A. 八年级下册英语学过的所有语法总结!
人教版新目标8年级下英语语法重点
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重点语法:一般将来时态的应用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重点语法:过去进行时态
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重点语法:宾语从句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重点语法:if
引导的条件状语从句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重点语法:现在完成进行时态
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重点语法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重点语法:现在完成时态
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重点语法:反意疑问句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html
B. 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些
不持之以恒,英语就学不会,这是因为英语是一门十分注重积累的学科。如果能接受这个观点,那你就要持之以恒,否则学习无效………………我是一个高考的过来人。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理:英语很差不可怕,可怕的是你从一开始便接受自己是一个英语差生的“事实”!!!!!虽然我高考已经好多年了,而且今年即将大学毕业,踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢,英语一直是我的排头兵!我对英语的自信还有,我觉得学好英语不难,重要的是你要有恒心,急躁冒进,三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧: 首先先你要端正心态,不要急躁,不管别人考多少分,你做你自己的事,这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路,做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实,英语是单词和语法的综合,所以单词和语法都要拿下。 其次,对于单词,有如下几种方法,第一个,是加强记忆的频度,也就是说,早上记了几个,隔几个小时又看一次,总之一天之内,记忆的间隔不要太长,否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化,第二个,是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜,比如good morning 是狗摸你…(见笑了)…,第三个,最重要的是,记单词的时候,不要忘了阅读,一边记单词,一边看文章,这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来,记忆的效果会加倍,第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆,要形成一个意群,比如,重要性用magnitude magnificence ,表示非常,大大地有exceedingly,tremendously,extremely……这样做在你写作时,是十分有好处的,写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇,你要写高级词汇,比如重要性写magnitude,许多写a multitude of 或者handsome。再次,是语法。学习语法,首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补,什么是系动词,什么是直接宾语,间接宾语,这些是学习语法的基础,语法是房子,主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦 此外,对于完形填空以及阅读理解,那就只能靠平时的练习了,在这个过程中,你要时时总结,纵深对比,千万不要陷入题海战术只做题,不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中,你把各种体型都总结了一遍,积累了丰富的经验,而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度,一举两得,所以做题是很重要的!其实,完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析,也就是说,做完形填空你的语法要好,而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配,短语,特殊用法等,完形填空的语法还是很重要的!对于阅读,我个人感觉是,纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题,只有保证一定的练习量,你才能用质的提高!最后,我建议你,平时读报,或者做题的时候,发现有好的句子好的词汇,你要抄下来,长期下来,你的作文会有提高的,需要说明的是,这个提高过程可能很缓慢,但是最后能收到很好的效果,以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别,靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇,句型,句子。我个人的理解是,在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上,作文便应该以词汇取胜,因为在这个层次上,大家的语法都差不多,没什么变化,唯一有变化的就是你的词汇!给你打个比方吧,很多想到“许多”就用many,但是你别忘了many a ;handsome;massive,innumerable;很多人想到“专家”就写expert,但很少人会想到specialist,很多人在想到“擅长”这词,就写be good at ,却不知还有更高级的表达法:be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才,就体现在这些细微的差别
C. 八下英语语法总结简单易懂
八下英语语法
Unit 1
一般将来时
1.定义:表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态
2.肯定句式:主语+will/ shall/ be going to +动词原形
否定句式:主语+will/ shall +not或be not going to +动词原形
疑问句:Will/ Shall +主语+动词原形+其他?
Be +主语+going to +动词原形
3.标志词(时间状语)
tomorrow, in 2012, in +一段时间 (in three days, in five years), next month (week, year), later on, tomorrow morning 等。
*4.现在进行时表将来
come, go, fly, leave, arrive等短暂性动词用进行时表将来.
eg: We are leaving for Hong Kong next week.
Unit 2
情态动词
1. 用法:情态动词表示建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词后面跟动词原形,情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need等。
2. should的用法
a. should作为助动词shall的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。
b. should作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,意为“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和ought to, be supposed to互换使用,可用于各种时态。
3. 情态动词could表示“建议”时不是can的过去式,而表示比can更加委婉的建议。
4. 情态动词can, could, shall, should还可以表示“请求,许可”。shall 和should用于第一人称,表示征求对方的建议或意见。
Unit 3
过去进行时
1. (1)定义:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生或进行的动作,常与表示过去某一时刻的时间状语连用。
(2)结构:was/ were +doing
(3)标志词:at this time yesterday, at 8 yesterday morning,有时与when或while引导的时间状语从句连用等。
(4)过去进行时态与一般过去时态的区别:
a. 一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
b. 过去进行时态强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
2. when 和 while的用法
(1)when一般指时间点,从句中的谓语动词用终止性动词,但也可以跟时间段,这时从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
eg:When I arrived there, it was raining.
(2 ) while意为“正在……时”,表示在某一段时间内某动作或状态是延续的,后面只能跟时间段,而不能用时间点,所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词用延续性动词。
eg:The dog ran out while we were talking.
(3 ) when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作既可以同时发生,也可以先后发生;而while强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
Unit 4
直接引语、间接引语
1. 步骤:(1)不要“,”“:”“ “ ” ”
(2)要考虑到人称的变化
(3)要考虑时态的变化
(4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语、指示代词的变化
(5)直接引语变为间接引语后,都要使用陈述句语序
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,要把原来的时态向前推移,几个主要时态的变化规律有:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时(客观真理除外)
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
3. 直接引语变为间接引语后,所用的连接词是不同的
(1)陈述句用that连接,that可省略
(2)一般疑问句用if 或whether引导
(3)特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导
Unit 5
条件状语从句
1. 表示“如果……”“在某种条件下,会……”
2. 时态
一般主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
主句用过去将来时,从句用一般过去时。
*3. if 与whether 引导条件状语从句时,一般可互换,但也有区别:
(1)引导主语从句,而且放于句首时,必须用whether
(2)引导表语从句时,必须用whether
(3)whether与or not 连用
(4)动词不定式之前必须用whether
(5)介词之后必须用whether
Unit 6
现在完成进行时
1. 定义:表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
2. 结构:have/ has been +现在分词
3. 标志词:for two weeks, since 2000, all this morning, these few years 等。
*4. since 与 for 用于现在完成进行时的区别:
since用来说明动作的起始时间,所以后跟表示某一时间点的名词性短语
for用来说明动作延续时间,所以后跟表示一段时间的名词性短语
5. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
a. 现在完成时强调动作的完成情况
b. 现在完成进行时侧重强调动作的持续性
Unit 8
感叹句
what引导名词,how引导形容词或副词。
句式:What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语 !
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 +主语 +谓语 !
How + 形容词/ 副词 +主语 +谓语!
Unit 9
现在完成时
1. 用法:(1) 在未指明具体时间的情况下,现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成,而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。
(2) 开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
2. 肯定句式:主语 +have/ has +done
否定句式:主语 + have/has +not+ done
疑问句:Have/ Has +主语 +done ?
3. 标志词:already, never, ever, just, before, yet
*4. come, go, leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury, marry等动词所表示的动作是一时的,不能延续的,所以不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。但是这些词用于否定句则可与表示持续的时间状语连用,即动作的不发生是可以持续的。
Unit 10
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。如:
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:
1) Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。
3)祈使句都用will you 或won’t you
2.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。
3.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。
5.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。
6.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。
7.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式-
D. 初二上册英语语法总结
新目标八年级(上)英语复习提纲
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【语言目标】
What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach
How often do you eat vegetables? Every day. Most students do homework every day.
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事 30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed紧张的,有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体?
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),(在这里助动
词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用)与一般现在时或一般过去时连用,回答一般是用表示频率的副词
,如:once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week ,
twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么?”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do则是实义动词。
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.” “你最喜欢什么节目?”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”;
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益(有好处)”;其反义为:be bad for...。(这里for 是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“(用某一办法)试着去做某事”。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle
or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell
(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get
(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【语言目标】
What’s the matter? I have a headache.
You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
I have a sore back. That’s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱,齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了? = What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)? = What’ the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医 9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服 = I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息 16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽 18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡 24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康 = keep healthy = keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴,过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物, enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事, mind doing sth. 介意做某事,
finish doing sth.完成某事, give up doing sth.放弃做某事,
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. (keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. )
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献 go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花(时间)来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起(做...)来更愿意(做...)
28. at the moment = now 此刻 29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习 31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1. What’s the matter? I have a bad cold.
2.Maybe you should see a dentist.
3.I hope you feel better soon.
4.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
5.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 6.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
7.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
8.When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.
9.I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
10.I am not feeling very well at the moment.
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches.
11.I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
12.I practice playing the piano every day.
13.She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
14.The doctor asked him to give up smoking.
15.Do you mind closing the window?
16.Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.
17.They kept working though it was raining.
【内容较多,不能全部复制下来。亲,留下邮箱,我发文件给你,很详细,还有定语从句之类的专项讲解 ——逆夏000】
E. 初中英语知识点,重点语法总结
一般现在时 do
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
现在进行时 is(am are)doing
过去进行时 was(were)doing
一般过去将来时 would do
过去完成时态 had done
现在完成时 have(has)done
一、 一般现在时
1、定义 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,如能力、特征、性质、身份等。
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示 (注意当主语为第三人称单数时,动词 + s或 + es)
句型转换 1) 情态动词,联系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示经常性的、习惯性的或永久性的动作,常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的状态,常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。注意这些
动词一般不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般过去时
1、定义 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,可能是一次的,也可能是经常的,动作已完成。
2、构成 1) be – was,were 2) 实意动词用过去式来表示,没有人称和数的变化。
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't(动词改为原形)
3、用法 1) 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had(have的过去式)当“有”讲时,构成疑问和否定有两种形式,其他词义同实意动词。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. (不用 haven't) Did you have a good time?
三、一般将来时
1、定义 表示将来某一时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall (第一人称)和will (所有人称) + 动词原形, 缩写为 “'ll”,否定缩写为shan't, won't。
2) be going to do,常用于口语,表示打算去做的事和可能要发生的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表马上要发生的事,不与时间连用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的现在进行时刻表示按计划,安排或即将进行的动作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的一般现在时表示一般将来时。
四、过去将来时
1、定义 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2、构成及用法 should (第一人称)或would (第二,三人称) + 动词原形,常用于宾语从句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见一般将来时。
五、现在进行时和过去进行时
定义:现在进行时表示1)现在正在进行的动作 2)现阶段一直在进行,延续性 3)目前阶段临时发生的动作,暂时性。 is/ am/ are + doing
过去进行时表示1)过去某时正在进行的动作 2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作 3)过去瞬间发生的动作。was/ were + doing
Notes:1. 表安排、计划要发生的动作可用进行时表示将来时。这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 现在进行时与always, often等频率副词连用,表示厌烦、赞叹等感情。
3. 在条件从句中,时间状语从句中用现在进行时表示将来进行时。
4. 同理,在表条件、时间状语从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来进行时,在一些表开始,离开的动词用过去进行时表过去将来时。
用法: 1. 现在完成时表示现阶段完成的动作或存在的状态,动作或状态从过去开始延续到现在,可能终止,
即动作发生在过去强调对现在的影响,与现在有关,常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段时间, since + 点时间;in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 过去时指过去某时或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。指的现在之前的情况,与现在无关
3. 过去完成时指的过去某一时间动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态,“过去的过去”。常用句型:
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 过去时间 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just“刚才”表示刚刚过去,可以看成与说话时间紧密相连,可与现在完成时连用,也可以与过去时连用。但just now“刚才”=a moment ago, 只表示过去时间,只与过去时连用。
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完成时态的肯定句与延续多久的时间状语连用,要用表状态的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完成式,还可以用it is+多少时间+since的句型。
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示“时间点”的名词。for prep.+ 多少时间,表示一段时间。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少时间,表示最近一段时间,用完成时,不用过去时。
5. have been去过某地(不在去过地)have gone到某地去了(不在说话地方)。一,二人称不能用have gone。 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引导倒装句,常与过去完成时连用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用过去完成时表示过去的意图而实际没有实现的情况
F. 八年级上学期的英语语法总结(全部)!
一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去过那儿很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有许多学生在读英语。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)
很多学生都游览过长城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示“……中的很多”。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。
二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水吗?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他总是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花园里还有许多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
这儿的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大厅里放了很多鲜花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
橱柜里有许多食物。
在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人吗?
There isn’t much time left.
剩下的时间不多了。
其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
无家可归的人数多达250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是这样的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法:
结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)
疑问代词:
1) Who:谁。做主语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系,如果做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词:
When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地,询问地点, Where do you come from?
Why为什么,询问原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,询问年龄,How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远,询问距离, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词:表示动作发生的频率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构:how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式,用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法:
Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为cannot,can’t.
can表“能力”,意思是:能,会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换,be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许,意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型:
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化(课本P93)
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点;even表示“甚至,更加,还要……”even bigger还要大些,three times表示 “…三倍”,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一.可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个,如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es(特殊情况除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有:
Lots of= a lot of许多,大量 some一些(用于肯定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑问句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时:指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定:wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句:was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句:主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型(当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句)
肯定式:主语+动词过去式
否定式:主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态,即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+(表语)+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句,对某人的出生年月进行提问,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引导的特殊疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是:
How long did + 主语+动词?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝?When +did+主语+动词?
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词,表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度,包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点:(1)情态动词有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语,且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时,直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时,须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测,意为“能,会,可以。”can’t, 意为“不能,不会,不可以。”,还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词,excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是,被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.个完整你选择哪个吧!