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英语常见语法表

发布时间:2021-01-02 03:32:34

1. 英语语法 基本组成

【英语】简单句的五种基本句型
http://www.tesoon.com/作者:佚名来源:天星教育网更新时间:2014-04-11 10:11点击:38286
简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这五种基本句型是:
1.主语+不及物动词(主谓结构)
本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。此句型中不及物动词的常用法:
(1)一般表达型。此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。
如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
(2)主动形式表示被动含义型。此类动词常见的有:read, sell, wash, write, clean等。
如:The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。
This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。
2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构) 
本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)
如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。
It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。
(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)
如:Later he became a scientist.他后来成为一个科学家。
He is a student. 他是个学生。
(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)
如:He is near. 他在附近。
This is of importance. 这很重要。
You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾结构) 
此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
(1)主语+及物动词+名词或代词(作宾语)
如:He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去国外度假吗?
(2)主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can’t help, stick to等。
如:I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去散步。
You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。
(3)主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。
如:I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
(4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。如:remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事;stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事;forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事;regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事;go on to do sth.做完一件事接着做另一件事/go on doing sth.继续做同一件事;try to do sth. 试图做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。
如:Did you remember to feed the birds?你记着喂鸟了吗?
I remember feeding the birds. 我记得已喂了鸟。
4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓+双宾语结构)
此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词:
(1)用to变换间接宾语的动词:give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。
如:Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗?
Can you lend me that book? 或Can you lend that book to me? 你能把那本书借给我吗?
(2)用for变换间接宾语的动词:make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。
如:He bought me a bottle of ink. /He bought a bottle of ink for me.他为我买了一瓶墨水。
Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗?
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓+复合宾语结构)
此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词:
(1)接名词作宾补的动词:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。
如:They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。
I would make him king over the earth. 我会让他当世界之王。
(2)接形容词作宾补的动词:keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。
如:She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。
Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。
(3)接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词:see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。
如:He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。
(4)接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。
如:The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。
(5)有些动词后常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,这是英语中常用的句型,即"主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语"。常见动词有think, find, consider等。
如:I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
节选自

2. 英语语法大全

初三英语总复习资料
介词
I. 要点
1、介词和种类
(1) 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 复合介词,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1) at, on, in(表时间)
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边",而besides意为"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II. 例题
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为"除了…",C-beside意为"在…旁边",不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外,还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我们均知道,at night这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配,意为"期望、盼望"。
连词
I. 要点
1、 连词的种类
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
2、 常用连词举例
(1)and 和,并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 当…时候,而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18)since自从…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:该处意为"然而",只有while有此意思,故选D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:该处意为"或者",正确答案为C。
动词时态、语态
I. 要点
1、 一般现在时
(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如:It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被动语态 被动语态的时态,以give为例。
时/式 一般 进行 完成
现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have
过去 was given were was being given were had been given
将来 shall be given will shall have been given will
过去将来 should be given would should have been given would

II.例题
例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态。
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
短语动词
I. 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种:
(1) 动词+介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 动词+副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 动词+副词+介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 动词+名词+介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 动词+形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 动词+名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(让给,暴露) 和 give up(放弃,停止)
put away(放起,收起) 和 put out (扑灭)
turn up(出席,放大) 和 turn on (打开)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)
make up(编造,补上) 和 make out(辨认)
take off(脱,起飞) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例题
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:该题正确uot;;give away意为"分发";lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词,意为"保持联系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
动词不定式
I. 要点
1、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

式|语态 主动语态 被动语态

一般式 to write to be written

完成式 to have written to have been written

进行式 to be writing

完成进行式 to have been writing

2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主语
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。如:It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作宾语
通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如:
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表语
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定语
不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如:
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作宾补
通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如:
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作状语
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑问词+不定式"结构。 如:
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如:
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 结构。如:
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了,乐意去)
(12)主动表被动。如:
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例题
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析:该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语,修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系",所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析:该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析:该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。

3. 常用的英语语法有哪些呢

语从句(Subject
Clause)
定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末
状语从句
(Adverbial
Clause)
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子.它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子.根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句.状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起.从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开.
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
下面这个材料供参考.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如:
I
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I
had
no
idea
that
you
were
here.我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等.如:
I’ve
come
from
Mr
wang
with
a
message
that
he
won’t
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon.
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词
that,whether,连接副词
how,when,where等.(注:if,which
不能引导同位语从句.)如:
l
have
no
idea
When
he
will
be
back.我不知道他什么时候回来.
He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
to
it
or
not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开.如:
Several
years
later,word
came
that
Napoleon
himself
was
coming
to
inspect
them.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视
察他们.
The
thought
came
to
him
that
maybe
the
enemy
had
fled
the
city.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如:
The
news
that
l
have
passed
the
exam
is
true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.)
The
news
that
he
told
me
just
now
is
true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.)
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如:
The
idea
that
computers
can
recognize
human
voices
surprises
many
people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.(that在从句中不充当任何成份.)
The
idea
that
he
gave
surprises
many
people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
(that在从句中作gave的宾语.)
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形
式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.

4. 英语共计多少种语法全部的,多少种词。

一共16个时态,分别是:

1、一般现在时 。

2、一般过去时 。

3、一般将来时。

4、一般过去将来时。

5、现在进行时 。

6、过去进行时 。

7、将来进行时 。

8、过去将来进行时。

9、现在完成时 。

10、过去完成时 。

11、将来完成时 。

12、过去将来完成时。

13、现在完成进行时 。

14、过去完成进行时 。

15、将来完成进行时 。

16、过去将来完成进行时。

(4)英语常见语法表扩展阅读

英语测试

英国:国际英语测试系统(IELTS,International English Language Testing System,雅思),剑桥英文认证(Cambridge Main Suit),剑桥商务英语(Cambridge Business EnglishCertificate)。

美国:托福(TOEFL),机考托福(CBT;逐渐废除),网考托福(iBT),托业(TOEIC,商用英文考试),英语口语水平测试(TSE)。

中国大陆:,大学英语考试(CET),大学英语四级考试(CET-4),大学英语六级考试(CET-6),高等学校英语专业考试(TEM),英语专业四级考试(TEM-4),英语专业八级考试(TEM-8),英语等级考试(PETS)。

中国台湾:全民英语能力分级检定测验(GEPT)。

5. 常见英语语法介绍

时态讲解
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。
五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。
(六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)
You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物动词与不及物动词
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。
1.及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 宾语(动作的对象):是名词或代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(如动名词)。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。
4.举例:“看”
(1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟)
(3)look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语了)
连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。
一、 连系动词的类型有:
1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事项
1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
终止性动词与延续性动词
终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。 例如:get arrive 这类动词不与一段时间连用
终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语.
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?

6. 英语的常用语法

常用语法有 一、句型1——主语+谓语

我们知道,一个句子是为了说明一件事(或表达一种感情),最简单的表达方式,就是“谁,怎么样了”。这里的“谁”,就是句子的主语,它的内涵很丰富,可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”,就是句子的谓语,由动词充当。主语+谓语,即构成一个最简单的句子。举一些简单的例子:

I dance.

She died.

we agree.

……

二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语

句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语,宾语是什么呢?还是从句子表达事情的角度看,可以理解为“谁,对谁怎么样了”。宾语,就是主语借助一个动作(谓语)作用的一个对象。还是举一些简单的例子:

I hate him.

I love you.

I dance with her.(注意,为什么这里多了一个with,学过动词那一节的同学肯定知道哦~)

……

三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

在这个句型里,我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语,直接宾语,就是谓语动词直接作用的对象,而间接宾语,是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象,再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。

如,I give him a book.(“给”,这个动作,最终作用的对象是“书”,但需要先通过“他”,把“给”这个动作传递到书)

注意,如果理解不了这种句型,关系并不大,只有很少一些动词需要通过接两个宾语的方式来表达完整的意思,记住这些动词就行了。

四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

相对于句型2,这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语,“补足”意思就是补充说明,所以宾语补足语的作用,就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。

I want you to go with me.(我要你,要你干什么呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,这个部分就是宾语补足语。)

注意,在这种句型中,补足语可能不是一个具体的单词

五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语

还记得系动词吗?我们在动词那一节也讲过哦,这里就不复习了。这个句型,就是在讲如何使用系动词。表语,就是跟在系动词后面的成分的一个统称,不用过分在意它是什么意思。感官类系动词,其后一般接形容词;be动词后一般接名词(或不定式等)。同样举一些最简单的例子:

It smells good.

She is a teacher.

……

7. 英语常用的几个语法点有什么,

英语常用的几个语法点有什么, 中学语法大全 代词
目录
人称代词的用法 2
人称代词之主、宾格的版替换权 2
代词的指代问题 3
并列人称代词的排列顺序 3
物主代词 4
双重所有格 4
反身代词 4
相互代词 5
指示代词 6
疑问代词 7
关系代词 8
every, no, all, both,... 9
none, few, some, any,... 10
代词比较辩异one, that和it 11
one/another/the other 11
"the"的妙用 12
anyone/any one;... 12
both, either, neither,... 13
many, much 14
few, little, a few,... 14

8. 英语语法,常见的系动词都有哪些谢谢!

常见的系动词有:become(成为),sound(听起来),get(变成),remain(还是),seem(似乎是),look(看上去),turn(变成),feel(感觉),appear(出现、显现),be(是),feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来)等

1、be

Be,英语单词,俗称“be动词”,根据时态语态变化为is、am、are或保留原型be,与动词的现在分词连用,构成各种进行时态,常作系动词、助动词,被动语态中可表被动等。美音[bi];英音[bi:]。

2、get

get是一个英语单词,可以用作名词和动词,可以翻译为得到、抓住,等等。get是五个最常用的英语动词之一,但它常用于非正式的口语或书面语中。

3、look

看,望,瞪,显示;注视;显得

这里look是表感官的系动词(相当于系动词be),这类词叫做半系动词。半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语。

4、turn

turn,作为英文单词,是转动,旋转,转变方向的意思。还有,TURN协议,允许NAT或者防火墙后面的对象可以通过TCP或者UDP接收到数据。这在使用了对称式的NAT(或者防火墙)的网络中尤其具有实用价值。另外,还是苏格兰乐队TRAVIS的单曲。

5、feel

feel是一个英文单词。可做系动词,后常跟省to不定式也可跟形容词或触觉;作不及物动词是感觉的意思;作系动词是觉得的意思。

(8)英语常见语法表扩展阅读:

常见的系动词用法

1、可以省略to be的系动词,比如:seem, appear, turn out The examination turned out( to be)easy.结果是考试很容易。

The baby appears(to be) hungry 宝宝似乎是饿了。

She doesn't want to go on studying. It seems a pity 她不想学下去了,这似乎很可惜。

2、作系动词的感官动词,比如:look,feel, sound, taste, smell Tom felt sleepy so he decided to take a nap 汤姆感到困了,所以决定小睡一会儿。

You sound unhappy. what's the matter? 你说话听起来不高兴。怎么回事?

3、表示变化的系动词,比如:go,get,fall,turn,grow, become等。如:

fall ill生病, fall asleep睡熟, turn writer= become a writer成为作家, go bad/mad/ blind/ grey/pale变坏/变疯/变瞎/头发变白/脸变苍白, go unnoticed未被注意到, get hurt受伤, get angry生气

The rain is getting heavier and heavier. 雨变得越来越大。

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