❶ 谁能给我讲讲 英语语法是什么
包括词性(名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词,等),句式(陈述句,疑问句,宾内语从句,定语从容句,表语从句,状语从句等),时态(一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时等),语态(主动语态,被动语态),虚拟语气,等。。。。
❷ 高中英语语法 都讲什么啊 谁能列出来告诉我 书上的啊
附表四
高中英语
语法项目表
Grammar Items
1.词类
名词 形容词 副词 动词 代词 冠词 数词 介词 连词 感叹词
2.名词
(1)可数名词和不可数名词
(2)名词的复数形式
(3)专有名词
(4)所有格
3.代词
(1)人称代词
(2)物主代词
(3)反身代词
(4)指示代词
(5)不定代词
(6)疑问代词
4.数词 基数词和序数词
5.介词 掌握词汇表中所列介词的用法
6.连词 掌握词汇表中所列连词的用法
7.形容词
1)作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法
2)比较等级 原级、比较级、最高级
(1)构成-er;-est;more;the most
(2)基本句型
比较级形式+than...
(the+)最高级形式+in/of...
as+原级形式+as...
not as(so)+原级形式+as...
8.副词
1)时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词的用法
2)比较等级 原级、比较级、最高级
(1)构成-er;-est;more;the most
(2)基本句型
比较级形式+than...
(the+)最高级形式+in/of...
as+原级形式+as...
not as(so)+原级形式+as...
9.冠词的一般用法
10.动词
1)动词的基本形式
(1)现在时(原形,-s/-es形式)
(2)过去时(-ed形式)
(3)过去分词(-ed形式)
(4)-ing形式
2)行为动词的及物性与不及物性
3)连系动词be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become, etc.
4)助动词be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
5)情态动词can, may, must, ought, need, dare, etc.
6)动词的时态
(1)一般现在时
We usually go to school at half past seven.
Are you tired?
The earth goes around the sun.
There goes the train!
(2)一般过去时
I got to school at a quarter past seven this morning.
When I lived there, I went to the cinema twice a month.
(3)一般将来时
A.shall(will)+动词原形
We'll meet you at the airport.
He'll come here every other day.
B.用be going to+动词原形表示
We are going to listen to a talk tomorrow afternoon.
There's going to be a meeting this evening.
(4)现在进行时
They're listening to music.
What are you doing these days?
(5)过去进行时
I was watching television at half past eight yesterday evening.
We were having a basketball match when you came to see me.
(6)现在完成时
We've learned about 1, 200 English words.
I've been here in Beijing for half a month now.
He has travelled to several places in South China since he came to China.
(7)过去完成时
By ten o'clock we had already done half of the work.
The meeting had already begun when they arrived.
I told him that we had known each other for many years.
(8)过去将来时
He said they would return before the end of this month.
She said there was going to be an English talk next Sunday.
7)动词的被动语态
(1)一般现在时的被动语态
The Great Wall of China is known all over the world.
(2)一般过去时的被动语态
This city was liberated in 1948.
(3)一般将来时的被动语态
The matter will be discussed at the next meeting.
(4)现在进行时的被动语态
The question is being discussed at the meeting.
(5)现在完成时的被动语态
The bridge has been built this month.
(6)带情态动词的被动语态
The bike must not be put here.
Can it be finished in two hours?
8)动词的不定式
(1)作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
(2)作宾语
I wanted to see a doctor.
Do you think it necessary to go there?
(3)作宾语补足语
The teacher warned the students not to be late.
He saw her leave the house.
(4)作表语
She seems to be tired.
(5)作定语
There is nothing to worry about.
We have no time to think about rest.
(6)作状语
She knows English well enough to read books.
He stopped to talk to an old man.
(7)用在how, when, where, what, which, who, whether 等后面
The question is where to get a computer.
I really don't know what to do.
9)动词的过去分词
(1)作定语
A broken cup is lying on the floor.
(2)作表语
The cup is broken.
(3)作宾语补足语
He's going to have his hair cut.
(4)作状语
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
10)动词的-ing形式
(1)作主语
Talking is easier than doing.
It's no use talking about it.
(2)作宾语
I don't mind going on foot.
(3)作表语
Seeing is believing.
The story is moving.
(4)作宾语补足语
I saw them coming across the road.
(5)作定语
There is a swimming pool in our school.
China is a developing country.
The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
(6)作状语
Being ill, she went home.
Having finished their work, they had a rest.
11.句子
1)句子的种类
(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
(3)祈使句
(4)感叹句
2)句子的成分
(1)主语
Mary was born in Germany.
I'll stay in this city for a few years.
To listen to her songs is a pleasure.
(2)谓语
He learned some English at school.
She is writing a letter.
He looks strong.
You can go now.
Will you have to go tomorrow?
(3)表语
Her mother is a doctor.
It's I(me).
Are you ready?
It remained to be seen.
The football match was very exciting.
The book is in the desk.
(4)宾语
She loved her mother.
He refused to come.
(5)直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
Father bought some books for me.
(6)宾语补足语
He told us to come on time.
I think it a good thing.
We found him busy with his work.
(7)定语
Lucy is wearing green trousers and a yellow sweater.
We often do morning exercises.
Can I borrow your pen, please?
The woman in the red coat is Mrs. Brown.
Do you have anything more to say?
(8)状语
Every day he went there by bus.
She feels quite well.
He went to buy some fruit.
This room is too small for us to live in.
*3)主谓的一致关系
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
Either you or I am to go.
4)简单句的五种基本句型
(1)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)
The weather is very cold.
She felt happy.
(2)主语+不及物动词(S+V)
Summer is coming.
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)
I like Chinese food.
She knows what to do.
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
She taught them physics.
He showed me a new TV set.
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
They won't let me go.
We must keep the room warm.
5)并列句
I turned on the TV and we sat down and watched it.
I bought my sister a present, but she didn't like it.
6)复合句
(1)名词性从句
*a.主语从句
Who will go is not important.
What we need is more time.
b.宾语从句
I hope (that) everything is all right.
I'd like to know whether it is worth doing.
Do you know where he is?
He has found out why she was late.
c.表语从句
The question was who could go there.
That is why he was late.
*d.同位语从句
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
(2)定语从句
A plane is a machine that can fly.
Who is the man that is sitting by the window?
A chemist's shop is a shop which sells medicine.
She is the girl who sings best of all.
The comrade with whom I came knows French.
This is the room in which we lived last year.或:
This is the room which we lived in last year.
The man that you were talking about has come to our school.
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
The hospital where my mother works is in the north of the city.
*Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.
(3)状语从句
She was reading the newspaper when I came in.
I'll give the letter to him as soon as I see him.
We'll go where the people need us.
He didn't come yesterday because he was ill.
We should study harder (so) that we may work better in the future.
It is such a big box that nobody can move it.
We'll go to the Great Wall if it's fine tomorrow.
Although the place is quite pleasant, I don't think we should go there all the time.
No matter what he says, I don't believe him.
He ate so much as if he hadn't had a meal for days.
I want to speak English as an Englishman does.
*7)倒装句
*8)省略句
12.构词法
1)合成法 blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone
2)转化法 hand(n.)-hand(v.),break(v.)-break(n.) empty(adj.)-empty(v.)
3)派生法
a.加前缀 dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-
b.加后缀 -able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion,
-fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen,)-ty, -th, -y
人民教育出版社
http://www.pep.com.cn/f-ge/index.htm
❸ 初中英语语法重点讲什么
初中英语语法重点主要是几种时态:
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时内,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完容成时,过去完成时;简单的定语从句,宾语从句,直接引语和间接引语等.这些知识如果都掌握了,初中英语基本上就掌握了,当然,
仅有语法知识还是不够的,还要掌握课本中的单词及句型.
❹ 大学英语专业语法都学些什么内容!
基本是对英语所有的语法项目都进行了学习,有的学校使用的是教师专自己编写的教材。从属最基本的词性到修辞都学。大体上有22-25个项目。学习的深度一般,不会如你想的那样很高深。
如果你是想以英语专业的要求严格要求自己的非英语专业的学生,推荐你用华东理工大学出版社出版的《大学英语语法》作为辅导材料。很有针对性。
希望我的回答能够帮助你。
❺ 英语语法都有那些 怎么用 讲通俗一点
语法包括词法和句法。词法讲单词构成和变化规则,句法讲句子结构。
❻ 请问大学英语都讲些什么
大学的英语是以提高词汇量和提高阅读能力为主
其主要目的就是让学生能顺利专通过大学英语四级和六属级考试
教材都是选些比较长的文章,然后老师上课进行文章讲解。
常用语法在高中阶段已经学完,所以语法不是学习的重点,只是在讲解课文的过程中穿插着讲讲。
单词要死背,教材上面的单词量是远远不够的。所以厚厚的四六级词汇书是必备的。
如果你以后读大学时选择读英语专业的话,那要求当然就比非英语专业的学生要高了。
会有专门的翻译课和口语课。。。也会学习一些英文名著,如希腊神话,圣经之类的。
❼ 英语的语法都是什么
英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究,指英语中语言的结构规律。包括词法和句法。英语的语法既可以是规范性的,也可以是描述性的。
一、实词
1.名词(nouns)n.: 名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等,专有名词的首字母要大写。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。 2.代词(pronoun)pron.: 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 3.数词(numeral)Num.: 表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。 4.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.: 很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。 5.副词(adverb)adv.: 是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。 6.动词(Verb)v.: 动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
二、虚词
7.冠词(article) art.: 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的主语数量或者特征。 8.介词(preposition)prep.: 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词,或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。 9.连词(conjunction)conj: 连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类:并列连词、转折连词、选择连词和因果连词。 10.助词: 助词是附着在词,短语,句子的前面或后面,表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词。助词有结构助词,时态助词,语气助词三种。 11.叹词:(interjection)interj.: 叹词是语法学术语。表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词。
三、判断词
现代汉语中表示条件、让步、转折等关系的连词多包含一个来自判断词“是”的语素,其他语言也有类似的情况。英语中的判断词有常见的“Yes”和“No”。
四、情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。 1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
五、感叹词
感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。它不构成后面句子的一个语法成分,却在意义上与它有关联,后面的句子一般说明这种情绪的性质、原因。感叹词是英语口语中最富于表现力的词语之一,用途甚广。学会它,对于提高英语的交际能力,表达复杂的思想起着举足轻重的作用。英语中的感叹词很多,但目前的语法著作中却很少对它进行归纳总结,致使许多人对含有感叹词的句子理解不透。现将部分感叹词的用法进行小结: 一、Oh 表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等,可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。 1. "Oh, who was that?" Mr. Black asked. “哦,是谁?”布莱克先生问。 2. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. “哎呀,你们真瞎!”他大声道。
六、其他
1、动名词:动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 2、动词不定式:不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。 3、分词:[participle]具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。编辑本段句子成分一个句子一般皆由两部分组成,即主语部分(subject group)和谓语部分(predicate group)。如: ⑴Professor Ward teaches English to university students. 沃德教授给大学生教英语。 句中的Professor Ward即是主语部分,teaches English to university students 即是谓语部分。 句子成分(members of the sentence )是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子由各个句子成分所构成。 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。 主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。那么,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述。
主语
主语(subject) 是一句的主体,是全句的述说对象,常用名词或相当于名词的词担任,一般置于句首。如: ⑵The plane has just taken off at the airport。 飞机刚刚从机场起飞。 ⑶I respect his privacy。 我尊重他的隐私权。 主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。 名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做主语。
谓语
谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
宾语
宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(间接宾语也称宾语补足语)两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做宾语,而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。
定语
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。“的”是定语的标志。
状语
英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。 状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
补语
英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
表语
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem, look ,sound, feel, get, smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。编辑本段动词时态英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 下面就英语中常见的十六种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。 所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时态结合,便形成下列十六种时态: 一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时; 现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时; 现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时; 现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
一般现在时
1.概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;和事实真理。 2.时间状语:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays(on Mondays …), 3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式) 4.否定形式:主语 + am/is/are + no t + 其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。 Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…),in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构:主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词 4.否定形式:主语 + was/were + not + 其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。
一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构:主语 + am/is/are + going to + do + 其它;主语 + will/shall + do + 其它 4.否定形式:主语 + am/is/are not going to do ;主语 + will/shall not do + 其它 5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
一般过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:The next day (morning \, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构:主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它;主语 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式:主语 + was/were + not + going to + do; 主语 + would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。 I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。
现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen 3.基本结构:主语 + be + doing + 其它 4.否定形式:主语 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 6.例句:How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何? He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。
过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其它 4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写) 6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。
将来进行时
1.概念:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。 2.时间状语:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本结构:主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它 4.否定形式:主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它 5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影院。 He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。
过去将来进行时
1.概念:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。 2.基本结构:should/would + be + 现在分词 3.例句:They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。
现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点,for + 时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:主语 + have/has + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 4.否定形式:主语 + have/has + not + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 5.一般疑问句:have或has放句首。 6.例句:I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。
过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构:主语 + had + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 4.否定形式:主语 + had + not +p.p(过去分词) + 其它 5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。 6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候,火车已经开走了。 By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底,我们已经复习了四本书。 基本结构:主语 + had + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 ①肯定句:主语 + had + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 ②否定句:主语 + had + not + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 ③一般疑问句:Had +主语 + p.p(过去分词)+其它 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of + 时间短语(将来);by the time + 从句(将来) 3.基本结构:主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p(过去分词) + 其它 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候,就将发生巨大的变化。
过去将来完成时
1.概念:表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。 2.基本结构:should/would have done sth. 3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。
现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。 2.基本结构:主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.时间状语:since + 时间点,for + 时间段等。 4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。 The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起,孩子们一直看电视。
过去完成进行时
1.概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。 2.基本结构:主语 + had + been + doing + 其它 3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧? 4.特殊含义:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完) ②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它) ③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解) ④最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近) ⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次) ⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)
将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。 2.基本结构:shall/will have been doing 3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。 If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。
过去将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。 2.基本结构:should/would + have + been +现在分词 3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了。
❽ 给我好好讲讲英语的全部语法,要通俗易懂
语法有很多。现场讲可能记得不太多,包涵。
1、时态
现在进行时:be+doing 例如:Marry is watching TV。
一般现在时:直接使用,例如:Jim likes watch TV。
一般过去时:用过去式,例如:I made a big cake last night.
一般将来时:有很多种形式,如be going to do/be to do/will等。例如:Jack is going to China next week.
现在完成时:have/has done,例如:I have known that Jerry is OK.
过去完成时:had done,例如:He said that he had recongnized you the moment he saw you.
(还有很多,但没这些重要)
2、语态
主动语态 主语是动作的发出者,例如:Jim likes watch TV。
被动语态 主语是动作的承受者,例如:The criminal was arrested after all.
3、从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
条件从句
定语从句
……
(具体的介绍建议你看书)
4、主谓一致
即主语与谓语的搭配要一致。具体内容建议看书,因为有很多。
5、……
6、……
不写了。
❾ 初中英语语法主要讲什么高中呢
初中主要是时态,词性,高中主要是从句
❿ 初中英语课都讲些什么语法知识
初中英语讲的语法,我记得有宾语从句、还有时态(过去时、现在时、现在进行时、完成时、现在完成进行时)、直接引语、间接引语等。望采纳,谢谢。