⑴ 英语的各种时态名称和句型结构
巧用英语时态表,掌握英语谓语形式
一、英语时态名称的记忆
时态
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般将来时
一般过去将来时
进行
过去进行时
现在进行时
将来进行时
(略)
完成
过去完成时
现在完成时
将来完成时
(略)
二、英语时态形式的记忆:(以动词work为例)
时态
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
worked
work works
shall/will work
should/would work
进行
was/were working
am/is/are working
shall/will
be working
(略)
完成
had worked
have/has worked
shall/will
have worked
(略)
可以分两个步骤记忆:
1、一般现在时: work(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。)
现在进行时: be + working (be随主语人称和数的变化而变化。)
现在完成时: have + worked (have随主语人称和数的变化而变化,worked是work的过去分词。)
这三种基本时态形式位于时态表的中心位置,是必须首先记住的。其它形式可推导而出。
2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后,可以设想把时间提前至过去,这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时:worked (worked是work的过去式);过去进行时was / were + working;过去完成时had + worked (worked是work的过去分词)。
把时间错后至将来,这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为
一般将来时: shall / will + work;
将来进行时: shall / will + be working;
将来完成时: shall / will + have worked。(shall仅用于主语是第一人称时,will可用于主语是任何人称时。)当然,根据shall / will 的用法要求,紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。
简而言之,把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式,只需把第一个动词变成过去式即可(一般现在时谓语只有一个动词,也可把它看成为第一个动词)。与此类似,过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过去式。把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式,只需在前面加一助动词shall / will (紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式)即可。
三、英语被动语态形式的记忆(以动词ask为例)
时态
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
was/were asked
am/is/are asked
shall/will be asked
should/would
be asked
进行
was/were
being asked
am/is/are
being asked
完成
had been asked
have/has
been asked
英语动词的被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be同系动词be一样有人称、数和时态的变化。英语动词在既有被动语态变化又有时态变化时,一定要先变被动语态再变时态,它的时态变化就是将助动词be再作各种时态形式的变化。主张先理解记忆现在的三种被动语态的时态形式,再以同样方法推导出被动语态其它的时态形式。
四、结合英语时态表掌握句子的否定式、一般疑问式的变化规律
句子的否定式、一般疑问式也是每册初中教材学习时态时的必讲内容。而实际上这个问题非常简单,完全可以结合英语时态表中谓语的特征来完成。
变化方面
谓语物征
否定句变化
一般疑问句变化
谓语只有一个动词
( be除外)
根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求,在谓语动词前加don't, doesn't, didn't 后面的动词使用原形。
根据主语人称、数和谓语时态的要求,在句首加Do, Does, Did,其后面的动词使用原形。更改句首大小写和句尾标点符号。
谓语有两个或两个以上动词
在谓语的第一个动词后面加not.
把谓语的第一个动词提前至句首,更改首大、小写和句尾标点符号。
注:1、There be ...句型和以be为系动词的主系表句型,适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。
2、谓语是情态动词(have to的疑问式例外) + 动词原形,也适用于第二种谓语特征的变化方式。
3、为便于记忆,不妨称此法为谓语特征分析法。
五、谓语特征分析法在特殊疑问句、反意疑问句中的运用
由于特殊疑问句的句子结构是特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句语序,故除对主语提问的特殊疑问句外,都可按一般疑问句变化规律用谓语特征分析法快速确定谓语形式。
反意疑问句是由陈述句 + 反问部分构成。反意疑问句的反问部分虽说情况比较复杂,但仅就基础内容而言,情况还是较为简单,要求也较低。故基础内容中反意疑问句的反问部分基本上仍可用谓语特征分析法快速确定反问部分中该用的动词,那就是:前面的陈述句如果变成一般疑问句是用什么动词开头,后面的反问部分就用什么动词反问。
六、一般疑问句和反意疑问句的简略回答
用谓语特征分析法掌握了一般疑问句和反意疑问句中谓语的构成方法后,它们的简略回答就更容易了。那就是用什么词开头的一般疑问句就用什么词来回答(或同属be系列的单词:am, is, are, was, were)。反意疑问句的反问部分用什么词开头,也就用什么词来回答(或同属be系列的单词)。例如:
1. -Are you a worker?
-Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
2. -Does he like Chinese tea?
-Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
3. -Have you finished the novel?
-Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
4. -He is a bus driver, isn't he?
-Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
5. -Tom came to school late this morning, didn't he?
-Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
6. -Lily hasn't lost her watch, has she?
-Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
用情态动词(can, may, must)开头的一般疑问句,在作否定回答时选择合适的情态动词较为困难。我们可以用右栏图示轻松地记忆掌握。
先按下列单词及它们的否定式的第一、第二个字母在字母表中的顺序排列,再加上谁回答谁的替换符号便容易记忆了。(注意must代替may, need代替must, 这种后代前的关系以及can除了可回答自己外,还可回过去来回答may的特点。)
1. -Can you drive a truck?
-No, I can't.
2. -May I go now?
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.
3. -Must you go so soon?
-No, I needn't.
4. -Need we buy any new desks?
-No, we needn't. (Yes, we must.)
注意:肯定回答必须用must。
七、谓语特征分析法在其它句型中的运用
研究下面几组对话,不难发现:答语中谓语动词的选用也是和如将其上句变成一般疑问句后句首第一个单词相一致的(或同属be, do, have系的单词)。
1. -It's warmer today.
-So it is.
2. -John bought a new bike.
-So he did.
3. -I like walking in the open air.
-So do I.
4. -He works hard.
-So he does, and so do you.
5. -Lucy has been to England twice.
-So she has.
6. -Lucy can ride a bike at the age of four.
-So she can.
十六种时态的谓语形势
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
do/does
am/is/are doing
have/has done
have/has been doing
过去
did
was/were doing
had done
had been doing
将来
shall/will do
shall/will be doing
shall/will have done
shall/will have been doing
过去将来
should/would do
should/would be doing
should/would have done
should/would have been doing
八种时态介绍:
一 一般现在时态:表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。时间状语: every …, sometimes, always, never, often,usually等。
1 由be的is am are表示,之后接名词,形容词或介词。
陈述句:I am an office worker.He is so lazy.They are at home now.
否定句: I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.
一般疑问句:Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?
特殊疑问句:What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?
2 由实意动词V构成,引导疑问句和否定句,用do或don’t。第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形;第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.
陈述句:I work in Shanghai. He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.
否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC. Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.
一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?
特殊疑问句:What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to work?
3 由情态动词can, must, may构成。may没有否定形式。
陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.
否定句:I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t(表示禁止) smoke in the office.
一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?
特殊疑问句: How can I get there? What must I do now?
二 一般过去时态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago,the day before yesterday,in 1997。
1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were.
陈述句:I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.
否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.
一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week?
特殊疑问句:Where were you last night? When were you in that company?
2 由V的过去式构成陈述句,疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。
陈述句:I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.
否定句: I didn’t work here. They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.
一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?
特殊疑问句:Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you know my name?
3 由情态动词的过去式构成,can—could.
She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.
三 一般将来时态:即将发生动作或状态。时间状语有:tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.
1 任何人称+will+动词原形.
I will fly to KongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week.
I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year.
Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel?
What will you do after class? Where will he live? How will they come here?
2 is/am/are+going to+V原形,表示计划打算做什么事情。
I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.We are not going to buy a house here.
Are they going to change their jobs?How are you going to tell him?
四 过去将来时态;在过去将会发生的动作。
构成:任何人称+would +V原形
was/were going to +V原形
He said he would come in in Shanghai.I sai I would buy you a car one day.
They told me that they were not going to go abroad.
五 现在进行时态:表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。常用的时间的动作:now, at the(this)moment
构成:is/am/are+Ving
I’m waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now.
He is not playing toys. We are enjoying ourselves.
Are you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?
What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal?
六 过去进行时态:过去一段时间正在发生的动作。
构成:was/were+Ving
I was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.
What were you doing at that moment?
We were having a party while my neighbour is sleeping.
七 现在完成时态:用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说,就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。常用的时间 fortwo /weeks/years;forseveraldays; since 2004/ Apr.23/lastweek/theaccident
构成:have/has +done(过去分词)
I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years.
I haven’t finished my homework.Tim hasn’t come yet.We haven’t heard any news about him
How long have you worked in this company?
特别注意:
1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词:总是或一直是什么样子。。。
He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.
They have always been in America.
2 have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。
I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?
Where have you been? I have never been here.
3 have/has gone to:去了。。。
He has gone to Beijing. They have gone to the cinema.
八 过去完成时态:发生在过去的过去。
构成:had + done
He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work.
She had had dinner before she went out.
He left the office after he had called Davy.
⑵ 英语时态中的各种句型及其结构
一般现在时:主语+be+--
主语+do/does sth---
现在进行时:主语+be+doing sth ---
现在完成时:主语+have/has +过去分词+---
一般过去时:主语+be+--
主语+did sth+---
过去进行时:主语+be+doing sth + ---
过去完成时:主语+had +done sth ---
一般将来时:主语+be going to do sth ---
主语+will/shall do sth ---
主语+be going to do sth ---
主语+would/should do sth ---
被动语态:主语+be done ---
主语+be done ---
主语+be being done ---
主语+have/has/had been done ---
说明:do泛指动词原形,does泛指动词单三现,did泛指过去式,doing泛指现在分词,done泛指过去分词.
现分别举例如下:
I am a student.He is in the room.They are not here.She was a girl.I work hard.She works hard.I am studying math.They were studying math.They are going to study math.We have studied math .You had studied math.He will study math.She would study math .Math is studied by us.Math was being studied by us.Math has been studied by us .
⑶ 英语的所有句型和时态
时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1. 一般现在时
用法:
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)
2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法:现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法:
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)
注意事项
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例:This is the second time that the procts of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)
4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)
注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
例:1997年6月四级第45题
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leaked D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。
5. 一般过去时
用法:
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)
注意事项:
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。
6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.
A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。
注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)
分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。
7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)
注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。
8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
用法:
A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)
注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。
9. 一般将来时
用法:
A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)
C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)
D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
E) "be to do"的5种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)
c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural proction must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:1999年6月四级第65题
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
11. 将来完成时(will have done)
用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例:1997年1月四级第22题
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)
13)过去完成进行时:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)
14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)
15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)
16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)
⑷ 英语各种时态 的句子 结构
英语有八大时态,分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
一、一般现在时
1、概念:指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2、时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3、基本结构:动词+ 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4、否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5、一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时
1、概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2、时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3、基本结构:含有Be动词主语+was/were+形容词或者名词......
不含有be动词:主语+动词过去式+......
4、否定句:带be:主语+was/were not+形容词或者名词+......
不带be:主语+didn't+动词原形+......
三、一般将来时
1、概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2、时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3、基本结构:Be动词(am/is/are)+doing
4、否定形式:Be动词(am/is/are)+not+doing.
四、过去将来时
1、概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2、时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3、基本结构:was/were + doing
4、否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
五、现在进行时
1、概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2、时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3、基本结构:have/has + done
4、否定形式:have/has + not + done.
六、过去进行时
1、概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2、时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.
3、基本结构:had + done.
4、否定形式:had + not + done.
七、现在完成时
1、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2、时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3、基本结构:am/is/are + going to + do;will/shall + do.
4、否定形式:am/is/are + not+going to; 在行为动词前加will/shall(will适用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称)
八、过去完成时
1、概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2、时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3、基本结构:was/were + going to + do;would/should + do.
4、否定形式:was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
⑸ 一般将来时态英语句型结构 英语一般将来时态句型结构
一般将来时的句型 主语+will+谓语+宾语 就行了 希望对你有帮助,如果满意请采纳吧,谢谢
⑹ 一般将来时态英语句型结构
一般将来时的句型
主语+will+谓语+宾语
就行了
希望对你有帮助,如果满意请采纳吧,谢谢
⑺ 英语四种时态基本句型
英语的抄基本时态是16种而非袭4种。4时结合4态就形成了英语的16种核心时态。
英语的基本句型有两大种,一种是什么是什么的主系表句型;一种是什么干了什么的主谓宾句型,主谓宾句型又细分了4种。
这些你可以看下面的视频课程轻松的学会,https://ke.qq.com/course/105711
也可参考《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》这本书,看完就明白语法是什么了。
⑻ 英语语法 时态 句型连接
1 用过去式问 如果事情和现在有联系也可以用现在完成时
2 用前者比较好 一般情况专下不用进行时属的 只有一般现在时和过去式不用其他进行时
3 如果你把这两句话变为陈述句你就会发现你错了 应该说 there is some paper 或者 here is some paper 那何必要用have呢 更何谈is 或 do
你如果不知道什么句子用is 你可以把他变为否定句 直接把助动词提前就好了
4不会 整体用一般现在时就好了
5这个就是你自己的理解了
⑼ 初中英语所有句型结构,各种时态结构
英语各种时态的概念和句型结构
一、一般现在时
1、概念:表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 2、句型结构
(1)be(am,is,are)动词
陈述肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 陈述否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。 一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+其它? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?Who are they?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+be(am,is,are)+not+主语(相应的代词)? Tom is a doctor, isn’t he?
否定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+主语(相应的代词)? Tom isn’t a doctor , is he? (2)实义动词
陈述肯定句:其他人称:主语+v.原形+其它。 We go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人称单数:主语+v.s+其它。 Sally does her homework every day.
陈述否定句:其他人称:主语+don’t+v.原形+其它。 We don’t go to the beach every Sunday. 第三人称单数:主语+doesn’t+v.原形+其它。 Sally doesn’t do her homework every day. 一般疑问句:其他人称:Do+主语+v.原形+其它? Do we go to the beach every Sunday?
第三人称单数:Does+主语+v.原形+其它? Does Sally do her homework every day? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? 其他人称:Where do you go every Sunday? 第三人称单数:What does Sally do every day?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+don’t/doesn’t+主语(相应的代词)? 其他人称:We go to the beach every Sunday, don’t we? 第三人称单数:Sally does her homework every day, doesn’t she? 否定陈述句,+do/does+主语(相应的代词)?
其他人称:We don’t go to the beach every Sunday , do we? 第三人称单数:Sally doesn’t do her homework every day , does she?
二、一般过去时
1、概念:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2、句型结构
(1)be(was,were)动词
陈述肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+其它。I was at home yesterday. 陈述否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+其它. .I wasn’t at home yesterday.
一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+其它? Were you at home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Where were you yesterday?
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2
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wasn’t/weren’t+主语(相应的代词)? Mary was at school yesterday , wasn’t she? 否定陈述句,+was/were+主语(相应的代词)? Mary wasn’t at school yesterday , was she?
(2)实义动词(实义动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化) 陈述肯定句:主语+v.过去式+其它。 They had a meeting last Monday. 陈述否定句:主语+didn’t+v.原形+其它。 They didn’t have a meeting last Monday. 一般疑问句:Did+主语+v.原形+其它? Did they have a meeting last Monday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When did they have a meeting?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+didn’t+主语(相应的代词)? They had a meeting last Monday ,didn’t they? 否定陈述句,+did+主语(相应的代词)? They didn’ t have a meeting last Monday ,did they?
三、现在进行时
1、概念:表示正在发生的动作,也可以用来表示按计划或安排将要进行的
动作,有“意图”或“打算”等含义。 2、构成:be(am,is,are)+v.ing 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+v.ing+其它。 Mike is listening to music.
陈述否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+v.ing+其它。 Mike isn’t listening to music.
一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+v.ing+其它? IsMikelisteningtomusic?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Whoislisteningtomusic?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+not+主语(相应的代词)? Mikeislisteningtomusic,isn’the?
否定陈述句,+be(am,is,are)+主语(相应的代词)? Mike isn’t listening to music ,is he?
四、过去进行时
1、概念:表示在过去某一特定的时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作。 2、构成:be(was,were)+v.ing 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be(was,were)+v.ing+其它。 They were working this time yesterday.
陈述否定句:主语+be(was,were)+not+v.ing+其它。 They weren’t working this time yesterday. 一般疑问句:Be(was,were)+主语+v.ing+其它? Were they working this time yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? What were they doing this time yesterday?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wasn’t/weren’t+主语(相应的代词)? They were working this time yesterday , weren’t they?
3
否定陈述句,+was/were+主语(相应的代词)? They weren’t working this time yesterday ,were they?
五、一般将来时
1、概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2、构成:will(用于所有人称)/shall(只用于第一人称)+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+will+v.原形+其它。 Tina will buy a new pen next month. 陈述否定句:主语+won’t+v.原形+其它。 Tina won’ t buy a new pen next month. 一般疑问句:Will+主语+v.原形+其它? Will Tina buy a new pen next month? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When will Tina buy a new pen?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+won’t+主语(相应的代词)? Tina will buy a new pen next month ,won’t she? 否定陈述句,+will+主语(相应的代词)? Tina won’t buy a new pen next month ,will she?
begoingto+v.原形
1、概念:begoingto+v.原形表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的
事情。
2、构成:begoingto+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+be going to+v.原形+其它。
Tony is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 陈述否定句:主语+be+not+goingto+v.原形+其它。 Tony isn’t going to be a doctor when he grows up.
一般疑问句:Be+主语+goingto+v.原形+其它? Is Tony going to be a doctor when he grows up? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? ?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+be+not+主语(相应的代词)? ,isn’the? 否定陈述句,+be+主语(相应的代词)? Tonyisn’,ishe?
六、过去将来时
1、概念:表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将
来时常用于宾语从句中。 2、构成:would+v.原形 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+would+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling would visi ther uncle.
陈述否定句:主语+wouldn’t+v.原形+其它。 Wang Ling wouldn’t visit her uncle. 一般疑问句:Would+主语+v.原形+其它? Would Wang Ling visit he runcle? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Who would Wang Ling visit?
4
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+wouldn’t+主语(相应的代词)? Wang Ling would visit her uncle ,wouldn’t she? 否定陈述句,+would+主语(相应的代词)? Wang Ling wouldn’t visit her uncle ,would she?
七、现在完成时
1、概念:
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 (2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某
一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。表示动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 2、构成:have/has+v.过去分词 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+have/has+v.过去分词+其它。 I have already seen the film.
陈述否定句:主语+haven’t/hasn’t+v.过去分词+其它。 I haven’t seen the film yet.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+v.过去分词+其它? Have you seen the film yet? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? Who have seen the film?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+haven’t/hasn’t+主语(相应的代词)? They have seen the film ,haven’t they?
否定陈述句,+have/has+主语(相应的代词)? They haven’ t seen the film ,have they?
八、过去完成时
1、概念:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。它表示动作
发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用等构成的短语。 2、构成:had+v.过去分词 3、句型结构
陈述肯定句:主语+had+v.过去分词+其它。 Tim had reached the station before ten o’clock. 陈述否定句:主语+hadn’t+v.过去分词+其它。 Tim hadn’t reached the station before ten o’clock. 一般疑问句:Had+主语+v.过去分词+其它? Had Tim reached the station before ten o’clock? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? When had Tim reached the station?
反意疑问句:肯定陈述句,+hadn’t+主语(相应的代词)? Tim had reached the station before ten o’clock,hadn’t he? 否定陈述句,+had+主语(相应的代词)?
Tim hadn’t reached the station before ten o’clock,had he?
感叹句What+n.+主语+谓语!
What fine weather it is today! What an interesting story it is! How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! How cold it is today! How fast they are running!
祈使句肯定句:v.原形+其它.Open the door.Do it like this.
否定句:Don’t+v.原形+其它.Don’t open the door.
Don’t do it like this
⑽ 英语的四种时态结构
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.
时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词.
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词.
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首.
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.