Ⅰ 求新编英语听力教程2 3 4原文及答案
Part 1 listening one
Ever
wish you could do magic tricks, or introce yourself as“magician” at a
party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’really
happening, it's time for you to show one of your new tricks. Here, you
can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much
practice.
A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:
Put
the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask
several peopleo put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the
coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of
thehandkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand.
The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin
knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!
A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:
Tell
your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to
other people. Write on the piece of paper the w6od Don't 1et your
friends see what you
have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to
concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!"
And you say, "Quite correct! I wrOte on the paper!"
A trick with an egg and some salt:
Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it.
Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get
ready to balance your egg!"
When
you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg
at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in
your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the
table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains
of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.
Questions:
1、What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick
2. What happens to the coin?
3. How does the magician prove that he can communicate his thoughts to the
audience in the second trick?
4. What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?
5. What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?
Keys: 1.B2.C 3.C 4.A 5. D
理解英文题的技巧:
1、细节题解题技巧
细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。
(1)、关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题,如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出数字,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展,或条纲性关键字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
(2)、 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致,但属于同义性质,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐个弯。
2、推理题解题技巧
推断题定义:在理解原文字面意思的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
Ⅱ 新编英语听力教程2 listen&learn 何其莘主编 听力原文及答案
楼下的评论真的是醉了… 只是因为老师只报答案单词确实不知道怎么写才来网络上问的 一上来就批判人家不好好读书这样的固定思维真的好吗?
Ⅲ 跪求 新编大学英语4 浙版 课文原文 只要正文原文就可 不要课后阅读的,谢谢!!!
先说一下,这是翻译器翻译的,语句不通顺的地方,意思改通顺了就可以
有趣的幽默有趣吗?
唐纳德·M·霍夫曼
1在一个有趣的故事中,笑的乐趣是普遍的,可能和语言本身一样古老。但是,是什么使一个故事或一个笑话有趣吗?
2自从我第一次意识到幽默的人喜欢幽默,我就尝试在拉丁美国和中国这样的多元文化中解释和讨论幽默。我对有趣的故事做了一些认真的思考。它一直是爱的劳动!
3当我讲了个笑话之后,一个班里有几个学生会从椅子上摔下来,而其余的学生看起来好像我刚看了天气预报吗?显然,有些人比别人更敏感。而且,我们认识到,有些人讲笑话很好,而其他人却很难说出一些有趣的东西。大家都听人说,“我喜欢开玩笑,但我不能很好地讲出来,我也永远不会记住他们”,有些人比其他人有更好的幽默感,就像有些人有更多的音乐才能,数学天才等。一个真正有趣的人有一个笑话,每一次,当一个人被告知,这会触发一整个字符串的笑话,从该人的记忆银行。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的。这是合理的说,真正的幽默的人不仅是很喜欢,但往往是关注的焦点在任何聚集。
4甚至有些动物有幽默感。我妻子的母亲经常拜访我们,为了延长停留时间。通常她不喜欢狗,但是她爱上了闪电女实验室我们,和的关系是相互的。即使年轻,闪电会取笑奶奶很有选择性的携带自己的卧室拖鞋走进客厅,奶奶坐在她最喜欢的,舒适的椅子。闪电环绕的只是超越奶奶到奶奶很想让她把椅子从闪电把拖鞋。当奶奶离开她的椅子,闪电会迅速跳到椅子上,闪烁着她实验室的微笑闪亮的棕色眼睛,清晰地说,“啊哈,你又上了我的当。
5个典型的笑话或幽默的故事有一三个部分的解剖,很容易辨认。首先是设置(或设置),下一个是身体(或故事线),而这些都是按一拳行(一个意想不到的或令人惊讶的结尾),这将使笑话有趣,如果它包含一些幽默。通常所有的三个部分都存在,并且每一个都必须清楚地呈现。故事或笑话讲的人用手势和语言来帮助观众,这有助于。
6幽默,作为一种娱乐形式,可以分析,以便发现什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话似乎有趣。这里,例如,一些最常见的幽默类型。他们从最明显的幽默到更微妙的类型。
7“滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它的语言是简单的,直接的,并经常使其他人或团体的乐趣。一记耳光棒,是站起来的喜剧演员和小丑的技巧。它呼吁所有年龄和所有文化。本世纪,几乎每一个讲英语的喜剧演员都用一种形式或另一种形式的笑话。一个人问另一个,“我昨晚看见你的那位女士是谁?”另一个回答说:“那是没有女人,这是我的妻子,”幽默的事实是,另一个男人说他的妻子不是一个女人。换句话说,她不是一个精致的女人。笑话不那么有趣,因为它是如此经常使用。观众事先知道什么会被说,因为它是经典的幽默,和任何观众的价值观,因为它的熟悉。
8中国“相声”是一种特殊类型的相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚,家庭问题,或其他个人的话题。在任何地方,从小乡村到北京最大的剧院,广播和电视都可以听到。这显然是中国人所理解的一种传统的幽默形式。
9一个单词的游戏不是很明显的作为一个巴掌棒,但它是有趣的,因为误用或误解的语言。我最喜欢的例子是三位老人坐火车在英国旅行的故事。当火车减速停止第一个人问,“这是温布利球场?”“不,”第二,“这是星期四。”“我说,”第三个人说。让我们为一个啤酒停止。“我们知道,老年人往往不清楚听到的东西,所以星期三的误解(温布利)又渴(星期四)进行的第三人的妙语不错的设置。
10中国著名漫画家和幽默家丁聪是一个文字游戏大师。在他的一幅有趣的漫画中,一位老师说:“你怎么完全抄袭别人的作业?”年轻学生回答道:“我没有完全复制它。我的名字在这一页上是不同的。“在另一个经典的丁,一个愤怒的父亲问,“告诉我,什么是一加二?”儿子说:“我不知道,”这个不耐烦的父亲接着说:“你,你妈妈,我一共多少,你这个白痴?”儿子骄傲地回答,“三个傻瓜”。这些故事无论是漫画,笑话的滑稽喜剧演员,或一个相声队,他们吸引的人都是有趣的故事,因为他们有一个注意的现实,和意想不到的妙语十分有趣。
11双关语是一种更微妙的文字游戏。他们使用的是同一个词的相似的发音词或其他含义的技术。有些批评家认为双关语是幽默的最低形式,但我不同意。双关语需要更加微妙和复杂的语言技能比其他形式的幽默,但即使很小的孩子也能利用的简单形式。例如,“谜语”或“把戏”的问题往往使用一个双关语的设置,故事线,或者,更经常,打孔线。双关语是第一种类型的幽默我学到的,和在5岁左右,我记得听到下面的谜语。一个人问:“什么是黑,白,红的都是?”其他人通常无法解答这个谜语,所以说:“我放弃了。答案是什么?”的人回答,“报纸”。这是显而易见的答案如果你知道“红”的发音是一样的“读”英语,但含义显然是不同的。
12 double-entendres(法语的双重含义)是其中的词或短语有双重含义双关语的特殊形式。这两者的含义是非常不同的,一个是相当恰当的,而二是经常的,但不总是,庸俗。我喜欢有点轻微的故事,一位学校老师和一位高中校长,因为一些男孩和女孩在学校操场上接吻。老师对学生们说:“校长和我决定停止在学校操场上接吻。”听到一些笑声,她感觉到她的信息不完全清楚,所以她补充道,“我的意思是说,在我们的鼻子底下不会有更多的接吻。”。这一澄清,当然,并没有纠正的第一个语句和开玩笑的双重含义变得更加可笑。
13一些幽默大师认为今天太多的幽默是不是很聪明的或复杂的。他们不喜欢的暗示或粗俗的语言使用太频繁,他们觉得最幽默家是不是很有创意。这是真实的,一些今天的幽默是相当令人震惊的,但我不认为幽默是要归咎于。幽默是有活力的,它会坚持下去,因为有有趣的事情每天都发生。一些幽默的人看到和听到这些有趣的事情,并能够使他们变成有趣,有趣的笑话和故事。
致命的吸引力
1英国谋杀之谜的“女王”,毫无疑问,克里斯蒂阿加莎。虽然作者本人在20年前就去世了,她的78部侦探小说还是非常畅销。他们已经被翻译成超过一百种语言,他们已售出超过二十亿份。
2克里斯蒂阿加莎的书,无论是在英国和国外的吸引力,是不难理解。每一本书都是巧妙的构造。她使用的是容易辨认的,她几乎像时钟一样的人物情节的发展。但最重要的是,她所有的故事为读者们设下了一个谜。
3克里斯蒂的作品几乎都是从一个谋杀案,迫使读者问,“是谁干的?”,所有的一切都结束了一个解决方案。读者的乐趣是隐藏在故事的线索,并试图达到正确的解决方案之前,作者揭示了它。这一公式吸引了人类本能的好奇心,它的人气没有消失的迹象。
4许多的奥秘是由一个克里斯蒂的定期调查解决,如非常自信的比利时侦探波洛,,或看起来无害的小老太太,马普尔小姐。她还为自己的故事创造了一个特别的故事,这一点像她所熟悉的角色。这是英国的两场世界大战之间的紧密联系的社区居住在安静的村庄或富裕的城市民间聚集在大国家的房子的周末。
5这个世界被一个严格的社会等级所统治。该国的业主,可能是贵族的成员,是在顶部,然后有专业类:医生,律师和商人。最底层的是普通人,他们通常在书中出现,如仆人,厨师和园丁。当一个谋杀案被犯下的时候,就不需要被调查。
6克里斯蒂阿加莎的世界不是一个真实的世界,这就是为什么她的书没有过时的原因之一。这是一个安全和可预测到一个谋杀案打乱了人们的生活世界。必须解决的犯罪,使凶手可以被逮捕,但也,使平静可以恢复。
7克里斯蒂阿加莎的一生中,英国有谋杀罪的死刑。因此,一旦她的书中的罪行被解决,凶手认定,这就是他或她的终结。没有松散的结束,读者可以在他或她的床上安静地睡觉。
8在现实世界中,当然,事情不会发生这样的。犯罪分子逍遥法外,人们被错误定罪有冤假错案。总之,现实世界是不是一个安全的地方。正是因为这样的原因,许多读者都喜欢用一种安全和可预测的结局将他们的头埋在一个老式的侦探小说里。
9种侦探小说阿加莎克里斯蒂写的当然是老式的。几乎没有当代犯罪作家创作这类书籍。现代的侦探小说更是道德上和心理上的复杂,经常在“谁干的?”,另一个问题:“犯罪动机小说?”现代作家更感兴趣的是理解罪犯的思想,让一个人去杀人。他们探索了一个比克里斯蒂阿加莎想象的更黑暗的犯罪世界。而不是被安慰,大多数当代犯罪小说使读者感到不安。
10但英国对美国人所谓的“舒适”的犯罪小说的喜爱却没有死。谋杀仍然被认为是娱乐和电视节目是充满了侦探剧,结束与一个杀人犯,在被逮捕。
11的另一个迹象是如何流行的推理小说已经成为“谋杀之谜的周末”,酒店提供的。客人把那些经典侦探小说中的嫌疑人和周末试图找出其中谁是“凶手”。或有谋杀的宴会,在哪一组的朋友们聚在一起解决犯罪的晚餐,使用专门准备的信息,他们的性格和他们的下落。如果你的吃饭不被谋杀,有一系列的流行牌游戏和电脑游戏来测试你的检测能力。
12但对一些人来说,它可以成为一种痴迷。仍有信件寄到“贝克街221B,伦敦”,福尔摩斯的家里,也许是所有小说里最有名的侦探,要求他帮忙解决各种各样的谜案。如此多的信件到达大侦探,现在占据了这个地址雇用某人的特殊工作回答他们。
13只要人类还有好奇心,那么毫无疑问的侦探小说,以各种不同的形式,将继续发挥其致命的吸引力。
哇,我愿意这样做吗
1我16岁时就开始对自己的兴趣。我看了一个电视广告,这两家人开始在一个杂技图案中来回折腾罐头冷冻的橘子汁。
2哇,我愿意这样做吗!我想象自己在鼓掌观众面前表演。
3胖的机会。如果我知道怎么办,我很害怕站在观众面前的死亡。但后来发生了一个奇怪的巧合,这让你觉得这是一个祈祷的答案,甚至当你还没有真正祈祷。几天后,我的哥哥,杰夫,和我拜访了一些朋友当一个和我同岁的男孩说,“嗨,你应该看看我的弟弟学会了做。”他带我到他哥哥的房间,那里的大男孩正在教杰夫怎么耍高尔夫球。
4我说:“我也想学。
5在没有时间我被钩。虽然我一开始就扔了很多球,但我还是很惊讶地发现,我是多么容易被抓住。首先,我把一个球从一只手扔到另一只手上。然后我试了两只球,一只手,让他们在空中。
6我终于准备好三个球了。模式很简单:我在我的右手里拿着两只高尔夫球,一个在左边。把球从我的右手中抛向空中,我一直等到它的顶端。然后我把球抛向我的左手,让两只球互相传递。在那之前,我把我的右手里的球传了出来,然后才有一个球落下。我把球抛下,来回地来回地。当我掉了一个,我开始。到了晚上我会在抛球让10把。
7这是一个挑战,我必须完美这个技能。第二天我得到了三个网球练习,车库直到我能在掉球使20把。我用复仇的心。我想和那些家伙一样好。
8当我变得更好时,我开始增加一些技巧,把球抛下,这样,一个越过别人的顶部,或在其他人,或我弹了一个从我的头或肘部,并仍然保持了模式去。
9有趣的事情是,我以为我在做那些把戏。但有一天在图书馆我发现了一本书,并有所有的技巧,我正在做的!三个球的基本模式是一个级联,在一个圆圈内抛撒球是一个淋浴,并投掷一个球的顶部是一个半淋浴。
10我买了一套玩一套的球杆,我爸妈给我买了一套一套一套的一套。我为我的家人和几个朋友表演,但我从来没有想过自己是一个演员。娱乐意味着在观众面前站起来。不可能我不能那样做。
11,那么五年后,我21岁的时候,我母亲把我叫到一边,在圣诞节期间的一天说,“丹,你想怎么做今年的救世军的晚餐?”在过去的两年里,妈妈和她的老板在年度宴会上帮助了他。
12“还有其他的娱乐方式,”她赶紧补充道。所有你需要做的是站在礼堂的一侧,在吃晚饭的时候。”
圣诞节前13天,当人们走进礼堂,我在一个小舞台上,在大厅的一边。我很紧张,但不知怎的紧张给了我勇气。我开始做我的把戏,包括一个我最近掌握的:在我背后玩。然后我在俱乐部,和最后一个保龄球和两个小球。孩子们挤在舞台上,笑着。人们鼓掌。
14我突然觉得我从未体验过的兴奋。我为观众表演,他们喜欢它!
15在家里我一直在练习。我开始玩弄雪茄盒,刀和火把。当一个叔叔给了我他的独轮车,我学会了骑车和篡改的同时。
16我开始想成为一个专业。我知道我必须做的不仅仅是花样,我还得说,开玩笑等。这就是书所说的。所以我祈祷。当我下在在我家前面,我加了一些笑话。我希望我的家人能帮助我在公共场合做同样的事情。
17我的机会很快就来了。要我耍火把一个波利尼西亚主题的时装秀。我光着脚,赤裸的上身,穿着傻乎乎的短裤,脸上画着黑色条纹。当我准备继续,我被交给了一个公告列表。“当你完成你的行为,请读这些,”仪式的女主人说。太晚了,太晚了。
18是我曾经紧张!我把火把掉了三次!但是我不想让观众知道我有多紧张,我试着让自己的错误看起来像是行为的一部分。我跳舞,在火把的疯狂,使丛林里的声音,直到我可以把它们捡起来继续我的杂耍。人们鼓掌。他们喜欢我的行为。我通过阅读公告。
19下个月我接到了一个来自当地小学校长的电话。一位老演员曾请病假。我可以填吗?还包括一个信息吗?”当然,“我说。
20三个星期后,我就站在一对夫妇的孩子面前。用我的一个例子,我开始我的信息。当我开始耍,我让小球。我把他们捡起来,然后又把他们扔了。
21我说:“这就是当你开始的时候。但是,随着节目的进展,我开始做更多的花样,杂耍,骑独轮车,躺在我的背上,回到了我的脚,不失一球。
四零五22分钟后,我结束了对孩子们的最后一句话的表现:“如果你想成功,在玩弄或其他任何东西,你必须继续努力。你可以做到。只是永远不会放弃。”
一个音符的力量
1在我的第一份工作作为体育编辑,蒙彼利埃州(俄亥俄州)的领导企业,我没有得到大量的粉丝邮件,所以我很感兴趣的一封信,被扔在我的桌子上一天早晨。
2当我打开它,我读:“一个很好的一篇写在老虎。保持良好的工作,“这是由沃尔夫,体育编辑签署。因为我是一个十几岁的人(被支付了15美分一列的大总),他的话不能更令人鼓舞。11把信放在我的书桌抽屉里直到它被翻旧了。每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时,我会重温别注和重拾信心。
3后来,当我认识他时,我学会了一个习惯,写一个快速,令人鼓舞的话,在各行各业的人。当我让别人感觉自己很好的时候,他对我说,“我也感觉很好。”
4毫不奇怪,他有一个像附近的伊利湖一样大的朋友。当他去年75岁去世时,这封信的人是受了他的精神提升的人的电话和信件淹没了。
5多年来,我试着模仿唐和其他朋友的例子,他们有足够的时间写上令人振奋的评论,因为我认为他们是重要的。在一个世界上,往往寒冷和反应迟钝,这样的笔记带来温暖和安慰。我们都需要一个提高的时间,和一些线的赞美已被称为转一天,甚至一个生活。
6为什么,那么,有那么几个乐观的音符作家?我的猜测是,许多害羞的做法是太自我意识。他们害怕他们会被误解,声音感伤或虚伪。此外,写作需要时间,这是更容易拿起电话。
7电话的缺点,当然是,他们不会持续。一张字条更加重视我们的愿望。这是一个记录,和我们的话可以多读几遍,细细品味并珍藏。
8即使记笔记可能需要更长的时间,一些非常忙碌的人,包括乔治。有人说,他把他的成功归功于他曾经准备好的笔。如何?在他的职业生涯中,他几乎每一次都接触到一个亲切的回应,一句赞美,一句赞美或是感谢。他的笔记不仅对朋友和同事,而且对随便的熟人和陌生人都喜欢,如惊讶的人谁得到了温暖的轻拍在背后的贷款的贷款。
9甚至是最高层的公司管理者,他们大多是受领导风格的影响,其特点是强硬、冷漠和冷漠,他们开始学习这一课,并能获得好处,使人们得到提升。前福特董事长彼得森-唐纳德,谁在很大程度上归功于在上世纪80年代把公司转为一个练习,每天写一个积极的信息。”我只是写在便笺或信的角落,通过他们,“他说。”你一天中最重要的十分钟就是那些你花在为你工作的人做些什么来推动你的工作。
10他说:“我们真正喜欢的人不知道我们对他们的感受。我们常常想,我没有说什么,关键,为什么我要说一些积极的?我们忘了,人类需要积极的加强,事实上,我们在它的蓬勃发展!
11写些什么来写上一封信,提起精神和温暖的心灵?只有愿意表达我们的谢意。最成功的实践者包括我所说的四个“笔记”的笔记。
1 12)他们是真诚的。没有人想要虚假的赞美。
2 13)他们通常是短的。如果你不能说出你想说的三句话,你可能会紧张
3 14)他们是具体的。赞扬一位业务伙伴告诉他“好”讲话太模糊了;“关于沃伦•巴菲特的投资策略”伟大的故事是精确的。
4 15)他们是自发的。这给了他们在读者心中挥之不去的新鲜和热情。
16当你要寻找信件写作材料时,很难是自发的,所以我会在手上放上纸、信封和邮票,即使是我的旅行。花哨的文具是没有必要的,这是认为,计数。
17那么,谁在你身边,你应该得到一个感谢或赞同的说明?一个邻居,你的图书馆员,亲戚,你的市长,你的伴侣,一位老师,你的医生?你不需要有诗意。如果你需要一个理由,寻找一个里程碑,一个特殊的事件,你的生日,或一个生日或假日。举例来说,在过去的25年里,我已经准备了一份年度圣诞老人的信,我经常给你加一个手写的感谢信。承认在这一年中发生的一些成功或好运似乎特别恰当,考虑到圣诞季节的精神。
18你要赞美你的话。最喜欢的“伟大”,“最聪明”,“漂亮的”让我们都感觉很好。即使你的赞美是一点点超前的现实,记住,期望是父母的梦想实现。
19今天我有一种温暖的,免费的信,我以前的老板和导师,诺尔曼Vincent Peale。他对我的小纸条充满了令人振奋的短语,它把我送到我的打字机前,写下我自己的几封信。我不知道他们会不会让别人的一天,但他们让我的。正如我的朋友沃尔夫说的,让别人感觉良好,让我感觉很好。
Ⅳ 高分求新编大学英语 第4册 视听说教程原文和答案
Text
Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers to question like these in the following essay.
WHY PEOPLE WORK
Leonard R. Sayles
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness sand contentment. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the indivial's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.
Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" instry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside.
And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the "What do I do with myself?" question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many indivials deteriorate rapidly when jobless.
But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.
Pride in Accomplishment
The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.
It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the proct of his personal skill.
But even where there is no obvious end proct that is solely attributable to one person's skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the houskeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people -- and thus accomplishing good deal.
We're often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their won capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality. Complaining is just part of working After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control you limbs ad hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.
Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.
Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.
But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place "out in the world," with an through other people.
Esprit de corps
Perhasps an example will make the point:
I remember viewing a half dozen me in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. While there were ten or twelve of these "teams" that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good. They would work spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break -- to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.
When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.
One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike may other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the "rough edges" are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.
Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is though of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.
New Words
contentment
n. happiness; satisfaction 满足
civilization
n. 文明
intangible
a. that can not be touched or grasped 触摸不到的
crucial
a. decisive; critical 决定性的,关键的
pschological
a. of the soul or mind 心理的
historically
ad. in the course of history, in accordance with or in respect to history
associate
vt. connect or bring together in one's mind 联想
slavery
n. the system of having slaves; the condition of being a slave 奴隶制度;奴隶身份
sin
n. behavior that is against the principles of morality; an immoral act 罪孽
punishment
n. punishing or being punished 惩罚
complaint
n. complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction 抱怨
behavioral
a. of or having to do with behavior 行为的
contribution
n. act of contributing; sth. contributed
necessity
n. sth. that is necessary; the condition of being necessary, needed or unavoidable 必需品;必要性
focus
n. the central point; centre of interest 焦点
creativity
n. the ability to proce new and orignal ideas and things; inventiveness创造性
clinic
n. building or part of a hospital where doctors give specialized medical treatment and advice; a medical institution for special purposes 诊所
heal
v. (cause to) become healthy 治愈,愈合,痊愈
depressed
a. sad; low in spirits 精神抑郁的,情绪沮丧的
depress
vt. make sad, low in spirits
renew
vt. reestablish; give new life and freshness to 使更新
gainfully
ad. profitably
acute
a. severe; strong 严重的,急性的
symptom
a. a change in the body's condition that indicates illness 症状
institution
n. a society, club, college or any organization established for some public or social purpose 公共机构
workshop
n. a room of building which contains tools or machinery for making or repairing things 车间,工场
wherein
conj. in which
exert
vt. use(strength, skill, etc.) 尽力
reverse
n. the opposite; the other way round, the back 相反,背面
absence
n. non-existence; lack
retirement
n. instance of retiring or being retired; condition of being retired 退休
financial
a. relating to money 财政的;金融的
weekend
n. Saturday and Sunday, esp. when considered as a holiday from work
fend
vi. provide(for) 供养;照料
unemployment
n. the state of being unemployed
significant
a. of noticeable importance or effect 重大的
significance n.
satisfaction
n. be state of being satisfied 满足
satisfactory a.
accomplished
a. skilled, expert 有才艺的;有造诣的
tribute
n. material evidence of one's worth, virtue, etc.
inherent
a. existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 内在的,生来的
craftsman
n. a highly skilled workman 手艺人,(名)工匠
bicklayer
n. a workman who builds with bricks
attributable
a. that can be attributed 可归因于……的
attribute
vt. 把……归因为
housekeeping
n. management of a home and its affairs 家政
staff
n. the group of workers who carry on a job (全体)员工
capacity
n. ability, power; the amount that sth. can hold or proce 能力;容量
tough
a. difficult to do or deal with 艰巨的
unique
n. being the only one of its type 独特的
limb
n. the leg, arm. or wing of an animal 肢,翼
opposite
n. a person or thing that is entirely different from another 对立面,对立物
countless
a. very many; too many to be counted
broker
n. person who buys and sells for others 经纪人,掮客
stock broker
n. a person who buys and sells stocks and bonds for other for a commission 证券经纪人
representative
n. a person acting in place of one or more others 代表
interact
vi. act on each other 相互作用
persistence
n. the act or fact of keeping on doing sth in spite of difficulty or opposition 坚持
persist vi.
distinctive
a. clearly marking a person or thing as different from other 特殊的;与众不同的
mightily
ad. with power and strength; greatly
esprit de corps
n. (French) spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of a group or society 团体精神,集体荣誉感
coordination
n. harmonious adjustment or working together 协调
coordinate vt.
lightning
闪电
bystander
n. a person standing near but not taking part in an event or activity; onlooker 旁观者
superbly
ad. magnificently; first class
aspect
n. one side or view of a subject 方面
relationship
n. a friendship between people; connection 关系
disclose
make known; show by uncovering 揭示
sporadic
a. occurring now and then; occasional 零星发生的,偶尔的
collectivity
n. people collectively, especially as forming a community or state 集体
collective a.
status
n. (high) social or professional position 地位,身份
envy
vt. feel admiration or ill-will toward (sb.) because he has the good fortune one wishes to have 羡慕;妒忌
winner
n. one that wins or seems destined to win or be successful
prestigious
a. having respect that results from the good reputation (of a person, nation, etc.)有声望的
bask
vi. sit or lie in enjoyable warmth and light (舒适地) 取暖,享受
reflect
vt. throw back (light, heat, sound or image) 反射;反映
assert
vt. demonstrate the existence of; declare forcefully 宣称,断言
membership
n. the state of being a member, of a club, society, etc. all the members of a club, society, etc.
Phrases & Expressions
associate with
connect with (often mentally) 把…与…联系在一起
rather than
instead of
fend for oneself
look after oneself 照料自己,自行谋生
aside from
besides, apart from 除…以外
long for
desire (to have )sth. strongly 渴望
take pride in
fell please and happy because of 为…而感到得意
store up
put away for future use 储存,储备
pride oneself on
regard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction 以……自豪
make the/one's point
prove that sth. is true 证明一个论点
in particular
especially
at work
busy at a job; doing work
one the whole
considering everything; in general
work off
get rid of, dispose 除去,清除
Ⅳ 大学新编实用英语听力教程1第四版答案
在吗?你现在有答案了吗?
Ⅵ 哪里有新编大学英语视听说4(浙大版)的听力原文急用!!谢谢!
第四册:
Ⅶ 新编商务英语听力4原文在哪有
新编剑桥商务英语中级学生用书的音频和听力在普特英语网上有,我刚下了,不知道是不是你说的那个
Ⅷ 新编牛津英语学习目标与测试四年级听力材料及答案
我喜欢。因为我们用的就是这个。
Ⅸ 请问谁有新编大学英语视听说教程4的听力原文
http://wenku..com/view/03a1e943a8956bec0975e35f.html?from=rec&pos=3&weight=17&lastweight=16&count=5 望采纳