another troops in Rome encounter heavy stroke, even the Ma Er Kai road also almost die.

The Ma Er Kai road is unwilling to give up to capture the scheme that the Xu pull a thou.He still keep pressing troops and forcing his engineers and continue to contest with Archimedes.The result is all bite on granite.Sometimes, Rome take to have blunt battleship of offend the city machine to go to Xu to pull thou of city bottom, defend city open a kind of the machine which hang "long mouth" to move, a cake of piece the rock drop down from the Qing in"long mouth", not but offend city machine dozen smash, and also hit one of battleships pulpy, make the soldier of Rome sink into place of doom.Sometimes return to let go of a kind of cleek from the city, this kind of cleek manipulate with the machine very vivid, the cleek ability hook the ship's bow of Rome naval vessel, then pull a naval vessel and make naval vessel to part turn over to pour, button up into Shui-li.

The Ma Er Kai road made to the utmost various take the offensive means, is all broken by Archimedes' invention.The Rome troops become timid as a mouse, on seeing stretch out a cordage from the over the wall, flee ignominiously to try very hard to escape, and yell:"Archimedes used a kind of machine again to teased us!"

The Ma Er Kai road end had no way, have to pull the city of the thou the Xu round and round to surround and wildly the diagram trap a town people dead.His this kind of way, make Archimedes also incapable is a dint.The Rome troops had been besieging for eight months, the end multiplied by Xu to pull the ancients to spend joyfully festival, but the Shu go in from a deserted city gate sneak attack at the opportunity for guard against and just pull Xu thou offend to sink.

When the Rome troops be blunt to go into the city of time, the Ma Er Kai road once issued order and don't kill this great of physicist.But that time, Archimedes just at his laboratory inside painting his sketch.After soldier is blunt to enter, the feet stepped a voice to trouble him.This kind of trouble, make him surprised to wake up and indignantly shout a way:"Feed!You broke my picture and hurry up to leave!"Result, his excited and bitter provocation soldier in the Rome, Archimedes then die in knife bottom.

Although great physicist Archimedes died in an accident, , he does to the mankind on science of contribute, can't estimate!
二千一百九十年前，在古希腊西西里岛的叙拉古国，出现一位伟大的物理学家。他叫阿基米德（公元前287——212年）。阿基米德的一生勤奋好学，专心一志地献身于科学，忠于祖国，受到人们的尊敬与赞扬。阿基米德曾发现杠杆定律和以他的名字命名的阿基米德定律。并利用这些定律设计了多种机械，为人民、为祖国服务。关于他生平的详细情况，已无法考证。但关于他发明创造和保卫祖国的故事，却流传至今。

杠杆定律的确立

人们从远古时代起就会使用杠杆，并且懂得巧妙地运用杠杆。在埃及造金字塔的时候，奴隶们就利用杠杆把沉重的石块往上撬。 造船工人用杠杆在船上架设桅杆。人们用汲水吊杆从井里取水，等等。但是，杠杆为什么能做到这一点呢？在阿基米德发现杠杆定律之前，是没有人能够解释的。当时，有的哲学家在谈到这个问题的时候，一口咬定说，这是“魔性”。阿基米德却不承认是什么“魔性”。他懂得，自然界里的种种现象，总有自然的原因来解释。杠杆作用也有它自然的原因，他决心把它解释出来。阿基米德经过反复地观察、实验和计算，终于确立了杠杆的平衡定律。就是，“力臂和力（重量）成反比例。”换句话说，就是：小重量是大重量的多少分之一重，长力臂就应当是短力臂的多少倍长。阿基米德确立了杠杆定律后，就推断说，只要能够取得适当的杠杆长度，任何重量都可以用很小的力量举起来。据说他曾经说过这样的豪言壮语：

“给我一个支点、我就能举起地球！”

叙拉古国王听说后，对阿基米德说：“凭着宙斯（宙斯是希腊神话中的众神之王，主管天、雷、电和雨）起誓，你说的事真是稀奇古怪，阿基米德！”阿基米德向国王解释了杠杆的特性以后，国王说：“到哪里去找一个支点，把地球举起来呢？”

“这样的支点是没有的。”阿基米德回答说。

“那么，要叫人相信力学的神力就不可能了？” 国王说。

“不，不，你误会了，陛下，我能够给你举出别的例子。”阿基米德说。

国王说：“你太吹牛了！你且替我推动一样重的东西，看你讲的话怎样。”当时国王正有一个困难的问题，就是他替埃及王造了一艘很大的船。船造好后，动员了叙拉古全城的人，也没法把它推下水。阿基米德说：“好吧，我替你来推这一只船吧。”

阿基米德离开国王后，就利用杠杆和滑轮的子理，设计、制造了一套巧妙的机械。把一切都准备好后，阿基米德请国王来观看大船下水。他把一根粗绳的末端交给国王，让国王轻轻拉一下。顿时，那艘大船慢慢移动起来，顺利地滑下了水里，国王和大臣们看到 这样的奇迹，好象看耍魔术一样，惊奇不已！于是，国王信服了阿基米德，并向全国发出布告：“从此以后，无论阿基米德讲什么，都要相信他……”

称量皇冠的难题

在一般人看来，阿基米德是个“怪人”。用罗马历史学家普鲁塔克的话说：“他象是一个中了邪术的人，对于饭食和自己的身体全不关心。”有时候，饭摆在桌子上叫他吃饭，他好象没听见，仍旧在火盆的灰里画他的几何图形。他的妻子，要时时看守他。譬如他用油擦身的时候，便呆坐着用油在自己身上画图案，而忘记原来是作什么事的了。他的妻子更怕送他到浴堂里去洗澡，这个笑话是因为国王的一个新冠冕而引起的。

国王在前不久，叫一个工匠替他打造一顶金皇冠。国王给了工匠他所需要的数量的黄金。工匠的手艺非常高明，制做的皇冠精巧别致，而且重量跟当初国王所给的黄金一样重。可是，有人向国王报告说：“工匠制造皇冠时，私下吞没了一部分黄金，把同样重的银子掺了进去。”国王听后，也怀疑起来，就把阿基米德找来，要他想法测定，金皇冠里掺没掺银子，工匠是否私吞黄金了。这次，可把阿基米德难住了。他回到家里苦思苦想了好久，也没有想出办法，每天饭吃不下，觉睡不好，也不洗澡，象着了魔一样。

有一天，国王派人来催他进宫汇报。他妻子看他太脏了，就逼他去洗澡。他在澡堂洗澡的时候，脑子里还想着称量皇冠的难题。突然，他注意到，当他的身体在浴盆里沉下去的时候，就有一部分水从浴盆边溢出来。同时，他觉得入水愈深，则他的体量愈轻。于是，他立刻跳出浴盆，忘了穿衣服，就跑到人群的街上去了。一边跑，一边叫：“我想出来了，我想出来了，解决皇冠的办法找到啦！”

他进皇宫后，对国王说：“请允许我先做一个实验，才能把结果报告给你。”国王同意了。阿基米德将与皇冠一样重的金子、一块银子和皇冠，分别一一放在水盆里，看金块排出的水量比银块排出的水量少，而皇冠排出的水量比金块排出的水量多。

阿基米德对国王说：“皇冠掺了银子！”国王看了实验，没有弄明白，让阿基米德给解释一下。阿基米德说：“一公斤的木头和一公斤的铁比较，木头的体积大。如果分别把它们放入水中，体积大的木头排出的水量，比体积小的铁排出的水量多。我把这个道理用在金子、银子和皇冠上。因为金子的密度大，而银子的密度小，因此同样重的金子和银子，必然是银子的体积大于金子的体积。所 以同样重的金块和银块放入水中，那么金块排出的水量就比银块的水量少。刚才的实验表明，皇冠排出的水量比金块多，说明皇冠的密度比金块的密度小，这就证明皇冠不是用纯金制造的。”阿基米德有条理的讲述，使国王信服了。实验结果证明，那个工匠私吞了黄金。

阿基米德的这个实验，就是“静水力学”的胚胎。但他并不停留在这一点上，继续深入研究浮体的问题。结果发现了自然科学中的一个重要原理——阿基米德定律。即：把物体浸在一种液体中时，所排开的液体体积，等于物体所浸入的体积；维持浮体的浮力， 跟浮体所排开的液体的重量相等。

战争史上的一个奇观

公元前213年，罗马的军队由玛尔凯路率领进犯阿基米德的国家叙拉古。这时，年已七十五岁的阿基米德，也立刻竭尽自己的所有才能，帮助祖国，打击敌人。

罗马统帅玛尔凯路，接连攻下叙拉古的两座城后，更加狂妄自大。他认为，只要用五天的准备时间，就可以攻陷国都叙拉古城。但他恰恰没有想到，就是因为有一位热爱祖国的白发苍苍的老人阿基米德，就把他的一切计划打破了。

这场距今二千一百九十年前的战斗，被历史学家们称为：战争史上的一个奇观！

玛尔凯路率领着船队，从水上进攻叙拉古。他的每只战舰上的士兵都装备着弓箭、投石器和轻镖枪，要把叙拉古的守卫者赶下城去，然后通过架在战舰上的攻城机，让士兵冲进叙拉古。可是，阿基米德做了充分的准备。当敌人的舰队接近的时候，阿基米德就开动他制造的那些巨大的远程投射机器。远程投射机器能把二百多公斤的石块，投射一千多米远（相当于18世纪大炮的射程）。这些巨大的石块，象冰雹似地打在战舰上，打得玛尔凯路手忙脚乱，船沉兵死，一片惊慌。玛尔凯路只得急急忙忙把剩下的战舰撤走。

玛尔凯路又决定夜间进攻。他以为夜间阿基米德看不远，等舰队到了城下他那些巨大的远程投射机器就用不上了。可是，当玛尔凯路夜间进攻的时候，又倒了大霉。阿基米德短射程的机器开动了，这些机器不断地投掷出短镖枪、石块，使罗马军队又一次遭到沉重打击，连玛尔凯路也差一点丧命。

玛尔凯路不甘心放弃占领叙拉古的企图。他还是催促军队和强迫他的工程师们，继续同阿基米德较量。结果，都是徒劳。有时，罗马把带有攻城机的战舰冲到叙拉古的城下，守城者就把一种挂着“长嘴”的机器开动起来，一块块石头从“长嘴”里倾落下来，不 但把攻城机打得粉碎，而且也把战舰砸个稀烂，使罗马的士兵陷入绝境。有时，还从城上放下一种铁钩，这种铁钩用机器操纵着十分灵活，铁钩能钩住罗马兵船的船头，然后把兵船拉起来，使兵船向一边翻倒，扣进水里。

玛尔凯路使尽了各种进攻手段，都被阿基米德的发明打破了。罗马军队变得胆小如鼠，一看见从墙头上伸出条绳子，就抱头鼠窜拼命逃跑，并叫喊着：“阿基米德又使出一种机器来作弄我们了！”

玛尔凯路最后没有办法了，只得把叙拉古城团团围住，妄图把城里的人困死。他的这种办法，使得阿基米德也无能为力了。罗马 军队一直围困了八个月，最后乘叙拉古人欢度节日，而疏于防范的机会，从一个冷僻的城门偷袭进去，才把叙拉古攻陷。

当罗马军队冲进城的时候，玛尔凯路曾下令不要杀害这位伟大的物理学家。可是那时，阿基米德正在他的实验室里画他的图形。士兵冲进后，脚踏声惊扰了他。这种惊扰，使他惊醒过来，愤怒地喊道：“喂！你弄坏了我的图画，赶快跑开些！”结果，他的愤慨激怒了罗马士兵，阿基米德便死于刀下。

伟大的物理学家阿基米德虽然遇难了，但是，他在科学上给人类做出的贡献，是无法估量的！

❿ 英语朗读短文阿基米德和金王冠

叙古拉国王艾希罗交给金匠一块黄金，让他做一顶王冠。王冠做成后，国王拿在手里觉得有点轻。他怀疑金匠掺了假，可是金匠以脑袋担保说没有，并当面拿秤来称，结果与原来的金块一样重。国王还是有些怀疑，可他又拿不出证据，于是把阿基米德叫来，要他来解决这个难题。

回家后，阿基米德闭门谢客，冥思苦想，但百思不得其解。

一天，他的夫人逼他洗澡。当他跳入池中时，水从池中溢了出来。阿基米德听到那哗哗哗的流水声，灵感一下子冒了出来。他从池中跳出来，连衣服都没穿，就冲到街上，高喊着："优勒加！优勒加！（意为发现了）"。夫人这回可真着急了，嘴里嘟囔着"真疯了，真疯了"，便随后追了出去。街上的人不知发生了什么事，也都跟在后面追着看。

原来，阿基米德由澡盆溢水找到了解决王冠问题的办法：相同质量的相同物质泡在水里，溢出的水的体积应该相同。如果把王冠放到水了，溢出的水的体积应该与相同质量的金块的体积相同，否则王冠里肯定掺有假。

阿基为德跑到王宫后立即找来一盆水，又找来同样重量的一块黄金，一块白银，分两次泡进盆里，白银溢出的水比黄金溢出的几乎要多一倍，然后他又把王冠和金块分别泡进水盆里，王冠溢出的水比金块多，显然王冠的质量不等于金块的质量，王冠里肯定掺了假。在铁的事实面前，金匠不得不低头承认，王冠里确实掺了白银。烦人的王冠之谜终于解开了。