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英语所有时态的语法

发布时间:2020-12-27 15:28:26

1. 英语的语法和时态有什么区别

时态表示谓语动词发生的时间.时态有十六种.如:
一般现在时:动作经常发生、反复发生.如:We go to school on weekdays.
一般过去时:动作发生在过去.如:I did it yesterday.
一般将来时:动作在将来发生.如:I will be successful in the future.
过去将来时:动作在过去某个时间看来是将要发生的.如:I would go to Shanghai.
现在进行时:动作现在正在发生.如:I'm writing now.
过去进行时:动作过去某个时候正在发生.如:I was reading English at 8:00.
将来进行时:动作在将来某个时候正在进行.如:I will be eating lunch at 12:00.
现在完成时:1)过去的动作对现在造成的影响.如:I've closed the door.这句话不是讲“过去”“我”关了门,而是指门现在是关着的.2)过去一直持续到现在的动作.
过去完成时:过去的过去的动作对过去造成的影响.“过去的过去”
将来完成时:动作在将来某个时间已完成.
现在完成进行时:动作从过去一直持续到现在,现在还在进行.
过去完成进行时:
将来完成进行时:
等等
语态表示动作与执行者和承受者之间的关系.语态与动作的时间没有关系.
语态只有两种:
主语是动作的执行者,用主动语态;
主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态.被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成.
下面说说被动语态句子的不同时态的结构:
一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时:was/were+过去分词
一般将来时:will/shall be+过去分词
过去将来时:would/should be+过去分词
现在进行时:am/is/are being+过去分词
过去进行时:was/were being+过去分词
将来进行时:will/shall be+过去分词
现在完成时:have/has been+过去分词
将来完成时:will have been+过去分词
现在完成进行时:have/has been being +过去分词
过去完成进行时:had been being+过去分词
将来完成进行时:will/shall have been being+过去分词
注意:主动语态有多少种时态,被动语态就也有多少种时态.

2. 英语语法时态

经常有朋友问英语语法学习的书。建议根据自己的程度来选书。初中和高中的同学可以选择初/高中英语语法书;大学生或成年人可以选择《张道真实用英语语法》、《薄冰英语语法》。

3. 英语语法里面的各种时态

时间
现在
过去来
将来自
过去将来
状态
一般
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
一般过去将来
进行
现在进行时
过去进行时
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
完成
现在完成时
过去完成时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
完成进行
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
将来完成进行时
过去将来完成进行时

4. 英语的十六个时态已经包含英语的全部语法了吗

不是哦,英语抄如果只有这16种时态,就不袭需要从小学到大了。
除了这16种时态,还有两种语态,即主动和被动(就是中文中的被……),还有各种从句(主语从句,定语从句,状语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句等),非谓语啦,逻辑主语啦,虚拟语气(表示与现实不相符的),倒装句啦(半倒和全倒),感叹句啦,间接引语(他说……),主谓一致,还有固定结构啦等等等等
语言的变化是无穷,如果仅仅用这16种时态就能表达清楚是几乎不肯能的
求采纳~~~

5. 英语时态语法

He kept the door closed 指的是说话以前他让门保持着关闭的状态,所以要用过去时态。

6. 求英语所有时态的语法

答:
英语中有16种时态。很好记,4X4=16.
就是4种时间X4种状态=16种时态。
这4种时间是:现在、过去、将来和过去将来。
这4种状态是:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。
以do为例,给你列个表格:

时间X状态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 does/ do am/is/are doing has/have done has/have been doing
过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing
将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing
过去将来:would do would be doing would have done would have been doing

至于它们的用法,网上有详细的解说,有例句,自己去看。也有TX为你准备好了。那都是网上来的。

7. 英语语法时态有多少个

16种时态,分别是一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,将来时,过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去完成进行时,将来进行时,将来完成时等

8. 英语的时态语法(所有)+例句

1. 现在一般时与现在完成时
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人)
I have come from Shanghai(从上海来)
2) You read very well. (强调能力)
You've read very well. (强调一次刚完成的动作)
3) I forget.(一时想不起来了)
I have forgotten.(仍没想起来,可能已回忆起来了)
4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态)
The book has been written in simple English.(表动态,已用英语写成)
5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. (两个动作不可能同时进行)Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行)
6) He is gone. (强调状态)He has gone (强调动作和时间)
7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出开始时)
He won't come till the play has begun.(戏已开始)
8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. (两个动作紧密相接)
After I have left school, I'll go to college.(强调毕业后,两个动作可能有间隔)
9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样,后一句是美国英语)
10) Where are you? (在哪)Where have you been?(去了哪)

2. 现在一般时与现在进行时
1) He works hard.(强调始终如一)He is working hard.(强调现在)
2) What do you do? (干什么工作的)What are you doing?(在干什么)
3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰)
The bus is coming.(汽车到来的情景)
4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了)
5) You don't eat much. (强调胃口不大)
You're not eating much.(你怎么不吃呀)
6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比较固定,不宜改变)
The match is starting at 7 o'clock.(可以改变)
7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满,责备)
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大,后者更生动)
9) I tell you.(我可以告诉你)
I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧,有感情色彩)
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了)
11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令)
I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉转)
12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你说些什么呀,表说话人惊讶,不满)
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果) I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程,逐渐感到)
13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)
Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)
14) He always thinks of others.
He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)
15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)
16) I hope you'll give us some advice.
I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)
17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)

3. 现在完成时与过去一般时
1) I've seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里)
I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)
2) Who's opened the window? (窗户还在开着)
Who opened the window? (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)
3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是爱唱歌)
Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)
4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你听过这种事吗)
Did you ever hear of such a thing?(这种事, 你听说过吗? 是一个修辞性问题,表示惊异。)
5) What have I done to make you so angry? (对方仍生气)
What did I do to make you so angry? (暗示某一过去的时间,可能对方已不生气了。)
6) How has he done it? (他这活干的怎么样?强调结果)
How did he do it?(他是怎么干这活的?强调干活的方式)
7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在纽约)
He lived in New York for eight years.(他可能不在人世了)
8) He has been called a thinker.
He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家)
9) You've heard what I said. (你听见我的话了)
You heard what I said.(你是听见我的话的,口气严厉,具有感情色彩。)
10) I've lost my pen. (笔还没找到)I lost my pen.(笔可能找到了)
11) He has already been there. (曾去过哪)
He was already there.(当时在哪)
12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.(生病还在延续)Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了)
13) Have you slept well? (暗示疲倦了,休息后是否好些了)
Did you sleep well?(暗示睡的是否舒服,满意)

4. 过去完成时与过去一般时
1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔)
I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念)
2) I waited till I saw him.
I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍)
3) We hoped he would come.(我们希望他来)
We had hoped he would come.(我们本希望他来的)
4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did.(指具体一次)
I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了)
5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我来此以前在当兵)
Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我来此以前,曾当过兵)
6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实) Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结实过)
7) They were friends from many years.(表示现在还是朋友)
They had been friends for many years.(意味这友谊结束了)
8) He did the work at 6.(强调时间)
He had done the work at 6. (6点工作已做完)
9) I learned French ring my holiday.(强调学了)
I had learned French ring my holiday. (强调学会了)
10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱着坐下)
When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)
11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明确)
I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作业做完)
12) I have lived here since I was a child.(从我长大成人)
I have lived here since I had a child.(从我孩提时)

5. 过去进行时与过去一般时
1) I read a book yesterday. (书已看完)
I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完)
2) The guests arrived.(客人已到)
The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达)
3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒)
He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)
4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死)
5) John told me about it.(告诉我了,我都知道了)
John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情)
6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已经说服)
They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说)
7) The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实)
The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停)
8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很旧了)
9) He knocked at the door.(强调一次性)
He was knocking at the door.(强调多次性)

6. 将来一般时与现在进行时
1) Will he come? Is he coming?(时间发生的比较近)
2) How long will you stay hear? (表示意愿)
How long will you stay here?(表示打算)
3) She'll have a baby. (表示肯定)
She's going to have a baby.(表示推测,计划)
4) I'll see him this evening.(表示意愿)
I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)

7. 现在一般时与过去一般式
1) Do you wish to see me?
Did you wish to see me?(表示婉转客气)
2) That's all I have to say.(我的话就这些)
That's all I had to say.(我要说的就这些)
3) How do you like the film? (看电影过程中)
How did you like the film?(看完电影后)
4) It is nice to see you.(见面时说)
It was so nice to see you.(离别时说)
5) I never like him. (没时间性)
I never liked him.(从来没喜欢过)
6) I think I know that voice.(没见客人时)
I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误)
7) Who is that? (哪人还在)
Who was that?(人已不在场了)
8) This cake is made at home. (家里常做这种蛋糕)
This cake was made at home.(这种蛋糕是自家做的)

8.现在完成时与现在完成进行时
1) Someone has phoned you.(打了电话)
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话)
2) I've read the novel.(已读完)
I've been reading the novel.(还没读完)
3) He has lived here for six weeks.
e has been living here for six weeks. (区别不大,后者更口语化)
4) Have you met her lately?
Have you been meeting her lately?(强调动作的重复,经常见面)
5) Who's eaten my apples? ( 苹果没有了)
Who's been eating my apples?(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满)

9.现在一般时与过去完成时
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(与事实相反)
(经常这样用的词有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)

9. 求英语的各种不同时态语法(详解)

英语五种常用语法时态线性分析及用法指导

贺颖列

用英语表达一件事情是发生在现在、过去还是将来,事情是已经完成还是仍在进行中等等,主要是靠动词的词形变化(如speak, spoke;smile, smiled),以及使用特定的动词词组(如 will speak, is smiling, has spoken, has been smiling)。汉语则不同。汉语的词是没有词形变化的。讲汉语时,表达时间主要是用副词或状语(如将要讲话,已经讲过话,正在微笑)。因此,中国学生学英语,时态方面的错误是最多的,因为他们往往就用汉语的这种表达时间的方式来说英语。笔者在大学执教中,深知英语时态是学生学习英语的难点之一。他们对不同时态所代表的不同概念和使用规则自认为已经掌握,而在运用时则一错再错。例如,混淆不同时态不同的动词形式,混淆各种时态在不同时间情况下的运用,尤其是在成段英语口语和写作时容易暴露出来。这反映出:(1)学生对时态的基本概念的掌握还不牢固,甚至一知半解,因而不能正确区别和运用;(2)学生对不同时间背景下时态运用所积累的经验不够多,未能形成要领,因而难于取得举一反三的效果,也就无从由感性认识上升为理性知识并形成自己固有的习惯。

为了帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英语时态的运用,本文将在时态三分制基础上,结合数学中的数轴图,来对英语中五种常用时态进行线性分析。

一、问题的分析及解决

时态tense一词,源自拉丁语对希腊语中表示时间的词语 khrónos 的翻译词tempus。时态与时间虽不同,却相关。时态是个语法范畴,时间是个哲学认知范畴。时态涉及时间关系。古典语法学家以时态体现时间的线性关系为认识前提,认为希腊语和拉丁语中应有三种基本时态(basic tense),即过去、现在和将来。这也就是通常情况下所说的时态三分制原则。他们认为三种基本对立时态是人类语言所共有的语法现象。之后,许多语法学家都对语法三分制原则进行了研究。其中最著名的是Halliday,他认为,时态是一种语法手段,构建“事件发生时间”与“现在”之间的时间序列(最少一个)的关系,属于概念功能中的逻辑功能。因此,他坚持认为系统功能语法时态应遵循三分制原则。[1]

笔者根据自己的教学实践也认为语法三分制原则是可行的。在此基础上,根据不同时态所体现的时间特点,笔者借助数学中的数轴将不同的时间点或时间段形象化到一条特殊的数轴上,可以称它为:时间轴(Time Axis)。就像数轴描点一样,也可以将时间轴分为三个区分点:过去、现在和将来,它是借用学生所熟悉的数学数轴图,将各种时态所体现的时间点或时间段形象化地描在时间轴上,学生可以借用时间轴来推测、理解和掌握其它的几种时态,这其中涉及到平移问题、实线与虚线问题、直线与弧线问题。

从语义角度,时态是表达概念功能的一种手段,它的选择与语场密切相关。人们在谈论过去事件时,大都选择过去时;谈论现在事件时,选择现在时;谈论将来事件时,选择将来时。这里需要注意的是,图1中表示时态的点只是一种图像上的指代。对于现在时间的看法,早期传统语法学家认为时态反映的是客观或物理时间,因此,现在时间是一个不能延续的点。而现在大多数学者认为时态表示人们对时间的感知,反映主观或语言时间,因此现在时间既可以是一个点也可以是一段间隔。他在谈到小句过程时指出:对于现在时态系统,物质过程的无标记时态是现在时中的现在时,其它无过程的无标记时态是一般现在时。物质过程如果用一般现在时,则强调这个过程是习惯性的或反复进行的。其它过程如心理过程,如果用现在时中的现在时,强调一个心理过程正在开始。笔者认为后者的这种分析更可行、更科学。

然而,在具体运用中,英语时态并不仅仅局限于这三种时态。在做进一步分析时,古典语法学家以描述性方式为准则区分出了五种具体时态:过去完成时,完成时,未完成时,现在时和将来时。十六世纪,Lily,以古典语法为基础,区分了五种具体时态,例如:had loved, have loved, loved/did love, love, will /shall love。[2]

现在,一般认为,英语一共有十六个时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时,一般将来时,将来进行时,将来完成时,将来完成进行时,一般过去将来时,过去将来进行时,过去将来完成时,过去将来完成进行时。但这里只将常用的五种基本时态做以线性分析。这五种常用时态的线性关系如图1所示。

图1 五种常用时态的线性关系图

注:过去、现在和将来是基本的三种时态)

对于图1时态的理解可以和动词的常用时态结合起来,因为英语时态主要通过谓语动词来体现:

(1)关于事实、真理和习惯通常用一般现在时(the Present Indefinite)。

例:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

(2)对于发生在过去时间里的事实或事件通常使用一般过去时(the past Indefinite)。

例:In fact, ancient people celebrated the New Year’s even before they had ways of measuring time.

(3)对于将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一种倾向或习惯性动作通常使用一般将来时(the Future Indefinite)。

例:Perhaps his success will encourage other young player to practice harder in order to realize their own dreams.

(4)对于过去某时前业已发生的动作或情况,通常使用过去完成时(the Past Perfect)。

例:Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

(5)对于发生在过去,但状态一直持续到现在,或许还会持续到将来的事情,通常使用现在完成时(the present perfect)。

例:I've already read this book.

二、结束语

当然,这种方法主要是用一种形象的数学图形方法帮助学生比较容易、正确地理解、记忆、掌握英语时态这一枯燥的语法现象,而且看上去更好地比较、理解各种不同时态的内在联系和区别,从而使他们能更好地学习和运用时态。同时,这种方法还不成熟,还需要不断地改进与完善,以便能让更多的学生去接受它,掌握它,从而为学生的英语学习提供更好的指导与帮助。对于时态的基本构成和具体用法,还需学生自己去认真记忆和实践。

参考文献:

[1]Halliday,M.A.K.1985/1994.An Introction to Functional Grammar[A].

London:Longman.

[2]Matthiessen,C.1996.Tense in English seen through systemic-functional theory[A].

Norwood:Ablex Publishing Corporation.

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