1. 英语8年级上册书上所有的重点语法（人教版）
资料多,放不下nbsp;新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲(全套)nbsp;Unitnbsp;1:nbsp;Hownbsp;oftennbsp;donbsp;younbsp;exercise?nbsp;1.nbsp;gonbsp;tonbsp;thenbsp;moviesnbsp;去看电影nbsp;2.nbsp;looknbsp;afternbsp;=nbsp;takenbsp;carenbsp;ofnbsp;照顾nbsp;3.nbsp;surfnbsp;thenbsp;internetnbsp;上网nbsp;4.nbsp;healthynbsp;lifestylenbsp;健康的生活方式nbsp;5.nbsp;gonbsp;skatenbsp;boardingnbsp;去划板nbsp;6.nbsp;keepnbsp;healthy=staynbsp;healthynbsp;保持健康nbsp;7.nbsp;exercise=take(much)exercise=donbsp;sports锻炼nbsp;8.nbsp;eatingnbsp;habitsnbsp;饮食习惯nbsp;9.nbsp;takenbsp;morenbsp;exercisenbsp;做更多的运动nbsp;10.nbsp;thenbsp;samenbsp;asnbsp;与什么相同nbsp;11.nbsp;benbsp;differentnbsp;fromnbsp;不同nbsp;12.nbsp;oncenbsp;anbsp;month一月一次nbsp;13.nbsp;twicenbsp;anbsp;week一周两次nbsp;14.nbsp;makenbsp;anbsp;differencenbsp;tonbsp;对什么有影响nbsp;15.nbsp;hownbsp;oftennbsp;多久一次nbsp;16.nbsp;althoughnbsp;=nbsp;though虽然nbsp;17.nbsp;mostnbsp;ofnbsp;thenbsp;students=mostnbsp;studentsnbsp;18.nbsp;shop=gonbsp;shopping=donbsp;somenbsp;shoppingnbsp;购物nbsp;19.nbsp;asnbsp;for至于nbsp;20.nbsp;activitynbsp;survey活动调查nbsp;21.nbsp;donbsp;homework做家庭作业nbsp;22.nbsp;donbsp;housenbsp;work做家务事nbsp;23.nbsp;eatnbsp;lessnbsp;meat吃更少的肉nbsp;24.nbsp;junknbsp;food垃圾食物nbsp;25.nbsp;benbsp;goodnbsp;fornbsp;对什么有益nbsp;26.nbsp;benbsp;badnbsp;for对什么有害nbsp;27.nbsp;wantnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;想做某事nbsp;28.nbsp;wantnbsp;sbnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sth想某人做某事nbsp;29.nbsp;trynbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;尽量做某事nbsp;30.nbsp;comenbsp;homenbsp;fromnbsp;school放学回家nbsp;31.nbsp;ofnbsp;coursenbsp;=nbsp;certainlynbsp;=nbsp;sure当然nbsp;32.nbsp;getnbsp;goodnbsp;grades取得好成绩nbsp;33.nbsp;somenbsp;advicenbsp;34.nbsp;hardly=notnbsp;nearlynbsp;/nbsp;almostnbsp;not几乎不nbsp;35.nbsp;keep/benbsp;innbsp;goodnbsp;health保持健康nbsp;36.benbsp;stressed紧张的，有压力的nbsp;37.nbsp;takenbsp;anbsp;vacationnbsp;去度假nbsp;48.getnbsp;backnbsp;回来nbsp;Unitnbsp;2nbsp;What’snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;1.nbsp;Havenbsp;anbsp;coldnbsp;感冒nbsp;2.nbsp;sorenbsp;backnbsp;背痛nbsp;3.nbsp;necknbsp;andnbsp;necknbsp;并驾齐驱，齐头并进nbsp;4.nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;我胃痛nbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;gotnbsp;anbsp;stomachachenbsp;=nbsp;Therenbsp;isnbsp;somethingnbsp;wrongnbsp;withnbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;=nbsp;Mynbsp;stomachnbsp;hurtsnbsp;=nbsp;Inbsp;havenbsp;(got)nbsp;anbsp;painnbsp;innbsp;mynbsp;stomachnbsp;5.nbsp;What’snbsp;thenbsp;matter?nbsp;怎么了？nbsp;=nbsp;What’snbsp;thenbsp;troublenbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What’snbsp;yournbsp;trouble?nbsp;=nbsp;What’snbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;What’nbsp;thenbsp;matternbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=Whatnbsp;hasnbsp;happenednbsp;tonbsp;you?nbsp;=nbsp;Isnbsp;therenbsp;anythingnbsp;wrongnbsp;(withnbsp;you)?nbsp;=nbsp;what’snbsp;up?nbsp;6.nbsp;sorenbsp;throatnbsp;咽喉痛nbsp;7.nbsp;lienbsp;downnbsp;andnbsp;restnbsp;躺下休息nbsp;8.nbsp;seenbsp;anbsp;dentistnbsp;看牙医nbsp;9.nbsp;drinknbsp;lotsnbsp;ofnbsp;waternbsp;多喝水nbsp;10.nbsp;hotnbsp;teanbsp;withnbsp;honeynbsp;加蜂蜜的热茶nbsp;11.That’snbsp;anbsp;goodnbsp;ideanbsp;好主意nbsp;12.That’snbsp;toonbsp;badnbsp;太糟糕了nbsp;13.Inbsp;thinknbsp;sonbsp;我认为如此nbsp;14.nbsp;I’mnbsp;notnbsp;feelingnbsp;well
2. 初二人教版英语重点语法
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结
.固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth
★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.
★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
★ 计划做某事plan to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★不得不have to do
★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.★encourage sb to do鼓励某人做
★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例:It your turn to clean the blackboard.
★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例:It’s time for me to go home.
★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……
例: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.
★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.
★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.
★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there?
★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.
★离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
★be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you.
顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。
以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
★ let sb. do sth让某人做某事 ★ make do sth使得某人做某事
★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
★why not/why don’t you +动原？为什么不.?Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?
★ 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
★情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）
★ 助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形
★ be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算” 做某事）
使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。He is watching TV. They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball？
What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下结构中 1. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事；
2. finish doing sth； 完成做某事； 3.feel like doing sth 想要做某事；
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事） 5.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
6. go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；7.remember doing sth 记得做过某事
8. like doing sth 喜欢做某事； 9.find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做
10. try doing sth 试图做某事； 11. need doing sth 需要做某事；
12. prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事； 13.mind doing sth 介意做某事；
14. miss doing sth 错过做某事； 15.practice doing sth 练习做某事；
16. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；17.can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；
18.waste time/money doing 浪费时间/钱做; 19.keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做…
20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事
21. prefer doing A to doing B=like A better than B喜欢做B更喜欢做A
22. “do some +doing”短语 如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
23．“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)
.注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom
3. 目前人教版的八年级英语语法学到哪里了
八年级上册学的都比较简单，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，句子成分，类型，简单句的五种基本句型，宾语从句，各种时态包括一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，动词不定式等……具体内容如下——
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级)
more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)
most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest
形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
二、句子成分
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
3、表语
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
三、句子类型：
1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
2、复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
四、简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型一： S V （主＋谓）
基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表）
基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
五、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
初二上册学的宾从就是这些。
六、时态：
一. 一般现在时: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力,
1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形...
b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es…
(2)系动词(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+don’t+动词原形... 例如:They don’t go to school every day.
b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesn’t +动词原形… 例如:Lily doesn’t like singing.
(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形...
b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形…
(2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前.
二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look…, listen…等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.
1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing…
2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not
3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前.
三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形…
(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not
3. 一般疑问句结构:
(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?
(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was’t.)
四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not
例如: We won’t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won’t)
(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.
例如: Tom isn’ going to see his uncle next Sunday.
五.动词不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.
八年级下册英语语法重点，加强学习了情态动词及用法，加强学习了一般将来时，学习了直接引语变间接引语，过去进行时，现在完成时，反义疑问句，状语从句等。
一、情态动词
定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。
位置：情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
用法初二重点掌握may和might，will和would.
1、may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
3. 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
2、will和would的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
二、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
Will和shall用法的区别
① 说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形。
②要表达主语的“意志”，通常都用“will”（文法上称为意志将来。）
② 说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去，通常用“shall”。
③ 第一人称问句使用“shall”。
④ 问句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”；问句用“Will …？”，答句就用“will ~ ”。
三、直接引语变间接引语
一、如何变人称;
人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come –go
四、过去进行时
一、 概念和用法：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？
二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如： What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
三、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, is,am,are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), wish等。
五、现在完成时
用法
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over； 六、反义疑问句
反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)
即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式
2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式
They work hard, don’t they?
七、状语从句
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
同学，这可是我结合课本与网络“呕心沥血”总结出来的，希望对你有所帮助，如果还不行，建议到人教网把电子课本翻到后面也还有。
4. 2014人教版新目标八年级下册英语语法汇总
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如
tomorrow,
the
day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years
等。
be going to do
（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：
It is going to rain.
will do
结构表示将来的用法：
1.
表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2.
表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
（
1
）
will+
主语
+do
„
? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（
2
）
there be
结构的一般疑问句：
Will there + be
„
?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：
will + not
（
won’t
）
+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋
will
＋主语＋„？
What will Sarah do next Sunday?
★★练一练★★
根据例句，用
will
改写下列各句
例：
I don’t feel well today.
（
be better tomorrow
）
I’ll be better tomorrow
.
1. Gina has six classes today.
（
have a lot of homework tonight
）
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now.
（
sleep later
）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car.
（
buy one soon
）
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now.
（
leave a little later
）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today.
（
be better tomorrow
）
_____________________________
答案：
1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
5. 人教版八年级所有英语语法
5．Thanks for taking care of my dog．谢谢你照看我的狗。
6．Don't forget to clean his bed．不要忘了清扫他的床。
7．I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英语功课，然后见我的朋友。
8．I'm going on vacation tomorrow．明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒适的座位
do a survey of做一个调查
play a piano piece弹一支钢琴曲
the price of……的价格
the radio station广播电台
think about考虑
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的电视节目
a 1ot许多
1．What's the best movie theater? 哪个是最好的影院?
2．What is the best radio station? 哪个是最好的广播电台?
3．It has the most comfortable seats．它拥有最舒适的座位。
4．What do young people think about places in town? 年轻人关于镇上的位置是什么看法?
5．We did a survey of our readers．我们做了一个读者涮查。
6．Last week's talent show was a great success．上周的才能展示是一个成功。
7．She played a beautiful piano piece．她演奏了一支优美的钢琴曲。
8．What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的电视剧是什么7
9．The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night． 一个旅馆房间的价格是每晚320元。
10．There's a lot things to do．有许多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇汤
a speech contest一次演讲比赛
live in居住在……
creative job富有创造性的工作
arrive in到达
elementary school小学
funniest movie actor最有意思的电影演员
1．How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎么做蘑菇汤?
2．I won a speech contest．我演讲比赛获胜。
3．Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京吗?
4．No，not an actor，another kind of creative job．不，不是做演员，而是另一种富有创造性的工作。
5．We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th．
我们在八月二十日到达澳大利亚。
6．What is the best elementary school?最好的小学是哪个?
7．Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你认为谁是最有意思的电影演员? 下册a pair of一双，一对 ask for 请求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with赞同 all year round一年到头，全年 all kinds of各种，各样 all the time一直 argue with与争吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到达 at least至少 at a meeting在开会 at first首先 as…as possible尽可能 as…as象一样 be able to能够 be angry with 生气 be mad at对感到气愤 be good at擅长于 be careful小心 be allowed被允许 be surprised惊讶 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in对感兴趣 break the rule打破规则 by the way顺便 complain about抱怨 come along出现，发生 come true实现，达到 come in进来 cut in line插队 call sb. up打电话给 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter乱扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事 end up结束 fall in love with爱上 fall asleep入睡 far from远离 first of all首先 fly to飞向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down压低声音 keep out不让进入 look for寻找 look smart 看起来精干 look after照顾 look through浏览 let (sb) in让进 let sbget along相处 get over克服 get annoyed生气 get bored厌烦 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with与相处（好） get injured受伤 give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物 give away赠送 go skating去溜冰 go out of从出去/来 have a fight with与打架/争吵 have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到过 hear about/of听说 hundreds of好几百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一会儿 in 100 years100年后 in good health身体健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未来，将来 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操场 in/out of style时髦/过时 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄国风格 in public places在公共场合 It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事 the same as与相同 try (not) to do sth尽力（不）干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打开/关掉 turn up/down开大/关小 talk to/with与谈话 take care of照顾 take part in参加 take off起飞take away拿走 take place发生 take an interest in对感兴趣 take care (not) to do小心（不）做 thanks for (doing)谢谢（做） wait in line排队等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)谋生 make money赚钱 make friends with与交友 more than多于 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到为止 not at all一点也不 on (my tenth) birthday在（我十岁）生日 on the phone在通话 on the one/other hand在一（另）方面 open up打开 put out熄灭 好不容易收集到的，希望满意（太多拉还有如果需要请加我1413979442）
6. 八年级英语上册语法大全人教版 所有语法 所有单元
leavesbbyoneself独自留下某人needn't=don'thaveto不需it's 形容词 todosthmakesbdosth让某人做某事letsbdosth让某人做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心tellsb(not)todosth告诉某人做某事asksb(not)todosth询问某人做某事be(not) 形容词 enouth todosthbe too 形容词 todosthtakecareof=lookafter照顾each of固定搭配assoonas一……就want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn以上词语后跟todosthfinish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise以上词语后跟doingsthstop,forget,remember以上词语后可跟todosth也可跟doingsth。比如“forgettodosth”意思是“忘记去做某事（表示事情还没做）”，“forgetdoingsth”则表示“忘了做过某事（表示事情已经做了）”，如此类推，其余两个用法相同。seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事seesbdosth看见过某人做某事makeit 形容词 todosthenjoy/help/teach oneself靠自己reach=getto=arrivein/at注：arrivein表示到达较大的地方，比如一个国家，一座城市等；arriveat表示到达较小的地方，如学校，电影院等。havebeento曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了）havebeenin一直在某地（现在仍在某地）havegoneto去了某地（现在正在去的途中，还没回来）现在完成时：have(has) 动词过去分词lookforwordto 动词ingdivededinto把……分成alittle=abitof一点点too……to 动词原形现在完成时的动词短语变化：began→beoncome/arrive→beherego/leave→beawaybuy→havedie→bedeadborrow→keepjoin→beamember(in)in 一段时间表示将来将来时表达形式：begoingtodosth=willdosth=bedoingsthdoone'sbest=tryone'sbest尽力去做某事afraidto 动词afraidof 名词usetodosth过去常做某事didn'tusetodo=usen'ttodo过去不做某事nolonger=notanylonger现在不做某事fillwith=befullof装满gotobed上床去睡觉gotosleep入睡fallasleep从上床到入睡的全过程（动态）beasleep睡着（静态）on 具体某天的早上/下午/晚上makeoutof用……做出abit 形容词abitof 名词afew（用于可数名词肯定句）few（用于可数名词否定句）alittle（用于不可数名词肯定句）little（用于不可数名词否定句）many（用于可数名词）much（用于不可数名词）bit（可数与不可数两者均可