① 英语虚拟语气语法讲解越详细越好
虚拟语气
一． 概念：用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
二．真实条件句用陈述语气
1．真实条件句表示的假想是真实的或有可能性
2．句型：条件从句（一般现在时）+主句（shall/will+动词原形）
3.注意：当表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall/will+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时
三．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
1．表示同现在事实相反的假想，可以表示现在，过去或将来的情况
2．表示同过去事实相反的假想
句型：条件从句（过去完成时had done）+主句（should/would have+过去分词）
3．表示对将来的假想
句型：①条件从句为一般过去式；主句为should+动词原形
②条件从句为were+动词原形；主句为would
③条件从句为should+动词原形; 主句为would
4.表示错综复杂的条件
有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在。
5．虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。
6．特殊的虚拟语气词should
1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
wish的用法
1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
8． 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
9．It is （high） time that
It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
相关练习题
1.（B）The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考点：真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
1.（C）_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考点：在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
2.（D）There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考点：needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
② 英语语法虚拟语气
虚拟语气应该是必修3第一、二单元的知识点。
常规下虚拟语气的考查点分两个：
一是名词性从句中should do结构，should可以省略。在名词性从句中，如果出现表示“命令，建议，请求、计划”的词，不管它用于什么名词性从句，都要求使用虚拟语气。如：
He suggested that we (should) finish the task on time.这是宾语从句，suggest是“建议”的意思。又如这词用于表语从句：
His suggestion was that we (should) finish the task on time.
在这种从句中，要注意一点就是：如果从句的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，那么就要用(should) be done结构，就和情态动词的被动形式一样。如：
He ordered that the task (should) be finished on time.
二是条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。从句和主句的谓语动词有严格规定，如下：
从句， 主句
和现在相反： did/ were would/could/ should/ might do
和过去相反： had done would/could/ should/ might have doe
和将来相反： did/ were to do/ should do would/could/ should/ might do
如：如果当时你没帮助我们，我们不可能完成这工程。
If you had not helped us then, we couldn't have completed the project.(与过去相反)。
如果我是你的话，我会用另一种方法。
If i were you, I would use another way to do it.(与现在相反)，这句中，要注意到我用的是were.尽管主语是单数，虚拟语气中的一般过去式，不能用was.
这些是基本规则，当然还有很多其他的。如：
I wish that....这个结构是个名词性从句中的宾语从句，但是它使用的虚拟语气不与我上面讲到的相同。这个句型中，宾语从句的时态要往过去推前一步。即：如果与现在相反，用一般过去时，如果和过去相反，用过去完成时，如果与将来相反，用过去将来时。
如：I wish that i were a bird.与现在相反
I wish that i hadn't wasted a lot of time before.与过去相反。
③ 英语虚拟语气具体语法。谢谢
虚拟语气应该是强制性的知识点三个第一和第二单元。
下的虚拟语气两个常规测试点：
一，名词性从句应该做的结构，应该被忽略。在名词性从句，如果存在“命令，建议，要求，计划”字，无论什么名词性从句时，需要使用虚拟语气的。如：
他建议我们（应）完成任务的时间是宾语从句，提出了“建议”的意思。另一个例子是在表语从句中使用的词：。
他的建议是，我们（应）完成任务的时间
在本节中，关键是要注意：如果句主语和被动动词之间的关系，那么他们会使用（应该）做结构，就像同样的情态动词的被动形式。如：
他下令任务（应该）按时完成
在虚拟语气第二个条件状语从句。子句和主句的动词有严格的要求，具体如下：
子句，则主句
而现在正好相反：没有/被会/可以/应该/可以做
和过去的相反的：做了会/可以/应该/可能有母鹿
和未来的相反：没有/是做/应该做会/可以/应该/可以做
例如：如果当时你不帮我们，我们不能完成它的工作原理。
如果你没有帮我们的话，我们就不能完成该项目。 （相对于过去）。
如果我是你，我会用另一种方法。
如果我是你，我会用另一种方式来做到这一点。 （现在的对面），短语，要注意，我用的是。尽管受试者是单数，一般假设语气过去时，不能使用了。
这些是基本的规则，当然，还有很多其他的。如：
我希望....这种结构是宾语从句在名词性从句，但它使用上述相同的虚拟语气是不是和我在一起。这句话，时态的宾语从句走了一步过去。即：如果相反，与过去时，如果和过去相反，在过去使用时已完成，如果违反了现在和将来与过去的未来。
这样的：我希望我是一只鸟，现在相反
我希望我之前和过去相反..
要将所有没有浪费了很多时间关于具体的，比较难，我建议你看看下面的语法书系统的通话效果会更好。
④ 虚拟语气 3种格式
高二上学期英语语法总结
Grammar focus语法重点
1．The simple passive form of the infinitives．
不定式被动态的一般形式的内涵及用法。
2．Four functions of the infinitives used as subject，，object and adverbial．用作主语、定语、宾语和状语的不定式的四种功能的用法。
本单元的语法项目是不定式的被动式，具体讲解如下：
①当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。不定式被动形式在句中可作主语、表语、状语、补语等。如：
To be obeyed was natural to her．她生性让别人听命于她。(作主语)
The problem remained to be solved．这个问题还有待解决。(作表语)
It needs not to be said that they are very happy together．
不必说他们在一起非常幸福。(作宾语)
There were plans to be made at once．要立即制定计划。(作定语)
He has returned only to be sent away again．
他回来以后又被打发走了。(作状语)
The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted．
船长命令升旗。(作宾语补足语)
The book is intended to be read and not to be torn．
这书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。(作主语补足语)
②在某些句子中，不定式虽表被动，但仍用主动形式。如：
What is to pay？要付多少钱？
The reason is not far to seek．道理很浅显。
He gave me some books to read．他给了我一些书读。
We found the report easy to understand．我们发现这些报告很容易懂。
不定式作主语、定语、宾语和状语的功能和用法讲解如下：
由于不定式有名词、形容词和副词的特点，所以它在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、补语等。但由于时间关系，今天我只把不定式作主语、定语、宾语和状语的用法讲解一下。
1)作主语。如：
To see is to believe．眼见为实。
To serve the people is our ty．为人民服务是我们的职责。
在日常英语中，常用it作为语法上的主语，即形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面。
It is our ty to serve the people．为人民服务是我们的职责。
2)作宾语。如：
I couldn't afford to buy a new car．我买不起汽车。
Have you decided to marry him？你决定嫁给他吗？
有些动词常常跟不定式作宾语，它们是：want，wish，hate，prefer，hope，continue，manage，try，ask，offer，start，forget，remember，begin，decide，agree，choose，learn，pretend，promise，mean，expect，desire等。
另外，在一些复合宾语中，常用it代表不定式作为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式放在后面。如：
I thought it right to do this test．我认为做这项实验是对的。
3)作定语。通常都置于被修饰名词或代词之后。如：
This is the best way to solve this problem．
这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
I have a lot of work to do．我有许多工作要做。
如果不定式和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且这个不定式是不及物动词，则它后面需有必要的介词。如：
He is a good comrade to work with．他是一个很好共事的同志。
There is nothing to think about．没什么值得考虑的。
4)作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等。如：
He went home to see his parents．他回家看望父母。(表目的)
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb you．
我把收音机音量调小，以免打扰你。(表目的)
The problem is too hard to understand．
这问题太难了，理解不了。(表结果)
What have I done to make you unhappy？
我做了什么事使你不高兴？(表结果)
I'm glad to hear the news．听了这消息，我很高兴。(表原因)
I was surprised to see him there．
我真想不到会在那里见到他。(表原因)
Grammar focus语法重点
The past participle used as attribute and predicative
用作定语和表语的过去分词
本单元的语法项目是过去分词作定语、表语。它们的用法讲解如下：
1)过去分词作定语。如果是及物动词的过去分词作定语，过去分词与被修饰词有逻辑上的被动关系，且表完成的状态；如果是不及物动词的过去分词作定语，过去分词与被修饰词在逻辑上没有主被动关系之说，所以不及物动词的过去分词只表完成的状态。但有些表示思想感情的过去分词如astonished，disappointed，excited，frightened，interested，pleased，surprised，tired，worried等既不表主动，又不表完成。此外，作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；作定语的过去分词如果是动词短语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。如：
We need more qualified teachers．我们需要更多的合格老师。
He stepped carelessly on some broken glass．
他不小心踩到了碎玻璃上了。
The letter written by my brother is on the desk．
我兄弟写的信在桌子上。
The TV set made in China are good quality．
中国制造的电视机质量很好。
You can drink boiled water，not boiling water．
你可以喝白开水，但不可以喝沸腾的水。
From his disappointed look，I knew he didn't pass the examination．
从他的失望表情看，我知道他没通过考试。
2)作表语，过去分词作表语，多表示主语的状态。如：
This machine part is broken．这个机器零件坏了。
He looked very excited．他看起来很激动。
有些过去分词实际上已被看成形容词了，常见的有：delighted，disappointed，discouraged，drunk，amused，astonished，hurt，interested，crowded，tired，satisfied，pleased，surprised，worried，excited，married，puzzled，upset等。
Grammar focus语法重点
The Past Participle used as Object Complement
用作宾补的过去分词
本单元的语法项目是过去分词作宾补，你能把它的用法讲解一下吗？
师：过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的被动关系且表动作的完成。
1)作表感觉或心理状态的动词的宾补，它们是：see，hear，watch，feel，find，think等
We hear the music played by the band．我们听了乐队演奏这首乐曲。
I found her greatly changed．我发现她变化很大。
Everybody thought the battle lost．人人都认为这场战役输掉了。
2)作使役动词的宾补，它们是：make，keep，leave，have，get，help等
When you speak，you have to make yourself understood．
说话时要让人听懂。
Please keep us informed of the latest development．
请随时向我们通报事态的最新发展。
I must get my bike repaired．我必须请人修自行车。
3)作表希望或要求的动词的宾补，它们是：want，like，wish，prefer，need，declare，report，order，acknowledge等。这种用法与不定式的被动形式作宾补基本相同。
I don't want any of you(to be)involved in the scandal．
我不要你们任何人牵涉到丑闻中去。
The viewers wish the serial film(to be)continued．
观众们希望这部系列片继续下去。
She needs the work(to be)done before tomorrow．
他要此项工程明天以前完成。
Grammar focus语法重点
The Past Participle used as Adverbial
用作状语的过去分词
本单元课文中出现了许多过去分词作状语的句子，您能把这一语法现象讲解一下吗？
师：无论过去分词作状语还是现在分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都要和主句的主语一致。过去分词与主句的主语应是被动关系。过去分词作状语，表示时间、原因、让步或伴随等，这种过去分词通常相当于状语从句。下面我将举例说明。
1)表时间
(When the metal is)Heated，the metal expands．加热后，这种金属会膨胀。(The couple took good care of the baby while(the couple was)occupied by their work．这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾这个婴儿。
像第二句那样当强调实践概念时，过去分词之前可用连词when，while。
2)表原因
(As he was)Greatly surprised，he couldn't say a word．
他大吃一惊，一时说不出话来。
(Because she was)Scolded by the teacher，the girl felt unfair．
那姑娘因受老师责备，而愤愤不平。
3)表让步
Even if(I were)invited，I wouldn't go．即使受邀请，我也不愿去。
Though(they were)defeated again and again，they went on fighting．尽管一再遭受挫败，他们仍然继续战斗。
4)表伴随
He stared at me(he was)astonished．他两眼瞪着我，惊恐万状。
Einstein walked along the street，(he was)lost in thought．爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索中。
Grammar focus语法重点
Noun Clauses introced by relating pronoun“that”
由关系代词“that”引导的名词性从句
本单元的语法项目是关联词“that”引导的名词性从句，你能把它的内涵及用法讲解一下吗？
that引导名词性从句时，本身没有什么意思，它只起一个连接作用。①that引导主语从句时，一般不可省略，且可把that所引导的主语从句放在后面，前面用it代替that从句；当然，当主句用了被动语态或是一般疑问句时多用it作形式主语；如主句是感叹句时，必须用it作形式主语，把that从句放在后面。②引导及物动词的宾语从句时，在不引起歧义的情况下，that可以省略；that很少引导介词的宾语从句(中学阶段常见的能引导that从句的介词有：except、but、in等)，如介词引导that从句作宾语，常常在其后加it，在加that从句作宾语。③that从句作表语从句，一般不可省略。④that从句作同位语从句，一般不可省略。请看下列例句：
That we shall be late is certain．=It is certain that we shall be late．
我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
It is said that he's got married．听说他结婚了。
How strange it is that the children are so quiet！
真奇怪孩子们如此安静。
He told me(that)he would come to Gu'an the next day．
他告诉我第二天他来固安。
He did come here in that he had another thing to do．
他没来是因为他有其他事要做。
You can depend on it that he is a millionaire．
你就放心吧，他是百万富翁。
The fact is that he doesn't understand English at all．
事实上他根本不懂英语。
I know the fact that the doesn't understand English at all．
我知道他根本不懂英语(那个事实)。
如何区别 where 引导的定语从句与状语从句
1．where 引导定语从句时，where 是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where 引导的从句修饰先行词。例如：
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here．
我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。
This is the house where I lived two years ago．
这就是我两年前住的那所房子。
We will start at the point where we left off．
我们将从上次停下来的地方开始。
2．where 引导状语从句时，where 是从属连词，where 引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where 前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如：
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet．
武汉位于长江和汉江的汇合处。
Mark a mark where you have any doubts or questions．在有疑问的地方做一个记号。
I found my books where I had left them．我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。
有时，where 引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面，而 where 引导的定语从句则不能。例如：
Where there is a will，there is a way．(谚语)有志者事竟成。
Where there is water，there is life．有水的地方就有生命。
3．在有些情况下，where 引导的定语从句可转换为 where 引导的地点状语从句。例如：
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert．( = A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert．)在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。
Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often．( = Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often．温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。
Grammar focus语法重点
Noun Clauses Introced by Question Words
由疑问词引导的名词性从句
[讲解]由疑问词引导的名词性从句多作主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句，偶尔也作同位语从句。在作上述从句时，其句型结构应该采用以下两种：
1．疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他
2．本身是主语的疑问词 + 谓语动词 + 其他
不管采用哪种句型，其词序总是正装的，即主语必须置于谓语动词前面。
[例句]
1)What you need is more practice．(主语从句)
2)What is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad．(主语从句)
3)I can't imagine when we will be able to travel in space．(动词宾语从句)
4)This reminded me of what he had once told us．(介词宾语从句)
5)The problem is whether robots will be smarter than humans．(表语从句)
6)Scientists have not found answers to the question why there is no life on Mars．(同位语从句)
Grammar focus语法重点
虚拟语气
语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。本单元所讲的是虚拟语气。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。
本单元要学习关于虚拟语气的以下三个用法：
1．虚拟语气在一般现在时的条件句和主句中的谓语动词的形式如下：
从 句 主 句
过去式(be用were) would + 动词原形
[例句]
1)If I knew German，I would read Das Capital in the original．
要是我懂德文，我就读《资本论》的原文。
2)If he were here now，everything would be all right．
要是他现在在这儿，一切就都没问题了。
3)How nice it would be if I could stay a bit longer！
2．虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用。
如果该宾语从句表示一般现在时，其动词一律用其过去式形式，be用were；如果该从句表示一般过去时，其动词形式要用：had + 过去分词；如果该从句表示现在进行时，其动词形式要用were／was + 现在分词；如果该从句表示一般将来时，其动词形式要用：would／could + 动词原形。
[例句]
1)I wish I were／was as strong as you．
2)I wish I remembered his phone number．
3)I wish I had not forgotten his address the other day．
4)How I wish it weren't／wasn't raining now！
5)I wish he would try again．
3．虚拟语气在含有as if引导的从句中的动词形式与wish后的宾语从句中的动词形式相同。
1)He acts as if he were／was an expert．
2)It seems as if it were／was spring．
3)They are talking as if they had been friends for years．
Grammar focus语法重点
Subjunctive Mood in the Past Tense and the Future Tense
一般过去时与一般将来时中的虚拟语气
[ ]表示过去情况的虚拟条件句的主句与从句中谓语动词的主要形式如下：
从 句 主 句
had + 过去分词 would have + 过去分词
[例句]
1．If we had left a little earlier，we would have caught the train．
2．If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．
3．You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes．
[ ]表示将来情况的虚拟条件句的主句与从句中的谓语动词的主要形式如下：
从 句 主 句
were to／should + 动词原形 would + 动词原形
[例句]
1．If I were to study at Harvard University next year，I would major in biology．
2．If he were to／should travel on Mars in the future，he would drive a space wagon all over it．
注：在虚拟条件中，有时可以把表示假设的从属连词if省掉不用，在此语境中，就把从句中的助动词had，should或were移至其主语前，如：
1．Had we made enough preparations，we might have succeeded in doing the experiment．
2．Were they to act like that again，we would／should criticize them severely．
3．Should we fail again next time，we wouldn't lose courage．
Grammar focus语法重点
Inversion 倒装
主语与谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，这和汉语是一致的，称为自然语序或正装语序。反之，如果谓语的全部或一部分置于主语之前，就是倒装语序。
产出倒装语序主要有两个原因：语法结构的要求；第二种则是修辞上措辞和安排的需要。下面就是按两种要求讲授本单元有关倒装语序的知识。
1．主谓倒装
A)凡表方位、方向或时间的副词或介词词组处于句首时往往引起主谓倒装。如：
1)There exist different opinions on this question．
关于这个问题存在着不同的意见。
2)Here comes the old lady．那位老太太来了。
3)Then came the hour we had been looking forward to．
我们期待的时刻到来了。
4)Up went the arrow into the air．
飕的一声箭射上了天空。
5)Now comes your turn．现在轮到你了。
6)Through the air hurtled a jet-plane．
呼地一声在天空中飞过一架喷气式飞机。
B)否定词置于句首，引起部分倒装(助动词或情态动词移至主语前)，如：
1)Never before has our country been so prosperous．
我们的国家从来没有这样繁荣昌盛。
2)Hardly did I think it possible．我几乎认为这是不可能的。
3)On no account should we follow blindly．我们决不应盲从。
C)“only + 状语”置于句首引起部分倒装，如：
1)Only after a bitter struggle was the aim achieved．
只有在艰苦斗争之后这一目标才得以实现。
2)Only in this way can we hope to improve the situation there．
只有用这种方式我们才有可能改善那里的局势。
D)省略了if的虚拟条件句中要用部分倒装，如：
1)Should anyone phone me，tell him to call me again in two hours' time．
万一有人给我打电话，叫他两小时以后再给我打。
2)Had I been informed earlier，I might not have bought the air ticket．
要是早点通知我，我就可能不买那机票了。
2．表语倒装
当表语置于句首，其系动词也就随之移至主语前形成完全倒装，如：
1)Near the southern end of the village was a large apple orchard．
靠近村子南头是一个很大的苹果园。
2)Among its exhibits are computers and mobile phones made in China．
在展品中有中国制造的电脑和手机。
3)Their grandparents are very warm-hearted，as are their parents．
他们的祖父母是非常热心的人，他们的父母也一样。
Grammar focus语法重点
Ellipsis省略
在有些英语句子中，某些成分被省略掉了，这样的句子称为省略句(Elliptical Sentences)。一般说来在上下文已经交待清楚的情况下，可以省略那些已经提到的或不言而喻的部分。
省略是避免重复、突出重要内容和使上下文紧密连接的一种语言手段。
省略可出现于简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句中。
一、常被省略的部分
1．省略主语
Beg your pardon？请再说一遍。(省略I)
2．省略谓语或谓语的一部分
He is a doctor and his wife a teacher．
他是医生，他妻子是老师。(省略is)
I will do the best I can．我将尽力而为。(省略do)
3．省略表语
表语的省略指的是：在主系表句子中，回答其问句时省略表语。这种省略已成固定格式，如果不省略反而不成句子习惯。There be句型的回答以及其反意问句的后半部分也要用省略式。
—Are you hungry？你饿吗？
—Yes，I am．(hungry)．我饿。
4．省略宾语
This is the book(that)you're looking for．
5．主语和谓语(系动词)一起省略
—What would you like to eat？—你要吃什么？
—(I would like)Rice and meat．—米饭和肉。
6．在if，when，though，as if等引导的从句中，如果其谓语动词是be，可将主语一起省略。Don't speak while(you are)eating．吃饭时别说话。
7．一般疑问句的省略回答中动词只用系动词、情态动词、助动词
Can you swim？Yes，I can／No，I can't．
8．只保留一个主要句子成分，其余全部省略。
What did you get？A book．(保留宾语)
Wait！(保留谓语)
9．the reason why，the time when等限定性定语从句中可省略关系副词。
This is the place(where)we came last month．
这就是我们上个月来过的地方。
That was the reason(why)he had not arrived on time．
这就是他没按时到达的原因。
⑤ 虚拟语气有哪几种形式
虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反
I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时
即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.
3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓
语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should
/could/ might +动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等 词
提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that
5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方 式来表示。
We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
4. 在 lest 和 for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
III: wish 后的 that 从句中:
1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变.
4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变 或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc) time 后的that 从句中, 用过去式. 表示 “该是做什么的时候了”
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.
V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 用过去式或过去完成式, 表示”宁愿做什么”
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
VI: 在if only 感叹句中, 谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
If only he didn’t drive so fast! (现在)
If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)
If only the rain would stop.(将来)
VII: 在as if / as though 从句中, 表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑, 用过去式; 表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2. 在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.
she insists that she is right.
she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
⑥ 高考英语虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气，对过去虚拟，从句用过去完成时
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！
你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的：
条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的：
条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
⑦ 英语 虚拟语气语法
虚拟语气
1、在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类：
（1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：
从句：过去时 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如
If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice.
如果我是你的话，我就请教老师。
（2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：
从句：过去完成时 主句：would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如
If I hadn't taken the wrong bus, I wouldn't have missed the contest.
如果我没有搭错车，我就不会不参加竞赛。
（3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：
从句：过去时/should /were to +动词原形 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如
If I had enough money next month, I would buy a of "The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English".
如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。
（4）混合时间条件句：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如
If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.
假如我以前学过法语，现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。
（注：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。）
（5）含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句来表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。如：
Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earth's vegetation would die almost immediately.
没有太阳的热量和光，地球上的植物几乎会马上死去。
2、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用：
（1）用于suggest, order, insist, demand等动词后的宾语从句，如
We suggested that they (should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.
我建议他们明年去香港旅游。
（2）用于wish后的宾语从句
①与现在事实相反的愿望
句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去时…）
I wish I were you.
但愿我是你多好呀。
How I wish it wasn't raining!
现在要是不下雨该多好啊！ （我多么希望现在不下雨。）
②与过去事实相反的愿望
句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去完成时…）
I wish I had learned more.
我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！
He wishes he hadn't made the big mistake.
他要是不犯那个大错误该多好啊！
③与将来的愿望相反（愿望难以实现）
句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去将来时…）
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he could have another chance.
最后一次机会失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊！
（3）用于as if (as though)引导的从句
在as if (as though)引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况，它们所引导的表示虚拟性比喻或方式的状语从句要用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句中动词形式变化相同。
He speakes English as if he were an Englishman.
他说起英语好象他是个英国人似的。
They talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.
他们谈论那座城市，就好像他们以前去过那儿似的。
He stood up as if (though) he would speak.
他站起来好像要发言似的。
注意：当as if (though)引导的从句用于动词seem, appear, look, sound, smell等后面时，as if (though)从句的谓语有时依句意需要，也可用陈述语气，表示说话者认为有可能是事实的事。试比较：
It seems as if she knew me.
好像他早就认识我似的。 （事实上他不认识我。）
It seems as if she knows me.
好像他认识我。 （事实上他认识我的可能性很大。）
（4）用于in order that ,so that引导的目的状语从句。如
The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners could hear hem clearly.
教授说的很慢，好让听众听清楚。
（5）用于It is (high) time引起的从句。如
It is time we stopped this practice.
现在是结束这种做法的时候了。
⑧ if在虚拟语气中三种用法的公式是什么
我是英语专业的，或许能帮助你： 楼主记得给分~！！虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.
3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.
II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
4. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
III: wish 后的 that 从句中:
1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.
4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
It is the first time I came here.
V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
If only he didn’t drive so fast!(现在)
If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)
If only the rain would stop.(将来)
VII: 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
2. 在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.
She insists that she is right.
She insisted that I should finish the work at once.
⑨ 英语虚拟语气有哪几种用法。
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。
3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。
2）在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。3）wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。
其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ would +动词原形。4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1）if非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。
在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：
假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时（be用were）Should（would，could，might）+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should（would，could, might）+ have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时（should+动词原形，were to +动词原形）Should（would，could，might）+动词原形
5.含蓄虚拟条件句1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1）在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可以用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。这就是个大概吧，我从我们的大学英语教师版网络部分里面贴过来的，这些应该都是你能看懂的，其他的，我感觉有点难度的就略去了，希望对你有帮助，谢谢