『壹』 高二英语语法的重点和难点!
非谓语动词(包括不定式,现在分词,过去分词)
虚拟语气
倒装句
复习被动语态(包括各种常见的时态的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动形式)
复习IT的用法
『贰』 急需高二英语必修5的重点语法考试必出的!!!!
省略句 强调句 课本后面单词前面的那些语法保证全考
『叁』 高二英语都学习哪些语法
非谓语的四种形式;倒装
『肆』 高二英语重点语法有哪些
高二英语语法重点之一:定语从句
1. 定语从句的基本概念
定语从句在复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词在先行词与定语从句之间起纽带作用。关系词代表着先行词并在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。如:
He is the man who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
分析:the man就是先行词;修饰the man的who lives next door就是定语从句;who是关系词,它代表先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
2. 关系词代词和关系副词的用法
依照关系词在从句中的用法差异,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, whose等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等,关系副词有when, where, why等,在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下:
(1)关系代词的用法:先行词是人,在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose;先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时,关系代词常被省略。如:
A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller。开店售书的人叫做书商。
He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是唯一可能使他听从劝告的人。
he was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
(2)关系副词的用法:关系副词有when, where, why等,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、在点和原因。When通常放在time, day, season, age, occasion等时间的名词后;where通常放在place, city, town, village, house, case, point, situation等地点名词后;why通常只放在reason后。如:
Have you set the day when you will move? 你搬迁的日子定了吗?
The book is on the table where you left it. 书在桌子上,你放在那里的。
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
3. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的比较
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用,若去掉,先行词的意思就不明确,它是不可缺少的一部分,它与先行词的关系密不可分,不可用逗号将其分开。而非限制性定语从句只是对先行词起补充说明作用,它可有可无,与先行词关系松散,通常用逗号将其分开。因此,有无逗号是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。在限制性定语从句中that可以代替who, whom和which等;但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如:
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他以前未见过她,这不是事实。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽,玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
注意:关系副词when, where可引导非限制性定语从句,但关系副词why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句。如:
4. 习惯上要用that引导的定语从句
指事物时,在下列情况下,人们通常用that,而不用which。
(1)当先行词为不定代词时:当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时,或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时,通常用that。如:
All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。
There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。
(2)当涉及序数词或最高级时:当先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时,通常用that。如:
This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
(3)当涉及the very, the only, the same时:当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that。如:
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
(3)当先行词包括人和物时:此时通常用that。如:
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
5. 通常要用that引导的定语从句
在下列情况下,通常不用that引导定语从句:
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时:此时不能用that,而要根据情况选用who, whom或which等。如:
Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excited. 我昨天碰到了玛丽,她显得很兴奋。
(2)直接在介词后用作宾语时:此时不用that,而要用whom或which。如:
This is the person to whom your father spoke just now. 这是刚才你父亲和他说话的那个人。
(3)当定语从句被分隔时:当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时,不宜用that,而用who, whom或which。如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
6. 关系代词who与whom的区别
两者均只用于人,从理论上说,who 为主格,whom为宾格,但实际上,除非在正式文体中,宾格关系代词 whom 往往省略不用,或用who或that代之。如:
The man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。
不过,值得注意的是,直接跟在介词后面作宾语时,只能用 whom,而且不能省略。如:
She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来,我以前都没见过。
另外,引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时,who 和 whom均可用,但以用 whom 为佳,此时也不能省略。如:
This is Jack, who [whom] you haven’t met before. 这是杰克,你以前没见过。
7. 关系代词as和which的区别
(1)互换的情况:两者有时可互换。如:
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的。
(2)只有as的情况:以下两种情况,习惯只用as,不用which。
①在such, as, the same后引导定语从句时只能用ash。如:
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It’s the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。
This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。
② 当从句位于主句前面时,只用 as。如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的。
(3)值得注意的情况:以下三种情况值得注意。
①as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,但which无此限制。比较:
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出国了,这是大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
②as 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词,而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念,而which 则无此限制。如:
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
③当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时,其谓语通常应是连系动词,而不宜是其他动词,而 which则无此限制:
She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了,这似乎很自常。
She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了,这使我们很高兴。(不用as)
8. 先行词是时间或地点的定语从句
先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时,代表先行词的关系词若在定语从句中作状语,用关系副词when或where引导,when和which相当于“介词+which”;若在定语从句中作主语或宾语,就用关系代词which或that来引导。
确定用关系代词还是用关系副词的简便方法是:看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语,若缺,用关系代词;若不缺,用关系副词。如:
That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗?
9. 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,若关系代词紧靠在介词后,先行词是人时,用whom,先行词是物时,用which,不用who或that,关系代词whom和which不能省略。至于用什么介词,一般可由定语从句的谓语与先行词之间需要加是什么介词来搭配才讲得通来确定。如:
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize. 我把他名字称呼错了,为此我表示歉意。
10. 关系代词作定语的定语从句
关系代词在从句中作定语表示所属关系,先行词是人,表示“先行词这个人的…”,用whose;先行词是事物,表示“先行词这个事物的…”,用whose…或the…of which或of which…都可以。如:
In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still. suffers. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。
The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆,其中有一些是失而复得的。
另外,还要注意以下这类定语从句,which也是用作定语:
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能迟到,因此我们应该等她。
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他发脾气了,这时我就决定回家了。
He was appointed Lord Chancellor, in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命为大法官,在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。
11. of whom / which引导的定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中,先行词作为一个整体,表示整体中的一部分,即表示“部分与整体”的关系时,用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同,这里不能用whose来代替of which。如:
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人,它们被愤怒的人群包围着。
I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果,其中有一些伤得很厉害。
I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋,六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。
12. the way后面的定语从句
the way后面的定语从句,关系词若在从句中作状语,相当于“用这种方式 / 方法(=in this way)”时,通常不用关系词,偶尔用that,在较正式的文体里才用in which来引导。如:
Do it the way you were taught. 要照教你的那样做。
I was impressed by the way in which she did it. 她干成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
注意:way后不能用how引导定语从句,但也可以不用way,而直接用how引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。如:
That’s the way he did it.= That’s how he did it. 他就是这样做的。
另外,当先行词way表示方向时,不用任何关系词。如:
Was that the way she went? 她是往那个方向走的吗?
13. 分隔定语从句
定语从句一般紧靠在先行词之后,但有时它与先行词之间被一个定语、状语或谓语分隔开来,这种定语从句就叫分隔定语从句。如:
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you English. 教你们英语的新老师明天来。(先行词与定语从句被will come tomorrow分开了)
『伍』 高二英语语法
您好!希望能够帮助您!
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容,或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开,常常单独翻译。没有它,主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who, whom,whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when,where等,作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。
一、as引导非限制性定语从句时,可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等动词的主、被动语态句。
1. ____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A.It B.As C.That D.What
2.Mike,as we expected,attended the meeting.像我们所期望的那样,迈克参加了会议。
3.He wasn't unconsicious,as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去知觉,这从他的眼神可以判断出来。
二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。
I.指代主句的全部或部分内容时,常表事实、状态、起因等,有“这就使得、这一点”等意思,常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。
1.Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,,of course,madethe others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
II.指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。
1.在“n./pron./num....+prep.+ which”,“prep.+which”定语从句里。 1)They talked about a movie,the name of which I've never forgotten.他们谈论过一部电影,我决不会忘记片名。
2)In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,16.5 of which were won by women.在悉尼奥运会,中国队夺得了28枚金牌,其中16.5枚是女子夺得的。
3)China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有数千个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾岛。
4)Chaplin went to the states in 1910,by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.卓别林1910年去了美国,那时他已学会跳舞和演喜剧了。
2.表唯一性,或者就是指代先行词的事物时。
The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long.大坝长3,830米,是世界上最大的坝。
3.先行词是独一无二的事物时。
The moon,which doesn't give out light itself,is only a satellite of the earth.月球本身不发光,它只是地球的一个卫星。
4.先行词表示类属的事物时。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界都踢足球。
5.先行词是专有名词时。
1)Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China,the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt.世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城,埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝,它也在埃及。
2)The Nile,which used to flood every year,now runs more regularly below the dam.尼罗河年年涨洪水,现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。
6.先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词,作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。
Mike's brother is a policeman,which he isn't.迈克的哥哥是警察,他可不是。
7.先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。
Li Ling is very clever,which Li Long isn't.李玲很聪明,李珑可不是。
8.先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。
My family,which has 35 people,is a large one.我家有35口人,是一个大家庭。
9.先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。
Last year he went to Egypt,which is in Africa.他去年去了埃及,埃及在非洲。
三、as,which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时,表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别,又在主句末时,有时可以通用。
1.He is quite pleased,as /which can be seen from his face.他非常高兴,从他的表情可以看出来。
2.You always work hard,as /which everyone knows.大家都知道,你一向勤奋学习。
但是,上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时,就只能用as。
3.This elephant is like a snake,as anybody can see.像任何人都能看见那样,这头象像条蛇。
4.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.竹子是空的,这就使得它很轻。 在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里,一般用which引导。
5.He came to my birthday party,which I didn't expect at all.我完全没有想到,他来参加我的生日聚会了。
四、who,whom,whose等引导非限制性定语从句时,指代人的普通名词、专有名词等。表示正是或专指先行词等情况。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
1.Bob's father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt.鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程,在埃及度过了四年。
2.Dad,this is Zheng Jie,who I knew in Paris.爸,这是郑杰,我在巴黎认识的。 这一句是用主格who代替宾格 whom。
3.His mother,whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他非常爱戴他的母亲,她死于 1818年。
4.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重伤,他很快就被送去住院了。
n./pron./num....prep.whom;prep. whom;in whose +n.;the +n.of whom等引导非限制性的定语从句。
5.He spoke of a pen-friend,the name of whom /whose name I've never forgotten.他提到过一个笔友,他的名字我从未忘记。
6.About 2,000people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the project.大约两千人从事过这项工程,其中很多是欧洲人。
7.In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Liu.他办公室有9个职员,其中最年轻的是刘先生。
8.I decided to write about Chaplin,one of whose films I had seen several years before.我决定写有关卓别林的文章,他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。
9.We went to hear this famous singer, about whom we had heard many stories.我们去听这个著名的歌唱家演唱。我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事。 品黄黑MYK
10.Mr Pattis,in whose office Ms King was working,was very surprised when he found out her secret.金女士在帕蒂思办公室工作。他发现她的秘密时感到非常惊奇。
五、when,where引导非限制性定语从句时,作定语从句的状语。when =and then, where =and there。why不引导非限制性定语从句。
1.He was quickly taken to hospital,where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs.金先生很快被送去住院,在那里一个医生要检查他的腿。
2.We will put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy.我们把郊游推迟到下个星期,那时我们不会那么忙了。
3.He went to America in 1912,where and when he was noticed by an important film director.他在1912年去了美国,当时他在那里引起了一个重要电影导演的注意。
在prep.where /when非限制性定语从句里,where =there,when =then。
4.His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.他的头很快从第二层楼的一个窗户伸出来了,从那里他只能看见树木。
5.That was in 1929,since when things have been better.那是在1929年,从那时起情况就已经好转了。
6.I went to bed at ten,before when I was reading for an hour.我10点去睡觉,在那时以前我看了1小时的书。
有时候where /when可以用prep.which替换。
7.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家,在那里他们将自由地保留黑人奴隶。
8.I still remembered January 10,on which /when he came to see me.我仍然记得1月10日,那一天他来看我了。
练习题:用所给的词语填空。少数可以用多次。
A.as B.which C.who D.whom E.whose F.when G.where H.by which time I.from which J.from whom K.north of which L.some of whom M .the biggest of which
1.Dick is going to join in the football game,____was agreed at the meeting.
2.My brother had been an engineer,____ was what he wanted to be.
3.He reached Beijing in 1998,____, some time later,he became a professor.
4. ____is said above,the number of the students in our school has increased.
5.Write a letter to a friend,____has some difficulties with his studies.
6.There are four rooms in the house,____ is a drawing room.
7.We will move into the new house next week,____it will be completed.
8.When lost in work,he often was,____he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
9.He is a model worker,____we can learn a lot.
10.They had to delay the sports meet till next week,____the weather will be fine.
11.The workers,____stayed there for two years,came from Africa.
12.The building over there is a hospital,____ is a small river.
13.We shall have to make a decision about Ms King,____story I've just told you.
14.Mr Liu,____I spoke of just now, would go to Australia.
15.The Nile,____electricity is proced,now runs regularly below the dam.
Keys:1.A/B2.B3.G4.A(As)5.C6.M 7.H 8.A 9.J10.F 11.L 12.K 13.E 14.C /D 15.I
『陆』 高二英语语法有哪些
刚给你查我高中书 可惜没有了 高二的语法很多 高三少了 高中基本把语法学的差不多了 大学没有多少重点语法 全在高中
『柒』 高二英语主要有哪些语法点
英语语法,本质复上不分什么小制学语法,中学语法,大学语法,更没有所谓的高二语法。这样分都是瞎搞,误人子弟。
我们讲中文会分小学语法,中学语法,大学语法吗?现在有的小学生的语言能力都像大人一样。小学生一样看红楼梦,看水浒。那国外的小学生不是也同样如此吗?
推荐华东理工的《英语思维——英语语法的原理》,该书是国内第一本系统讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书,书中第一次真正揭示了“时”和“态”的本质,第一次给出了英语完整的时态框架体系、被动语气的框架体系、虚拟语气的框架体系、从句的框架体系,句法分析等,是第一本从语言原理层面完整系统的呈现英语语法全貌和完整框架体系的书。
也可以网络同名视频课程,短平快,十节课真正理解英语语法,适合那些英语语法混乱毫无章法同学,也适合那些英语还不错,但是没学透无体系遭遇瓶颈无法突破的同学,看完后,对英语的理解有脱胎换骨之感。
『捌』 高一及高二上学期英语的重要知识点整理
对不起,我是教理科的。专业是化学和数学。对英语是外行。不好意思,帮不了你。请原谅。