『壹』 九年级全一册英语，第14单元语法聚焦翻译。
七年级发生了什么特别的事情吗？
我们队赢得了学校篮球比赛。
自从进入初中以来，你有什么变化吗？
我的英语说的更好了。
你认为在高中事情会有什么不同呢？
我认为我将不得不为了考试而更加努力地学习。
你明年的计划是什么?
我将要参加学校排球队。
你对八年级有什么印象？
我记得我是一名志愿者。
你过去常做而现在不做的事是什么?
我以前上过舞蹈课，但现在不上了。
你期待的是什么?
我期待着上高中。
拓展资料：
英文语法中插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说）， that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来）， what's more， what's worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是）， I'm afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）等。
插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如：
（ 1 ） What should I do first？
What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）
（ 2 ） Who is singing？
Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整）
『贰』 求初一到初三所有英语语法
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s.如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）.如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s).如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数,没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
『叁』 初一至初三所有英语语法现象 笔记
初一：
一、形容词与副词：
1、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：
（1）形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成。a.规则变化；b.不规则变化；
a.规则变化:
一般是加er和 est
b.不规则变化:
1)当有y结尾的，改y为i加er和est
2)当有重读的闭音节时（如big是闭音节，而且重读，一般是单音节，少数是双音节）时，双写末尾字母再加er和est
3)大多数双音节词和所有多音节词，在前面加more和most
4)特殊词有特殊的比较级和最高级
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
hit-hit-hit
（2）形容词副词的比较级和最高级的用法；
1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词为season。根据比较级与最高级的知识，两者之间用比较级，而三者或三者以上用最高级，北京有四季，因此本题应选择最高级。又因为形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，因此答案为D。
2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
-- Of course, the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词在第一句句尾，"the sun, the moon or the earth",提问的对象为三者，应该选择最高级。
3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
解析：正确答案为B。该题的核心词为than，than一词是比较级的标志。
4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
解析：正确答案为B。该题与第三题相似，核心词为than。
（3）“as+形容词/副词原型+as”和“so+形容词/副词原型+as”的用法。
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
补充知识：
2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can……
1）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
2）倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
（错）He is more cleverer than his brother.
（对）He is more clever than his brother.
（对）He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
（错）China is larger that any country in Asia.
（对）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：
Which is large，Canada or Australia？
Which is the larger country，Canada or Australia？
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
二、冠词：
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。
1、不定冠词的用法；
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。
1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
补充： 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a
hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2、定冠词的用法；
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1）特指双方都明白的人或物：
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2）上文提到过的人或事：
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3）指世上独一物二的事物：
the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living
生者。
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： 给分哈
『肆』 初中阶段，英语教材中的语法点分别有哪些。麻烦根据七年级至九年级的顺序回答。谢谢
我也认为很难回答，一共有5册书呢。而且囊括了英语中的所有语法。高中只是在初中的基础上有所加大难度。
『伍』 关于人教版初中英语初一至初三所有所学语法
建议你买一本薄冰的《初中英语语法》（详解），里面语法点很多，整理全面，你看了便一目了然了。
有志者事竟成！
『陆』 七年级下册英语5单元语法焦点翻译
托福阅读考试离不开词汇的考核，下面小编整理了托福阅读考试的核心词汇，希望能帮助大家备考。
61.in favor of 赞同，支持
The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.
62.in quantity 大量，大批
There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots proced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.
63.in season 当季
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.
64.in spite of 尽管，任凭
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.
65.in the absence of 在缺乏…的情况下
The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.
66.in view of 由于
In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.
67.instead of 代替
Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.
68.invest in 投资
He started to invest in the town’s cultural development.
69.lead to 导致，引起
In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.
70.leave out 排除
Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.
71.off the mark 不正确
This analogy is not far off the mark.
72.on behalf of 代表
Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.
73. on the basis of 在…的基础上
Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning
74.owing to 由于，因为
Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.
75.perceive sth as sth 认为
Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.
76.pick up 学会
Alts make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.
77.put off 推迟
Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off ring harvest time.
78.regardless of 不顾
Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.
79.result from 因..而产生
Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.
80.result in 结果，导致
The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.
81.set about 开始，动手
African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.
82. set aside 留下将来用
Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for instrial or commercial development.
83.so far 到目前为止
The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.
84.sort out 把…分类
Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.
85.spring up 涌现
In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.
86.stem from 起源于
It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.
87.stretch out 伸展，伸出
The resies from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
88.strive for 为…而奋斗
As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.
89.take account of sth./take sth into account 考虑到
Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.
90.take advantage of 利用
Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy procts to achieve more varied fare.
『柒』 初一至初三英语的全部语法
买一本《五年中考三年模拟》吧，是本好教材，讲的很详细，我中考时用的就是他
『捌』 七年级人教版英语书上下册语法焦点
（一）be动词。 1、be动词包括am, are, is。 2、be动词的用法。 am → 主语是单数第一人称（即I）。e.g. I am… be are → 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are… The coats are… is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 e.g. Your father is… The money is… 3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。 e.g. He is not a teacher. 4、缩写形式。 ①主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为 ’，再与主语合并。 e.g. you are → you’re Jack is → Jack’s ② be+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并。 e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t ③不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。 e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误) 5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。 ①一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调。（一般第一人称改为第二人称） e.g. The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father? I’m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student? ②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答： No, 主语+be+not. e.g. Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home? Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is. No, he is not.(isn’t) No, I’m not. No, he is not.(isn’t) 注意：①主语必须用代词回答；②肯定回答不能缩写；③回答第二人称，用第一人称回答。 ③特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）。 1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前 (置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？) e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap? I can sing English songs. → What can you do? 2) 注意：①被提问部分不能再写。 ②提问动词(即提问做某事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？ 3) 相应的疑问词。 1. 事物 → what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that? 2. 地点 → where He is at home? → Where is he? 3. 人 → who The man is his father. → Who is the man? 4. 怎样(程度，方式) → how She’s fine. → How is she? He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school? 5. 年龄 → how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa? 6. 班级 → what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in? 7. 数字 → what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number? 8. 颜色 → what color His car is yellow. → What color is his car? 9. 时间 → what time I can get there at six. → What time can you get there? when I can go with you on Sunday. → When can you go with me? 10. 价钱 → how much The bag is twenty yuan. → How much is the bag? （二）代词： 1、代词的形式 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主 格 I we you you he she it they 宾 格 me us you you him her it them 物主代词 my our your your his her its their 我(的) 我们(的) 你们(的) 你们(的) 他(的) 她(的) 它(的) 他们(的) 2、代词的用法 ①动作的发出者，代词用主格，(一般在句首，动词前)。 e.g. He often writes to me. ②动作的承受者，代词用宾格，(一般在句末，动词后、介词后)。 e.g. Let’s ask him. Let’s play with them. ③物的主人，用物主代词。(即代词所有格) 形容词性物主代词后一定要带物，不能单独使用，一般用在名词前。 e.g. This is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat. （三）所有格：表示物或人的“所属”关系。 1、名词所有格的形式： ① 名词之后直接+’s e.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s ② 以s结尾的名词只加 ' e.g. students―students’ 2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词，但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。e.g. today’s newspaper; an hour’s walk; China’s city 3、注意： ①表示两者或多者共有，在最后一个名词+ ’s。 e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.（共用，用单数） ②如果不是共有，指各有，则各词都应+’s。 e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有，用复数) 4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示，但注意词序与汉语习惯不同，形式为：名词+of+名词（前者属于后者）。 e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门 the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片 5、注意：有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语。（对等） e.g. his father’s friends → the friends of his father. the girl’s new computer → the new computer of the girl. the dog’s name → the name of the dog 但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构。因为’s 只用于有生命的词。 （四）名词的数。 1、名词的概念：名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词， 如：teacher, school, morning, thanks, ty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 2、可数名词。 1）可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词，有单复数两种形式。 可数名词包括个体名词：e.g. apple , student. 集体名词：e.g. class people 2）用法： ① 单数名词前可用a, an修饰； ② 之前可以直接用数词； ③ 之前可用a lot of, lots of，many, some等修饰； ④ 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词； 3）可数名词的复数形式： 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。 A 规则变化： ① 一般在单词的结尾直接+s； book ― books ② 如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾，+es； bus ― buses ③ 若以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es； city ― cities story ― stories ④ 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为ves；wife ― wives knife ― knives ⑤ 以o结尾， tomato — tomatoes； photo— photos； ⑥ 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时，只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数。 e.g. banana trees ⑦ 但是以woman, man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时，里面所含的成分全部要变成复数。three women teachers B 不规则变化： ① 单复数同形 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 ② 只作复数 trousers clothes chips thanks people(人们) ③ 特殊变化： man―men woman―women foot―feet child―children 3、不可数名词。 1）不可数名词是指不可以用数目计算是名词，它一般没有复数形式。 不可数名词包括物质名词：broccoli. 抽象名词：work, homework. 2）用法：① 不用a, an修饰； ② 前面可用a lot of, lots of, much, some, a little等修饰； ③ 作主语时，都视为单数； ④ 提问其数量时用How much； e.g. How much money do you have? （五）祈使句： 1、祈使句表示请求，命令，建议等，它没有主语（其实是省略了主语you）， 以动词开头，动词要用原形，句末用“！”或“.”，读降调。有时为了使语气比较委婉，常在句首或句末加上please.在句末时要用逗号隔开。 e.g. Sit down, please! Let’s go to school. 2、祈使句的否定形式： 一般在句首加Don’t. e.g. Play the piano. → Don’t play the piano. （七）一般现在时。 1、一般现在时的用法： ①表示现在的状态或特征，谓语动词一般是be。 e.g. They are at work. She is very old. ②表示经常性或习惯性动作，谓语动词一般是实义动词。 e.g. We go to school from Monday to Friday. ③表示主语具备的性格和能力。 e.g. I like swimming. Do you speak English? ④普遍真理。e.g. Two plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun. 2、一般时态（一般现在时）的谓语形式。 ①动词be 的人称变化： （略） ②实义动词的变化：主语为单数第三人称，实义动词应+s或es。 (其变化类同于名词的复数形式) 主语为其他人称时，实义动词不变。 3、一般现在时的句型变化。 1）be动词的句式：（略） 2）实义动词的句式：改否定句及疑问句都应借助助动词do或does。 (当主语为单数第三人称时，用does, 同时应将其后的谓语动词还原形)。 ① 改否定句：在实义动词之前+don’t或doesn’t. e.g. We go to school on Sundays. → We don’t go to school on Sundays. He does his homework after supper. → He doesn’t do his homework after supper. ② 改一般疑问句：在句首添加Do或Does，其他照抄，最后加问号。 e.g. They speak English. → Do they speak English? He goes home at five every day. → Does he go home at five every day? ③ 一般疑问句的肯否定回答。 Yes, 主语do. No, 主语don’t. Yes, 主语does. No, 主语doesn’t. e.g. Do they speak English? Does he go home at five every day? Yes, they do. Yes, he does. No, they don’t. No, he doesn’t. ④ 改特殊疑问句：疑问代词＋一般疑问句？(do/does＋其他？) e.g. I like to eat apple. What do you like to eat? He goes to school every day. Where does he go every day? 4、often, five days a week, every day, on Sundays, sometimes等表示频度的状语通常位于be动词之后，实义动词之前，若句子出现频度副词，通常用一般现在时
『玖』 跪求新目标英语初一到初三的语法大全
1，一般现在时
2，一般过去时
3，一般将来时
4，现在进行时
还有几种词
1，名词
2，代词
3，形容词
4，动词
5，冠词
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
speng sth doing sth花....做某事
observe sb do sth注意到某人做某事
allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
respect sb for sth 因某事尊敬某人
argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事
represent sth to sb向某人陈述某事
inteng sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
prepare sb to do sth让某人准备做某事
drive sb to do sth迫使某人做某事
begen to do sth开始做某事
used to do sth过去常常干某事
see sb do sth看到某人做某事
imagine sb doing sth想要某人做某事
invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
advise sb to do sth劝告某人做某事
decided to do sth决定做某事
apply to do sth建议某人做某事
y是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种： 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”） 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如： By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？ 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如： I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1）★作主语（这种用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？3）作表语Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。
否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语，而用didn’t ＋ 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟，是吗？Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示过去的习惯动作， 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用，描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员，但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：
二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下： 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词
例如：我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词＋be＋过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语＋had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。请看下表:
主动语态 被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虚拟语气：如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟（非真实）条件句中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。
请比较：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。）在这句话中，条件句，“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，be动词只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办？”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。
nit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can’t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此， 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）
3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）
4 再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。
1．定语从句中that与who、which的区别
2．定语从句中关系词的省略
典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析：指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时，只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.（改为同义词）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改为同义句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：读题后可知：上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”，对应下句，可知空格处应填“戴”，故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which B．what C．who D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which B．what C．／ D．who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what B．which C．why D．that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （对划线部分提问）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中为副词，go后面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be