『壹』 七·八年级英语语法
找到了七年级的,不知道合不合适。
◆ 知识要点回顾 ◆
1 . Could you … ? (你 / 你们……好吗?)句型多用来表示请求,这里的 could 比 can 语气更加委婉、客气和有礼貌,肯定回答多为:OK / All right ! / Certainly ! / Of course . 否定回答常是:Sorry , I / we can’t . (不用couldn’t )。如:
—Could you lend me your dictionary ?
—Of course .
2 . one 不仅可用作基数词表“一”之意,也能用作代词替代前面所提可数名词中的“一个”或代指“任何人”。例:
1 ) One and two is three . 一加二等于三。
2 ) I don’t have pens . Please give one to me . 我没有钢笔,请给我一支。
3 ) One must love one’s country . 任何人都必须爱国。
3 . You’re welcome . 用来回答对方的感谢时,相当于That’s OK . / that’s all right . / Not at all .。如:
—Thank you very much .
— You’re welcome .
4 . too 这个副词作“太”讲时通常修饰形容词或副词(放在其前);作“也”讲时多位于句尾(其前用逗号隔开)。例:
1)Your bag is too big . 你的包太大。
2)Your bag is big , too .你的包也大。
5 . 当名词前有定冠词、指示代词和物主代词修饰时,all 习惯上放在这些限定词之前。例:all my books(我所有的书)。
6 . the other 通常表示两者(部分)中的“另外那个(些)”,而不带定冠词的 other 多用来泛指“另一些”。试比较:
1 ) The twins are English . One is Lucy , the other is Lily . 这对双胞胎是英国人,一个叫露西,另一个叫莉莉。
2 ) I have many friends . Some are teachers , others are police men . 我有很多朋友,一些是教师,另一些是警察。
7 . socks , shoes , trousers , glasses(眼镜)等表示两部分构成的整体东西的名词习惯上用复数形式,如果指“一双(副)”,应用a pair of 短语修饰。例:
a pair of socks(一双短袜),a pair of glasses(一副眼镜)等。
A pair of shoes is under the bed .
8 . 当询问“某人(物)怎么啦?”时,句型常用 What’s wrong with … ? 这里的疑问词 what 不可受汉语的影响误用 how 。例:
—What’s wrong with your kite ? 你的风筝怎么啦?
—It’s broken .它坏了。
9 . worry 作及物动词用时其后习惯上只接人作宾语,意为“使……担心”;worry 用作不及物动词其后能接人或物作宾语,但必须用介词 about ,意为“担心……”。例:
1 ) These apples worry me . 这些苹果使我担心。
2 ) Don’t worry about my lessons . 别担心我的功课。
10 . tea , milk , bread , water , meat , rice 等物质名词均为不可数名词,此类名词无复数形式,其前不可用不定冠词、基数词、指示代词等直接修饰,若表示它们的数量,其前必须加“计量名词 + of ”短语。例:a bottle of orange(一瓶桔汁),two cups of tea(两杯茶)。
但是常可以用:two cups of tea = two teas 两杯茶
11 . It’s time … 句型后接名词或代词时要用 for(介词),后接动词必须用 to(不定式符号),这里的主语 it 不可换用另的代词,且 time 前习惯上不用冠词。例:
1 ) It’s time for class . 该上课了。
2 ) It’s time to play games . 是做游戏的时候了。
注意:It is time for sb to do 该某人干……
12 . something to eat (drink ) 意为“吃(喝)的东西”,to eat ( drink ) 为不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词 something 。例:
We have something to eat now . 现在我们有东西吃。
Ⅱ. 典题赏析
◆ 交际能力与测试指要 ◆
(1)根据所设情景选择最佳答案。如:
1 . — ______ ? — It’s eight thirty .
A . How old is your sister B . What class are you in
C . What’s the time , please D . What number is your car
2 . 当你有事想问别人,应先说声:______ .
A . Excuse me B . I’m sorry C . Hello D . OK
(2)根据对话情景,补全对话。如:
Kate : Hi , Jim . ( 1 ) ?
Jim : Fine , thank you . And you ?
Kate : I’m fine , too . ( 2 ) ?
Jim : Very well , thanks
Kate : ( 3 ) ?
Jim : Class Four .
Kate : ( 4 ) ?
Jim : Room Five .
Kate : Oh , I see .
A . Which is here classroom B . How is your sister
C . How are you today D . What class is she in
解答“情景交际”题首先要清楚所设的情景是哪一类交际项目;其次要清楚在哪种情景下该说什么话,该如何表达自己的思想;还要清楚上下文情景的关系。
具体题还要具体对待。上面题型(1)中的第2小题,直接选A就行了。而第1小题就必须先辨别A、B、C、D四个选项各是什么意思,然后看答句的表达形式,才能依据交际常识判断是C。第(2)小题的一组对话设计了四个问句,这样的题则要根据上下文的内容和交际习惯,与对话一一对应。
选完后一定要默默读上两遍,细心体会一下语感,认真检查一下有无疏漏,最后确定。如果试题有图片,要善于利用图片上的信息,帮助答题,要善于从情景中悟出“天机”。
◆ 交际英语讲练 ◆
※ 问候 ( Greetings )
『贰』 七八年级英语语法要点人教版
初中英语语法总结
( 动词的时态)
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on
Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时
的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour
ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is
time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you
went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you
came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope
等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在
。例如:I thought
you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过
去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例
如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next
month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for
it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new
clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the
room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作
或状态。其构成:have
(has) +过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过
去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,
get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in
1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have
come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to
study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to
get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has
been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past
six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student.
我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several
times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living
by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he
arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she
___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written,
had left D. were writing, had left
答案D.
"把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完
成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明天此时,你已经到达上海了。
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever
等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but
still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost,
haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用
于否定式时可用于完成时。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two
brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose,
imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget,
prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help.
我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow,
decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get,
become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
11.20 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt
himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂
『叁』 我上初三了英语不好偏科,只考30来分,在班里十五名左右,单词语法只会一点,七八年级没有努力
天道酬勤
把课文都背下来, 年轻, 绝对能背下来, 熟读唐诗三百首 不会言诗也会吟
中国回自古就有书读百遍答 其意自见 是很有道理的
相信我,只要能做到背诵课文 语法 am is are 时态语态 迎刃而解! 换句话说,就是上道了。
你这么问,就说明你有这个心,想做好。 我相信你, 可以的。 等你成功以后,请你再用这个方法帮助你的弟弟妹妹。
最后 分享一个记忆的方法。 人的记忆是有记忆曲线的(可以网络一下), 刚记下的东西是浅记忆,隔离15个小时就以极快的速度忘记, 但是如果你在15个小时之内又看了一遍,加深了在脑海中的印象,这个记忆的衰退就大幅放缓, 原来15个小时就忘的东西,可能2,3天才慢慢的忘记; 所以,如果你能在短时间内 连续 复习 你的背诵 你的记忆, 可能每次复习花的时间只是几分钟,甚至就是看个几眼, 但他对你大脑的记忆就极大的增强了。 所以与其花2小时背诵,不如第一遍20分钟背, 第二遍(15小时内)10分钟, 第三遍2天内, 8分钟, 第四遍5分钟 读一读, 这样下来一周一重复, 什么课文背不下来? 时间要计划安排好, 这样更有效率,更重要的是有效果!
『肆』 求人教版英语七年级、八年级重点词语、句型、语法点、作文。
八年级英语上学期重点短语及句型
Unit1
1.watch TV 看电视
2.go to the movies 去看电影
3.on weekends 在周末
4.hardly ever 几乎不
5.how often 多久一次
6.every day 每天
7.once a week 一周一次
8.twice a month 一月两次
9.do homework 做家庭作业
10.the result of……的结果
11.as for 至于,对于
12.read a book 看书
13.junk food 垃圾食品
14.be good/bad for 对…有益/害
15.eating habits 饮食习惯
16.try to do sth.尽力做某事
17.lots of=a lot of许多
18.of course/Sure当然
19.come home from school从学校来到家
20.look after=take care of 照看;照顾
21.a healthy lifestyle 一种健康的生活方式
22.the same as…和…相同
23.be different from…和…不同
24.want to do sth.想要做某事
25.want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
26.want=would like 想要
27.health---healthy<形>
28.healthy 健康的----unhealthy<反义>
29.different 不同的—difference<名>
30.keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
31.although = though 虽然 <不能与but连用>
32.surf the Internet上网
33.three times a week一周三次
34.get good grades 取得好成绩
35.How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡多少个小时?
36.What do you/they usually do on weekends? 你/他们通常在周末做什么?
37.I usually go to the movies. 我通常去看电影.
38.What does he/she often do on Sundays?他/她常常在星期天做什么?
39.He/She often does homework.他/她常常做家庭作业.
40.How often do you shop? 你多久买一次东西?
41.I shop twice a month. 我一月买两次东西.
42.How often does your mother go to the movies?你妈妈多久去看一次电影?
43.She goes to the movies once a week. 她一周去看一次电影.
44.Most students do homework every day. 大多数学生每天都做作业.
Unit 2
1.foot---feet 脚 <复>
2.tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
3.be thirsty 口渴
4.be hungry 饥饿
5.have a headache (患)头痛
6.have a sore back 背痛
7.have a (bad) cold (重)感冒
8.have a sore throat 喉咙痛
9.lie down 躺下
10.have a stomachache 肚子痛
11.hot tea with honey 加有蜂蜜的热茶
12.What’s the matter with sb./sth.?=What’s wrong with sb./sth.?某人/某物怎么啦?
13.see a dentist 看牙医
14.two days ago 两天前
15.have a fever 发烧
16.be stressed out 紧张的
17.go to bed 去睡觉
18.listen to music 听音乐
19.drink some water喝些水
20.for example 例如
21.No problem 没问题
22.too much + 不可数名词 太多的…
23.much too +形/副 实在太…
24.too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…
25.a balanced diet 平衡饮食
26.have a rest 休息
27.be/get tired 累的
28.It’s+形+for sb.+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
eg:It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
29.a few + 可数名词复数 少许…
30.a little + 不可数名词/形/副 一点…
31.at the moment=now 此时,此刻
32.host family 寄宿家庭
33.good idea 好主意
34.I’m sorry to hear that.听到你那样说我感到难过.
35.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
36.I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well我感觉不舒服.
37.maybe 或许<句首> may be <句中>
38.What’s the matter with you?=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?你怎么啦?
39.I have a sore back. 我背痛
40.You should lie down and rest. 你应当躺下休息.
41.He shouldn’t eat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
42.I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你一会儿感觉更好些.
43.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle. 有一种健康生活方式是容易的.
44.I don’t think I’m improving. 我认为我不会有提高.
Unit 3
1.babysit one’s sister 临时照顾某人的妹妹
2.go with sb. 和某人一起去
3.go camping/hiking/fishing/ sightseeing/bike riding 去野营/远足/钓鱼/观光/骑车
4.go away 离开
5.stay at home 呆在家
6.plan to do sth. 计划做某事
7.at night =in the evening 在晚上
8.That sounds + 形 那听起来…
9.on the twelfth 在12号
10.What/How about…<名/代/动名词> …怎么样呢?
11.on Monday 在星期一
12.next week 下周
13.send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 送某人某物
14.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
15.how long 多久
16.How is the weather?=What’s the weather like? 天气怎么样?
17.think about考虑
18.go back to school 回到学校
19.go back home 回到家
20.take walks=have walks=go for a walk 散步
21.take a vacation 度假
22.something different 不同的东西
23.in the countryside 在乡下
24.finish doing sth. 做完某事
25.decide on… 决定
26.decide to do sth. 决定做某事
27.rent videos 租影碟
28.have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
29.this time 这次
30.next time =another time 下次
31.relax at home 在家休闲
32.too long 太久
33.Can I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗?
34.What are you/they doing for vacation? 你/他们假日要做什么?
35.I’m/We’re/They’re watching TV. 我/我们/他们要看电视.
36.What’s he/she doing for vacation? 他/她在假日里要做什么?
37.He/She is going camping. 他/她要去野营.
38.When are you/they going? 你/他们要何时去?
39.I’m/We’re/They’re going on Tuesday. 我/我们/他们要星期二去.
40.When is he/she going? 他/她要何时去?
41.He/She is going on the twentieth. 他/她要在20号去.
42.How long are you staying? 你要呆多久?
43.I’m staying for three days.我只呆三天.
44.That sounds interesting.那听起来很有趣.
45.Show me your photos when we get back to school. 当我们回到校时把你的相片给我看.
46.I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside. 我正在计划在美丽的乡下消遣.
47.I hear that Luzhou is a good place to go sightseeing. 我听说泸州是一个观光的好地方.
48.I don’t like going away for too long. 我不喜欢离开太久.
Unit 4
1.get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达
2.get up 起床
3.take the bus/subway/train/taxi/boat (to…) 坐汽车/地铁/火车/出租车/船(去…) =(go to… )by bus/subway/train/taxi/boat/bike 坐<骑>汽车/地铁/火车/出租车/船/自行车(去…)
4.on a bus/train/subway/plane/bike 坐<骑>汽车/火车/地铁/飞机/自行车
5.ride a bike(bicycle) 骑自行车
6.on foot 步行
7.from…to… 从…到…
8. in a car/taxi/boat 坐小车/的士/船
9.leave for… 动身去…
10.the early bus 早班车
11.how far多远
12.think of 考虑/想到
13.around the world=all over the world全世界
14.the school bus 校车
15.depend on 决定于…
16.in the other parts of the world 在世界的其它地方
17.a small number of… 少数…
18.in the hospital 在医院里
19.in Chinese 用汉语
20.Don’t worry. 别担心.
21.so much 这么多
22.at around half past six 大约在六点半
23.half an hour=thirty minutes 半小时
24.bus station 汽车站
25.bus stop 汽车站
26.It takes sb. some time to do sth.=Sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事.
27.need to do sth.需要做某事.
28.How do you get to school?你怎样到校?
29.I walk/I tak a bus. 我走路/坐汽车.
30.How does he get to his uncle’s house? 他怎样到他叔叔家的?
31.He rides a bike. 他骑自行车去.
32.How far is it? 它有多远?
33.It’s ten kilometers. 有十千米.
34.How long does it take you to get from home to school? 从你家到学校要花多长时间?
35.It takes about half an hour. 大约要花半个小时.
36.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus. 那一定要比坐汽车有趣得多.
37.How can I get to….? 我怎样到达…?
38.by water=by boat 坐船
39.by air=by plane 坐飞机
Unit 5
1.study for a test 复习考试
2.go to the doctor 去看病
3.have/take a piano lesson 上钢琴课
4.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
5.help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
6.Thank you for sth./doing sth. 为…而感谢
7.have/has/had to do =must do 不得不;必须
8.come over to… 顺便来访
9.the day after tomorrow 后天
10.keep quiet 保持安静
11.I’d love/like to. 我愿意.
12.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午
13.have a party 开晚会
14.come to the party 来参加聚会
15.visit sb.拜访某人
16.go to the concert去音乐会
17.write soon 尽快回信
18.play tennis with sb. 和某人一起打网球
19.What’s today? 今天星期几?
20.It’s Monday the 14th. 星期一,14号.
21.be free 有空---be busy 繁忙的
22.all day = the whole day 整天
23.Can you come to my party on Wednesday? 星期三你能来参加我的聚会吗?
24.Sure,I’d love to. 当然啦,我愿意去.
25.I’m sorry, I have to go to the doctor. 对不起,我得去看病.
26.That’s too bad.Maybe another time. 真遗憾.也许改天吧.
27.Thanks for asking (inviting) me/your invitation. 谢谢你邀请我.
28.I have too much homework this weekend.这个周末我有太多的家庭作业. 29.I’m going to my cousin’s birthday party. 我要去参加我表兄的生日聚会.
30.Can you come to the movies with us on Friday? 你星期五能和我们一起去看电影吗?
Unit 6
1.good/well 好---better---best
2.many/much 许多---more---most
3.bad/ill---worse---worst 最坏 4.far---farther/further---farthest/furthest 最远
5.little 小的,少的---less---least
6.look the same=look like 看起来像
7.in some ways在某些方面
8.as you can see 正如你能看到的
9.look different 看起来不同
10.in common 共同的
11.as +<形/副原级> +as …与…一样
12.not as/so…as… …不如…
13.more than=over 多于,超过
14.be good at/do well in sth./doing sth. 爱好于…
15.make sb. +do 使某人…
16.have good grades 成绩优良
17.be good with sb. 善于与某人相处
18.call…at +电话号码 拨…找…
19.stop doing sth. 停止做某事
20.stop to do sth. 停下来做某事
21.begin with..以…开始
22.most of……中的大多数
23.primary school 小学
24.both…and… 两者都
25.laugh at…嘲笑…
26.a little+比较级 …一点儿
27.much/far+比较级 …得多
28.even/still+比较级 更/还…
29.A +be+比较级+than+B A比B更…
30.A+be as +原级+as B A与B一样…
31.A good friend likes to do the same things as me.好朋友喜欢跟我做一样的事情.
32.I like to have friends who are like me/who are different from me. 我喜欢和我个性一样/不一样的朋友.
33.We both enjoy going to parties. 我们俩都喜欢去参加聚会.
34.Although my hair is shorter than hers. 尽管我的头发比她的短. 35.thin---fat 胖的<反义词>
36.tall---short 矮的<反义词>
37.long---short 短的<反义词>
38.calm---wild 粗鲁的<反义词>
39.interest兴趣---interesting/interested <形>
40.my twin sister 我双胞姐姐
Unit 7
1.take off 脱下
2.put on 穿上
3.cut up 切碎
4.turn on 打开
5.turn off 关掉
6.mix up混合在一起
7.put…away 把…收起来
8.take away拿走
9.Let me think让我想想
10.a slice of bread 一片面包
11.two teaspoons of honey 两汤匙蜂蜜
12.two cups of yogurt 两杯酸奶
13.a kilo of tomatoes 一公斤西红柿
14.two bowls of water两碗水
15.two baskets of apples两篮苹果
16.a bag of tea一袋茶叶
17.add…to…把…加到…上
18.pour…into… 倒…到…里
19.put…in(into)…放…在(到)…里
20.on the top 在顶部
21.first 首先
22.next 接着
23.then 然后
25.finally=at last 最后
26.an onion 一个洋葱
27.in the bowl 在碗里
28.sandwich---sandwiches <复>
29.Let’s do sth. 让我们做…
30.How many +可数名词复数+一般疑问句?<对可数名词数量提问>
31.How much +不可数名词+一般疑问句?<对不可数名词数量提问>
32.How much+一般疑问句?<对价钱提问>
33.How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样制作香蕉奶昔?
34.How many bananas do you need? 你需要多少香蕉?
35.How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶?
36.We need two oranges and two cups of milk. 我们需要两个桔子和两杯牛奶.
37.Do you like lettuce in sandwiches? 你喜欢在三明治里放生菜吗?
38.peel three bananas 剥三个香蕉
Unit 8
1.hang out with…和…闲逛
2.take photos/pictures照相
3.go to the zoo去动物园
4.go to the aquarium 去水族馆
5.go to the beach 去海滩
6.buy a souvenir 买一份纪念品
7.buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人
8.give sb. sth.=give sth.to sb.把某物给某人
9.pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.递某物给某人
10.get one’s autograph 得到某人的亲笔签名
11.win a prize 得了一个奖
12.win the first prize 得了冠军
13.Visitors’ Center 游客中心
14.on the school trip 在学校旅游中
15.at the end of… 在…的尽头
16.watch a dolphin show 观看海豚表演
17.day off 休息日
18.have fun doing sth. 做某事有趣
19.That sounds interesting. 那听起来很有趣.
20.go for a drive 去兜风
21.sleep late 睡懒觉
22.have/take a class 上课
23.on my next day off 在我下一个休息日
24.see you soon再见
25.How was your day off? 你的休息日过得怎样?
26.(have) a yard sale (进行)庭院旧货出售
27.in the future 未来,将来
28.have/eat…for breakfast/lunch/dinner 早餐/午餐/晚餐吃…
29.take the bus back to school 坐公共汽车回到学校
30.in the rain 在雨中
31.in the sun 在太阳下
32.in the yard 在院子里
33.come back from… 从…回来
34.what else 别的什么
35.after that 之后
36.How was your school trip?你的学校旅游怎样?
37.What did you do last Sunday? 上周星期天你做了些什么?
38.①.There is(was)+可数名词单数(不可数名词)+somewhere.②There are(were)+可数名词复数+somewhere 某处有…
39.How was the weather yesterday? 昨天天气如何?
40.Did you clean the classroom yesterday? 你昨天打扫了教室了吗? 41.Were there any sharks? 有鲨鱼吗?
42.win 赢<动>---winner 获胜者<名>
Unit 9
1.be born 出生
2.world record 世界纪录
3.hiccupping world record 打嗝世界纪录
4.sb. has world record for…某人有….的世界纪录
5.play…for national team为国家队打…球
6.start/begin to do sth./doing sth.开始做某事
7.learn to do sth. 学习做某事
8.first have a party 第一次举行聚会
9.a comedy called/named…一部名叫….的喜剧
10.too+形<原级>+to+do 太…而不能…
11.a piece of music 一首音乐
12.at the age of…=when sb. be …(years old) 在…岁时
13.take part in…=join 参加
14.hum songs 哼歌
15.major in 主修
16.women’s singles 女子单打
17.because of.. 因为…
18.all his free time他所有的空闲时间
19.talk about 谈论
20.see sb. do sth.<已做>=see sb. doing sth.<正在做> 看见某人做某事 21.in the 70-year history of…在70年…的历史中
22.69 years and 5 months 69年零5个月
23.in October 2000 在2000年10月
24.on May 2nd ,1983 在1983年5月2号
25.a famous tennis player 一个有名的网球运动员
26.for example 例如
27.well-known=famous 有名的,著名的
28.When were you born? 你何时出生的?
29.He was born in 1988.他出生于1988年.
30.How long did he hiccup?他打嗝打了多久?
31.He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 他打了69年零5个月的嗝. 32.When did he stop hiccupping? 他何时停止打嗝的?
33.You are never too young to start doing things. 你决不要因为年轻就不去做一些事情.
34.How old were you when you started learning English? 当你开始学英语时多少岁?
35.He spends all his free time with his grandson. 他所有的空闲时间和他的孙子一起度过.
36.science 科学---scientist 科学家
37.piano 钢琴---pianist 钢琴家
38.violin 小提琴---violinist小提琴家
39.tour 游览---tourist 旅游者
Unit 10
1.grow up 长大
2.computer programmer 电脑程序设计员
3.take acting lessons 上表演课
4.professional basketball player 职业篮球运动员
5.save money 存钱
6.at the same time 同时
7.somewhere interesting 有趣的地方
8.fashion shows 时装展览
9.I’m not sure yet. 我还不能确定.
10.a year or two =one or two years 一两年
11.hold art exhibitions 举办艺术展览
12.make the soccer team 组建足球队
13.find a part-time job 找到一份兼职工作
14.play an instrument 弹奏乐器
15.make a resolution 制定计划
16.get letters from...=hear from… 收到…的来信
17.communicate (better) with…与…(更好地)交流
18.move to…搬到…
19.a foreign language 一门外语
20.New Year’s Resolutions 新年计划
21.study math really hard 刻苦认真地学习数学
22.practise doing sth. 练习做某事
23.at an art school 在艺术学校
24.exchange student 交换生
25.What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大了打算做什么?
26.How are you going to do that? 你打算怎样做?
27.I’m going to do what I want to do. 我要做自己想做的事.
28.I’m going to move somewhere interesting. 我要搬到有趣的地方.
29.An old lady found a job as a foreign language teacher.一位老太太找了一份外语教师的工作.
30.I want to be a reporter for a fashion magazine. 我想当一名时装杂志的记者.
31.last year 去年
32.this year 今年
33.next year 明年
34.talk with…与…交谈
35.athlete=player 运动员
36.love---loving/lovely <形>
37.grandchild---grandchildren<复>
『伍』 七八年级英语语法要点浙教版
be angry with sb 对某人生气
with the help of 在。。。的帮助下
have troubie in doing sth 做某事有麻烦
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
sb be allowedto do sth 某人被允许做某事
look good on sb 穿在某人身上好看
get along with sb 与某人相处
would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事不愿做某事
try to do sth 努力做某事
remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事
prefer sb to sb 喜欢某人甚于某人
offer sb sth 提供某人某物
ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议
what if 如果。。将会怎么样?
escape from 从。。逃跑
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
attempt to do sth 企图做某事
be good for。。对。。有益
be bad for。。对。。有害
stay away from 与。。保持距离
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
hold on to sth 坚持某事
provide sth for sb/provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物
be home to sb 是某人的家
be similar to sb/sth 与某人/某物相仿、相似
sth be invented by sb 某物被某人发明
be used for doing sth 用来做某事
give sb a ride 顺便带某人
leave sth at home 把某物忘在家里
be used to 习惯于。。
be supposed to do sth 应该做某事
have fun with sb 和某人玩的开心
be annoyed with sb 生某人的气
make sb tense 使某人紧张
wait for sb 等待某人
leave sb a note 给某人留一个便条
chat with sb 与某人聊天
ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
get on well with sb 与某人相处的好
hear of sth/sb 听说某事/某人
talk to sb【单方】/talk with sb【双方】和某人谈话
forget to do sth 忘记做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做了某事
sth be difficult for sb 做某事对某人有困难
laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
start to do sth 开始做某事
warry about sth/sb 担心某事/某人
send sb to some place 把某人送到某地
watch sb 关注某人
agree to do sth 同意去做某事
agree with sb 同意某人意见、观点
stop doing sth 停止正在做某事
would like to do sth 想做某事
give time to do sth 给时间做某事
have an opportunity to do sth 有机会做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be strict with sb 对某人严格
be strict in sth 对某事严格
wake sb up 叫醒某人
help sb do sth /doing sth/to do sth 帮助某人做某是
decide to sth(决定做某事)
1.tell sb to do sth
2.ask sb to do sth
3.not`````at all(一点也不)
4.buy sth for sb
5 give sb sth
6.want sb to do sth
7.ask sb for sth
8.advice doing sth
9.advice sb to do sth
10.be angry with sb
11.hear sb do sth (听见某人做了某事)
12.hear sb doing sth(听见某人正在做某事)
13.let sb do sth
14.have\has sb do sth(让某人做某事)
15.make sb do sth
16.finish doing sth
17.show sb sth
18.plan to do sth(计划做某事)
19.decide to sth(决定做某事)
20.be good at +v.ing
『陆』 2013人教版八年级英语上册grammar focus全部句子翻译
翻译如下
1、
你假期去哪了呀?我去了纽约啊.
那你和谁一起去的呢?没有.没有人这里没有人.大家都在度假,你有没有买什麼特别的东西呢?
是的,我买了一些礼物给我爸爸.不,我没有买.
那边的食物怎麼样?所有食物尝起来都很美味.
每个人都过得愉快吗?是的.那里的人和那里的事全都好棒。
2.
哪间电影院是最棒的呢?Town Cinema.离家最近并且买票是最快.
在小镇里哪家服装店是最差的呢?Dream Clothes.它比Blue Clothes还要差.它的服务是最差的。
你觉得970AM怎样?我认为970AM是非常很糟糕的.他的音乐非常差。
3.
你想看新闻吗?好的.我想;不.我不想。
你觉得脱口秀怎样?我并不介意它们/我不能容忍它们/我很喜欢它们。
你打算今晚看什么?我打算看一本叫我们过去的日子的书。
你希望你可以从情景喜剧中学到什么东西呢?你可以学一些很棒的笑话。
你为什麼喜欢看新闻?因为我想知道全世界各地都在发送什么。
4.
你长大以后想做什么呢?我想成为一名工程师.
你要怎样才能成为一名工程师呢?我要加油学习数学。
你要去哪里工作了呢?我要搬到上海去。
你什么时候开始呢?当我完成高中和大学后就开始。
5.
世界将会变得怎样?城市将会有更多污染,树木将会越来越少。
100年后人类还会用钱吗?不,人类不会再继续使用钱,所有东西都会免费。
世界会和平吗?世界会和平,我希望如此。
孩子会在家里用电脑学习吗?是的,他们将不会去学校。
6.
我想我会坐公交去参加聚会。 如果那样做,你会迟到的。
我想我会呆在家里。 如果你那样做,你会后悔的。
如果他们今天举办聚会的话会怎么样? 如果他们举办聚会,班里有一半的人不会参加。
我们应该让人们去拿食物吗? 如果我们让人们去拿食物,他们只会拿薯片和巧克力。
7.
你这周六能来参加我的聚会吗? 当然,我很乐意。
你明天晚上能去看电影吗? 当然,听起来不错,但是我恐怕不能去,因为我得了流感。
他能来参加聚会吗? 不,他不能,他要帮他父母做事。
她能来看棒球比赛吗? 不,她没空,她要去看医生。
他们能去看电影吗? 不,他们没空,他们可能得去和朋友碰面。
(6)七八年级英语所有语法点扩展阅读:
语法是语言的重要组成部分,是语言学习的重要环节。每种语言都有自身的语法体系。要想真正学会正确、地道的英语,就必须学习掌握英语语法,学好语法,可以起到以一知十,触类旁通的作用。
了解组成语言的单词词类:名词、 形容词、 代词、 动词、 副词、 介词、 连词、 感叹词,和冠词。你必须了解句子的组成部分以及它们在句子中的作用,才能用对正确的句子 。
只是单纯的学习语法效果是不好的,当你学过一个语法规则后,要去读英文文章,听英语广播。在这些英语材料中寻找自己学过的语法规则,如此才能更好地掌握英语语法。
阅读儿童读物。如果你的英语水平还不是很高,可以先从儿童读物读起。虽然儿童读物不是语法教科书,但它们是经刻意编写用来教语言的基础知识的,包括基本的单词和拼写,规则和不规则的名词和动词等。
广泛阅读各种材料(学会借助电子词典阅读电子书,可以极大提高查词效率)。通过学习其他作者是如何使用语言的来提高你对语法的理解。
专注于阅读不同的体裁和风格的文章,如经典文学,教科书,科幻小说,科学书籍,报纸,期刊,传记,博客,散文和论文等。阅读时,注意关注其中的语法点,文章中句子的结构,词序,拼写和创造性的变化。
尝试仿照这种语法写出类似的句子。 也就是说你不能只是看懂文章大概意思,而是需要你反复阅读几次弄懂其中的一些语法点。
听英语广播,收看英语电视节目。注意节目中讲话的人是怎么使用英语的,他们是如何遣词造句的 。尝试跟读模仿他们所说的话,以理解句子的结构并扩大你的词汇量。
当然,也不要太在意每次所犯的错误,好的语法能力正是在不断犯错并修正之后练习出来的。英语有非常多规则和特例,即使是英语母语者也不一定掌握了正确的语法。
多做语法练习题。现在有许多网站和应用程序可以提供语法练习游戏,您可以下载到电脑或手机上,以一种有趣的方式来学习语法。这些游戏大多会提供错误的答案的解释,可以帮助你改正语法错误。
每天都练习写作,通过写作来练习并掌握语法规则。用英语记日记、 编写短篇小故事,甚至只是给朋友或家人写写电子邮件。把精力集中在你不熟悉的语法规则和你经常重复犯错误的地方。不要仅仅依靠语法检查程序。第一,检查程序也可能也会犯错。
第二,如果你不自己做改正工作,你将不会从错误中学到东西。如果你使用语法检查或校对服务,花点时间去看一下他们做了什么改动,你才可以学会正确的语法规则。
做汉译英练习,找一段有中英对照的文章,把中文句子或文章翻译成英文。翻译的时候,不要逃避困难的语法,不要只是在心里翻译,一定要用笔或电脑把翻译写出来。
刚开始翻译的时候,先找些简单的文章,比如儿童读物,接着再翻译报纸杂志上的文章,最后可以买一些专业的口译书籍来做翻译练习。
着重学习易混淆词之间的区别,英语有很多单词声音或拼写相同,含义却很不相同。这些同形异义词,同音异义词,同形异音词和同音异形词非常容易混淆,并导致常见的错误。记住这些常见的错误可以帮助你避免经常犯错误。
正确使用标点符号,标点符号是语言的重要组成部分,它标明了句子的开始,停止,暂停,和句与语之间的关系。不正确的标点符号可能导致你所传达的意思混淆或不能被理解。英语中有许多与标点符号有关的错误,如逗号:在一个长句里的独立从句之间没有合适的连词时也没有使用逗号。
多使用主动语态,在一个主动句中,主体是执行行动的事物;在被动句中,主体受到外力的作用。虽然被动语态没有什么错,但它容易使表达不清晰。因此,你应该多使用主动语态。当然使用被动语态也是可以接受的,特别是要强调某些事情时。
正确使用反身代词。反身代词有myself, yourself, himself,herself,itself, ourselves, yourselves和 themselves。这些代词可以用来表指代或强调。反身代词仅作为句子中的宾语。
如果将反身代词从句子中删除并不影响句子的含义,那这里的反身代词起得就是强调作用。如果删除反身代词会影响句子完整的意思,那它起的就是指代作用。
找到一个好的语法老师是确保你理解一门语言基本语法的好方法之一。寻求有资格教你的人的帮助。但如果要花大价钱的话,那就完全没有必要了。在如今网络如此发达的情况下,网络上已经有很多相当优秀的老师分享的免费课程可供你学习。
广泛阅读语法书。语言是在不断发展和变化的,英语的语法规则并不是一成不变的。有许多不同风格的语法书籍,以不同的方式讲解英语语法,多阅读一些不同风格的语法书是很好的语法学习方式。它们从不同的层面让你更好地了解语法的基本原理,并告诉你语言的适应性和它的灵活性。
查找在线资源。随着网络越来越发达,网络上有大量可靠的语法课程。
『柒』 人教版七八年级初中英语主要语法时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
过去将来时
过去完成时
『捌』 七,八年级英语语法汇总
一、词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is ***.
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
『玖』 义务教育教科书英语go for it七八年级涉及语法
太多了
就总结一下吧。
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 )
『拾』 七八年级的英语语法
初中英语语法总结
( 动词的时态)
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on
Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时
的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour
ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is
time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you
went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you
came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope
等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在
。例如:I thought
you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过
去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例
如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next
month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for
it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new
clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the
room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作
或状态。其构成:have
(has) +过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过
去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,
get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in
1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have
come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to
study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to
get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has
been married for six years.