Ⅰ 初二上册英语语法总结
新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【语言目标】
What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach
How often do you eat vegetables? Every day. Most students do homework every day.
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事 30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动
词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词
，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week ,
twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.” “你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle
or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【语言目标】
What’s the matter? I have a headache.
You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
I have a sore back. That’s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ = What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)? = What’ the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医 9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服 = I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息 16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽 18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡 24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康 = keep healthy = keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物, enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事， mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事， give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献 go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻 29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习 31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1． What’s the matter? I have a bad cold.
2．Maybe you should see a dentist.
3．I hope you feel better soon.
4．Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
5．Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 6．People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
7．It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
8．When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.
9．I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
10．I am not feeling very well at the moment.
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches.
11．I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
12．I practice playing the piano every day.
13．She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
14．The doctor asked him to give up smoking.
15．Do you mind closing the window?
16．Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.
17．They kept working though it was raining.
【内容较多，不能全部复制下来。亲，留下邮箱，我发文件给你，很详细，还有定语从句之类的专项讲解 ——逆夏000】
Ⅱ 英语8年级上册书上所有的重点语法（人教版）
资料多,放不下nbsp;新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲(全套)nbsp;Unitnbsp;1:nbsp;Hownbsp;oftennbsp;donbsp;younbsp;exercise?nbsp;1.nbsp;gonbsp;tonbsp;thenbsp;moviesnbsp;去看电影nbsp;2.nbsp;looknbsp;afternbsp;=nbsp;takenbsp;carenbsp;ofnbsp;照顾nbsp;3.nbsp;surfnbsp;thenbsp;internetnbsp;上网nbsp;4.nbsp;healthynbsp;lifestylenbsp;健康的生活方式nbsp;5.nbsp;gonbsp;skatenbsp;boardingnbsp;去划板nbsp;6.nbsp;keepnbsp;healthy=staynbsp;healthynbsp;保持健康nbsp;7.nbsp;exercise=take(much)exercise=donbsp;sports锻炼nbsp;8.nbsp;eatingnbsp;habitsnbsp;饮食习惯nbsp;9.nbsp;takenbsp;morenbsp;exercisenbsp;做更多的运动nbsp;10.nbsp;thenbsp;samenbsp;asnbsp;与什么相同nbsp;11.nbsp;benbsp;differentnbsp;fromnbsp;不同nbsp;12.nbsp;oncenbsp;anbsp;month一月一次nbsp;13.nbsp;twicenbsp;anbsp;week一周两次nbsp;14.nbsp;makenbsp;anbsp;differencenbsp;tonbsp;对什么有影响nbsp;15.nbsp;hownbsp;oftennbsp;多久一次nbsp;16.nbsp;althoughnbsp;=nbsp;though虽然nbsp;17.nbsp;mostnbsp;ofnbsp;thenbsp;students=mostnbsp;studentsnbsp;18.nbsp;shop=gonbsp;shopping=donbsp;somenbsp;shoppingnbsp;购物nbsp;19.nbsp;asnbsp;for至于nbsp;20.nbsp;activitynbsp;survey活动调查nbsp;21.nbsp;donbsp;homework做家庭作业nbsp;22.nbsp;donbsp;housenbsp;work做家务事nbsp;23.nbsp;eatnbsp;lessnbsp;meat吃更少的肉nbsp;24.nbsp;junknbsp;food垃圾食物nbsp;25.nbsp;benbsp;goodnbsp;fornbsp;对什么有益nbsp;26.nbsp;benbsp;badnbsp;for对什么有害nbsp;27.nbsp;wantnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;想做某事nbsp;28.nbsp;wantnbsp;sbnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sth想某人做某事nbsp;29.nbsp;trynbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;尽量做某事nbsp;30.nbsp;comenbsp;homenbsp;fromnbsp;school放学回家nbsp;31.nbsp;ofnbsp;coursenbsp;=nbsp;certainlynbsp;=nbsp;sure当然nbsp;32.nbsp;getnbsp;goodnbsp;grades取得好成绩nbsp;33.nbsp;somenbsp;advicenbsp;34.nbsp;hardly=notnbsp;nearlynbsp;/nbsp;almostnbsp;not几乎不nbsp;35.nbsp;keep/benbsp;innbsp;goodnbsp;health保持健康nbsp;36.benbsp;stressed紧张的，有压力的nbsp;37.nbsp;takenbsp;anbsp;vacationnbsp;去度假nbsp;48.getnbsp;backnbsp;回来nbsp;Unitnbsp;2nbsp;What’snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;1.nbsp;Havenbsp;anbsp;coldnbsp;感冒nbsp;2.nbsp;sorenbsp;backnbsp;背痛nbsp;3.nbsp;necknbsp;andnbsp;necknbsp;并驾齐驱，齐头并进nbsp;4.nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;我胃痛nbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;gotnbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;=nbsp;Therenbsp;isnbsp;somethingnbsp;wrongnbsp;withnbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;=nbsp;Mynbsp;stomachnbsp;hurtsnbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;(got)nbsp;anbsp;painnbsp;innbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;5.nbsp;What’snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;怎么了？nbsp;=nbsp;What’snbsp;thenbsp;troublenbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What’snbsp;yournbsp;trouble?nbsp;=nbsp;What’snbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What’nbsp;thenbsp;matternbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=Whatnbsp;hasnbsp;happenednbsp;tonbsp;you?nbsp;=nbsp;Isnbsp;therenbsp;anythingnbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;what’snbsp;up?nbsp;6.nbsp;sorenbsp;throatnbsp;咽喉痛nbsp;7.nbsp;lienbsp;downnbsp;andnbsp;restnbsp;躺下休息nbsp;8.nbsp;seenbsp;anbsp;dentistnbsp;看牙医nbsp;9.nbsp;drinknbsp;lotsnbsp;ofnbsp;waternbsp;多喝水nbsp;10.nbsp;hotnbsp;teanbsp;withnbsp;honeynbsp;加蜂蜜的热茶nbsp;11.That’snbsp;anbsp;goodnbsp;ideanbsp;好主意nbsp;12.That’snbsp;toonbsp;badnbsp;太糟糕了nbsp;13.Inbsp;thinknbsp;sonbsp;我认为如此nbsp;14.nbsp;I’mnbsp;notnbsp;feelingnbsp;well
Ⅲ 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些
不持之以恒，英语就学不会，这是因为英语是一门十分注重积累的学科。如果能接受这个观点，那你就要持之以恒，否则学习无效………………我是一个高考的过来人。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理：英语很差不可怕，可怕的是你从一开始便接受自己是一个英语差生的“事实”！！！！！虽然我高考已经好多年了，而且今年即将大学毕业，踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢，英语一直是我的排头兵！我对英语的自信还有，我觉得学好英语不难，重要的是你要有恒心，急躁冒进，三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧： 首先先你要端正心态，不要急躁，不管别人考多少分，你做你自己的事，这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路，做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实，英语是单词和语法的综合，所以单词和语法都要拿下。 其次，对于单词，有如下几种方法，第一个，是加强记忆的频度，也就是说，早上记了几个，隔几个小时又看一次，总之一天之内，记忆的间隔不要太长，否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化，第二个，是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜，比如good morning 是狗摸你…（见笑了）…，第三个，最重要的是，记单词的时候，不要忘了阅读，一边记单词，一边看文章，这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来，记忆的效果会加倍，第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆，要形成一个意群，比如，重要性用magnitude magnificence ，表示非常，大大地有exceedingly，tremendously，extremely……这样做在你写作时，是十分有好处的，写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇，你要写高级词汇，比如重要性写magnitude，许多写a multitude of 或者handsome。再次，是语法。学习语法，首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补，什么是系动词，什么是直接宾语，间接宾语，这些是学习语法的基础，语法是房子，主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦 此外，对于完形填空以及阅读理解，那就只能靠平时的练习了，在这个过程中，你要时时总结，纵深对比，千万不要陷入题海战术只做题，不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中，你把各种体型都总结了一遍，积累了丰富的经验，而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度，一举两得，所以做题是很重要的！其实，完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析，也就是说，做完形填空你的语法要好，而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配，短语，特殊用法等，完形填空的语法还是很重要的！对于阅读，我个人感觉是，纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题，只有保证一定的练习量，你才能用质的提高！最后，我建议你，平时读报，或者做题的时候，发现有好的句子好的词汇，你要抄下来，长期下来，你的作文会有提高的，需要说明的是，这个提高过程可能很缓慢，但是最后能收到很好的效果，以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别，靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇，句型，句子。我个人的理解是，在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上，作文便应该以词汇取胜，因为在这个层次上，大家的语法都差不多，没什么变化，唯一有变化的就是你的词汇！给你打个比方吧，很多想到“许多”就用many，但是你别忘了many a ；handsome；massive，innumerable；很多人想到“专家”就写expert，但很少人会想到specialist，很多人在想到“擅长”这词，就写be good at ，却不知还有更高级的表达法：be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才，就体现在这些细微的差别
Ⅳ 八年级上学期英语所有的重要语法+语言点（整理）
1. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 2. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 3. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 11. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 12. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 13. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 15. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 18. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 19. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 20. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 21. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 22. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 23. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 24. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 25. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 26. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 27. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 28. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 29. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 30. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 31. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 32. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 33. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 34. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 35. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 36. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 37. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 38. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 39. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到. 40. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 41. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 42. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 43. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 44. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉 45. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 46. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 47. apply to 与…有关;适用 48. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准 49. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 50. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 51. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 52. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻 53. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 54. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 55. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做… 56. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 57. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法 58. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果 59. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 60. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道. 61. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面 62. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 63. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台 64. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 65. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 66. be based on / upon 基于 67. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 68. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢 69. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语) 70. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义 71. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 72. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 73. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 74. for the better 好转 75. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过. 76. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 77. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 78. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 79. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 80. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 81. out of breath 喘不过气来 82. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 83. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 84. take the floor 起立发言 85. on business 出差办事. 86. be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 87. last but one 倒数第二. 88. last but not least最后一点但也是最重要的一点 89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设 90. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买 91. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的 92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何 93. in case (=for fear that) 万一; 94. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言 95. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 96. be cautious of 谨防 97. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 101. for a change换换环境(花样等) 102. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 103. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管 104. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 105. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 106. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 高考书面表达必背词组 (1) 首先，尤其重要的，最重要的 above all 偶然，无意中 by accident 对（于）…很积极 be active in 合计为 add up to 承让错误 admit one’s mistake 接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s advice 就…提出建议 give advice on 建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth. 后天 the day after tomorrow 毕竟；终究 after all 违心 against one’s will 在…岁时 at the age of 实现目标 achieve one’s aim 在空中；悬而未决 in the air 在户外，在露天里 in the open air 在机场 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 满腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth. 生某人的气 be angry with sb. 通知 make an announcement 相继地，按顺序地 one after another 相互，彼此（三者或三者以上之间）one another 相互（指两者之间）each other 没有回答 give no answer 为…而担心 be anxious about 急于做某事 be anxious to do sth. 分开住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth. 与某人争论某事 argue with sb. about sth. 放在一边 lay sth. aside 请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb. for advice / help 惊讶于… be astonished at sth. 以前，曾经 at one time 注意 pay attention to 对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起（注意，兴趣等）
Ⅳ 初二上册英语语法总结
一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）
He asked what time it was.
3. 如果宾从陈述的是客观真理，时态常用一般现在时
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
语法定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
I．语序的使用
分为以下五种句型结构：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Excuse me,could you tell me which is the way to restrooms,please?劳驾能告诉我去洗手间的路是哪一条？
He doesn't know who lives over there ．他不知道谁住那边
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose bag this was ．他问这是谁的书包。
I wonder how much water there is in the glass．我想知道杯里有多少水
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if(一般用于口语) ／whether（与同音词weather;“天气”的拼写区别,写在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He couldn’t decide if he would buy them．他不能决定是否将买他们。
Could you tell me how I should come up with the problem ？你能告诉我我该怎样解决这个问题？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
I don’t know how many books he has？我不知道他有多少本书？
He didn’t understand which book I was looking for．他不明白我在找哪一本书。
5) 连接词+动词不定式(to+V 动词原形)+... 连接词可以是关系代词和关系副词,what, whose. Which,how long,whom ,who …etc.
Eg:I wonder how to use the computer.我期盼怎样使用电脑
Ⅵ 八年级上学期的英语语法总结（全部）！
一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有:
many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如:
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.
开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。
I have been there dozens of times.
我已去过那儿很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
教室里有许多学生在读英语。
Many a student has(=many students have)visited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数)
很多学生都游览过长城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.
冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示“……中的很多”。 例如:
A great many(of the) graates have found jobs.
毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。
二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如:
Is there much water in the bucket?
桶里有很多水吗?
He always has a great amount of work to do.
他总是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数)。例如:
There is still lots of snow in the garden.
花园里还有许多雪。
There is plenty of rain here.
这儿的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.
大厅里放了很多鲜花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.
橱柜里有许多食物。
在所有这些表示“很多”的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如:
Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人吗?
There isn’t much time left.
剩下的时间不多了。
其它的词语都用于肯定句,日常会话中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of; 正式文体中常用 a great many, a (large) number of, a great deal of, scores of 或 dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等词修饰时,则必须使用 many, much。例如:
The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.
无家可归的人数多达250,000人。
There is too much work to do.
要做的工作太多了。
或者是这样的，你自己看下，哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法：
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句， 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）
疑问代词：
1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词：
When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地，询问地点， Where do you come from?
Why为什么，询问原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四．特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法：
Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，can’t.
can表“能力”，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型：
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示“甚至，更加，还要……”even bigger还要大些，three times表示 “…三倍”，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一．可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：
Lots of= a lot of许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定：wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句：was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句：主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句）
肯定式：主语+动词过去式
否定式：主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是：
How long did + 主语+动词？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？When +did+主语+动词？
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”can’t, 意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.个完整你选择哪个吧！