㈠ 初一上册英语语法大全人教版
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㈡ 初一英语语法知识
一、初一英语语法--词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas
二)x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies,family-families,ty-ties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es:如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察,class班,同学,family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文,work工作works作品,工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡
十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或's。如:Is(I's),Ks(K's)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs,VCDs,SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen
2、代词
项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词
人称主格宾格形容词名词性
第一人称单数Imemyminemyself
复数weusouroursourselves
第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself
复数youyouyouryoursyourselves
第三人称单数sheherherhersherself
hehimhishishimself
itititsitsthisthatitself
复数
3、动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains
二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does,goes
五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show-showing,draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest,shorter-shortest,taller-tallest,longer-longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如:big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest
三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well-better bestmany/much-more mostbad/ill-worse worst
little-less leastold-older/elderoldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法--句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句a)This is a book.(be动词)
b)He looks very young.(连系动词)
c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)
d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)
e)There's a computer on my desk.(Therebe结构)
否定陈述句a)These aren't their books.b)They don't look nice.
c)Kate doesn't go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can't find her doll.
e)There isn't a cat here.(=There's no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let's learn English!
c)Come in,please.
否定祈使句a)Don't be late.b)Don't hurry.
3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句a)Is Jim a student?b)Can I help you?c)Does she like salad?
d)Do they watch TV?e)Is she reading?
肯定回答:a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.
否定回答:a)No,he isn't.b)No,you can't.c)No,she doesn't.d)No,they don't.e)No,she isn't.
2)选择疑问句Is the table big or small?回答It's big./It's small.
3)特殊疑问句
①问年龄How old is Lucy?She is twelve.
②问种类What kind of movies do you like?I like action movies and comedies.
③问身体状况How is your uncle?He is well/fine.
④问方式How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.
How do we contact you?My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club?
⑥问时间What's the time?(=What time is it?)It's a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up,Rick?At five o'clock.
When do you want to go?Let's go at 7:00.
⑦问地方Where's my back pack?It's under the table.
⑧问颜色What color are they?They are light blue.
What's your favourite color?It's black.
⑨问人物Who's that?It's my sister.
Who is the boy in blue?My brother.
Who isn't at school?Peter and Emma.
WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?
⑩问东西What's this/that (inEnglish)?It's a pencilcase.
What else can you see in the picture?I can see some broccoli,strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名What's your aunt's name?Her name is Helen./She's Helen.
What's your first name?My first name's Ben.
What's your family name?My family name's Smith.
12问哪一个Which do you like?I like one in the box.
13问字母What letter is it?It's bigD/small f.
14问价格How much are these pants?They're 15 dollars.
15问电话号码What's your phone number?It's 576-8349.
16问谓语(动作)What's he doing?He's watching TV.
17问职业(身份)What do you do?I'm a teacher.
What's your father?He's a doctor.
㈢ 初一上下册英语语法知识点总结
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一.短语:
1 .be from = come from 来自于----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二.重点句式:
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (问路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪里?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告诉我去……的路吗?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎样到达……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪条是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形)
三.词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……(内)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重难点解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
(从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重难点解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing.
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
(从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如:各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词,首字母都应该大写,而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式,常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法,and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为:leaves, 类似的变化还有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时;点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修
饰,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况:
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如:
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿?
How are you? 你好吗?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师?
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短语:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
二.重点句式及注意事项:
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what;有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
三. 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 21 |
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 分类:英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语:
1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二.重点句式:
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
三. 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 21 |
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 分类:英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一.短语:
1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二.重点句式:
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from
三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方
17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路 go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林 18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三.重难点解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。 hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
(从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话,你可以在超市买一些食物。 四.本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一.重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day ring the day 二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too
㈣ 人教版最全的七年级上册英语语法整理
1.一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词) We clean the room every day.
一般现在时:do(n't)/does(n't)
2.一般过去时:主语+did We cleaned the room just now.
一般过去式:did(n't)+V.原
3.现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing We are cleaning the room now.
现在进行时:am(not)/is(n't)/are(n't)+V.ing
4.过去进行时:was/were doing .We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
过去进行时:was(n't)/were(n't)+V.ing
5.现在完成时: have/has done We have cleaned the room already.
现在完成时:have(n't)/has(n't)+过去分词(p.p.)
6.过去完成时: had done We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
过去完成时:had+p.p.
7.一般将来时: will do/ We will clean the room tomorrow.
一般将来时:will(not)+V.ing / is(n't)/are(n't)+going to +V.原
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do He said he would clean the room next
过去将来时:would(n't) / was(n't)/were(n't)+V.原
动词不定式:to+V.ing
一、 一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① am /is /are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词 do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.
基本结构:am/is/are +doing
否定形式:am/is/are +not+doing
一般疑问句:把be动词放在句首
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were +doing
否定形式:was/were +not+doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放在句首
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently,lately,since...,for...,in the past few years,etc.
基本结构:have/has +done
否定形式:have/has +not+done
一般疑问句:have/has放于句首
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某一时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month...),etc.
基本结构:had +done
否定形式:had +not+done
一般疑问句:had放于句首
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year....),soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to +do;②will/shall+do
否定形式:①am/is/are +not+going to +do;② will/shall+not+do
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;② will/shall提到句首
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning,year...),the following month(week...),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to +do;② would/should +do
否定形式:①was/were/not+going to +do;②would/should +not+do
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首
take sb sth=take sth to sb
play sports=do sports
a lot of=lofs of
want+名词 想要某物
当主语是人want to do sth想做某事
当主语是物want doing 意思同上
12个月及说出生年月的顺序
go不能直接跟宾语(除了副词外,如:go home,go here,go there)
play直接加体育运动,不能直接加乐器,要加上a或the,如:play a guitar
介词后跟名词代词动名词
at+时间,如:at 7:00
主语+谓语+宾语(my name is lin)
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
㈤ 七年级上册英语的语法知识
初一上册英语语法
1.there be 句型 “有”指 “某地有某物”形式 :there is, there are
例:There is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。
There are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。
区分:there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词 ,例如:a book , an egg, milk, ice-cream .......
there are 用来修饰可数名词复数
如果要表达某处没有某物 则要用there be 句型的否定形式,即在there be 后加not ,即 there be not
形式:there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't)
例: There isn't any milk in a glass。
There aren't any vegetables in the fridge.
若表示是否有,则要用 there be 句型的疑问句 即把be 提前 Be there 形式 Is there , Are there
例:Is there any milk in the glass?
Are there any vegetables in the fridge?
注意:这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的
疑问句中,是想要得到肯定答复的,要用some。例:Would you like some milk?
对于there be 疑问句的回答:肯定:Yes,there is\are. No,there isn't\aren't.
2.have\has got 有 指某人有某物
例:I have a dog.我有一只狗。
He has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。
区分 :have\ has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数(I ,we ,they) has用来修饰第三
人称单数(she, he , it )
若表示某人没有某物,则要用否定形式,即在have\has got 后加not 即have not (haven't)got ,has not
(hasn't)got.
例:I haven't got a sister but i have a brother.
She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs.
某人是否有某物则要用have\has got的疑问形式,Have\Has +sb.\sth. + got
Have they got a picnic at weekends?
Has the dog got a host family?
回答:肯定:Yes, i \we \they have. Yes , she\ he \ it has.
否定:No , i \ we \ they haven't. No, she \he \it hasn't.
注意:there be 和 have got 的区别 两者虽都指"有",但侧重点不同。
例:《1》There are some food in the fridge.
<2>The fridge has got some food.
虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但(1)句侧重于食物,(2)句侧重于冰箱。
3.be(am is are)
用法:我用am 你用are is连着她他它,单数用is,复数用are
例:I am a stident. She is a beutiful girl. He is a child. It is a dog.
You are my teacher. They are my friends, The boys all are England.
be 的否定形式 直接加not 即 am not, are not , is not.
例:I am not an English. I am Chinese.
She isn't kind. They aren't my friends.
疑问形式把be提前 即 be+ 主语......?
例:Is he your father?
Are they going to have a party?
回答:肯定:Yes, I am. Yes,she \ he \it is. Yes , you \ we \ they are.
否定: No, I am not. No, she \ he \ it isn't. No , you \ we \ they aren't.
be的句式, 所用情况:
1》be + 形容词(adj.). 例:I am very happy.
2> be+ 名词(n.) 例:He is a boy.
3> be + 介词短语 例:She is in the school.
4> be+形容词短语例: He is only 11 years old.
5> be+ 副词 例:Class is over.
4. 情态动词 can
can 可以 能够,表示某人能做某事 用法:can+v.原 不能做某事,则用can 的否定形式:
cannot (can't)+v.原
can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能(不能)做某事都能用can
若表示某人是否能做某事 则要用can 的疑问形式,即can+sb.……?
例:I can speak Chinese. I can't speak English. Can you speak English?
He can swim but he can't play football.
Can she play the piano?
疑问句回答 :肯定:Yes, I \she \ you \ he \it \they \ we can.
否定:No, I \ she \ he \it \ you \ we \ they can't.
注意:can 表示“能力”时,指现在的能力,并不指过去或将来的能力。
5 . 情态动词would 想 主要用于 would you like to ...句型中,表示邀请。
例:Would you like to go to school with me ?
回答一般有两种形式:1 表示愿意:I' like \ love to. 2 拒绝:Sorry, 原因。
注意:would like to 本身并不表示邀请, 而是想要。例:I would like to some books.
另外,表示邀请还能说:Let's...... Shall we...... What \ How about.......
还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式:1)询问时间:When is... 2) 询问地点: Where is....
6 行为动词的一般现在时
用法:
1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事,则要用行为动词的一般现在时
He goes to school every day.
They eat dinner in the evening.
2.若表示某人现在的动态,也可用一般现在时。
I know him very well. 我和他很熟。
He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。
若表示否定意义,若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数,只要在谓语动词后加not,即do not
(don't) ,若主语是第三人称单数,则要在谓语动词后加does not (doesn't)
例:I don't go to school every day.
She doesn't goes to the shop every day.
You don' t sing vell well.
若表示是否经常做某事 则要用疑问意义,将do \ does 提前即可
例:Do you write a composition every day? 你每天写一篇作文吗?
Does it smell good? 它闻起来很香吗?
注意:行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词,用法:用于行为动词之前,be动词之后
常见的频度副词有:often ,always , usually , never ,seldom ,sometimes等
7.变法总结
名词变复数(1)一般在词尾加-s 例词:bags, vegetables , books
(2)以s , x , ch , sh 结尾的加-es 例词: watches , boxes , buses , brushes
(3)以o 结尾的加-es 例词:两人两菜:heroes 英雄 negroes 黑人 tomatoes 西红柿
potatoes 土豆
(4)以o 结尾的加-s 例词:zoos , zeros
(5) 以 辅音字母+y 结把y 变 i 加-es 例词:baby——babies ,city——cities
(6)以 f 或 fe 结尾 ,把f 或 fe变成 -ves 例词:beaf——beaves , life——lives
第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同
㈥ 初一英语学习了哪些语法知识(要具体些)
新目标英抄语初一语法主要是:袭
1、一般现在时(特别要注意主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要加S,有几种变化的);
2、现在进行时(be动词am/is/are
+doing);
3、一般过去时态(be动词的过去时和谓语动词的过去时,be动词过去式只有was和were,动词过去式又分为两种,规则变化和不规则变化,相对来说较难);
4、祈使句;
5、可数名词和不可数名词;
6、名词所有格;
7、How,who,why,when,what
等特殊疑问词引导的句子。总而言之,这些语法是对小学英语的一种衔接,只要用心去学,并不难的。
㈦ 初一上册英语一至七单元的语法知识是哪些
第一单元主要是名字与电话号码。第二单元是介绍自己的亲人,但三单元是询问物品。第四单元是询问物品的位置第五单元询问对方有什么东西。第六单元问别人喜欢什么东西。第七单元问物品的价钱
㈧ 初一英语语法大全知识点
初一的语法知识还是比较简单的。
主要掌握几种时态
1,一般现在时
2,一般过去时
3,一般将来时
4,现在进行时
还有几种词
1,名词
2,代词
3,形容词
4,动词
5,冠词