Ⅰ 人教版七年级英语上册重点短语总汇,语法总结
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么？
-主语＋be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例： －what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢
例：Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例：Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是：
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raning!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于（做）某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型／日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
medium height/build 中等高度／身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼镜
have a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like mplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三\日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you?
--I’d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、词组
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作业
如：do my homework 做我的家庭作业
play +运动或棋类
如：play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +乐器 如：play the guitar 弹吉他
go to the movies 去看电影
do some reading 阅读
study for the (math) test 准备（数学）考试
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜访某人
go shopping 去购物
last month 上个月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 寻找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了
二、句型
（1）I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.
过去式的构成
(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不规则动词的过去
am/is—was are—were have-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组
ptetty good 相当好；不错
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有点无聊
be lost 迷路
feel happy 感到高兴
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park 中央公园
the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very happy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”，“做某事很有趣”
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事（to可省）
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬动) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事（整个过程）
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、词组
talk show 谈话节目
soap opera 肥皂剧
sports show 体育节目
game show 比赛节目
think of 认为
how about… …怎么样？＝what about…
in fact 事实上
a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩＝ The boy is thirteen years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …谈话
thanks for… 为…感谢
each student 每个学生
key ring 钥匙链
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can’t stand 不能忍受
don’t mind 不介意／无所谓／不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如：What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.
一、词组
school rules 学校规章制度
break the rules 违反规章制度
in the hallways 在过道
listen to music 听音乐
in the music room 在音乐教室里
in the dining hall 在餐厅
sports shoes 运动鞋
gym class 体育课
after school 放学后
have to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o’clock 十点之前
make dinner 做饭
the children’s palace 少年宫
二、句型
(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you have to do?
-- We have to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can’t.
(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don’t.
重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1)Be型（即系动词原型be+表语＋其他）。
如：Be quiet,please.
否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。
如：Don’t be angry.
2)Do型（即系动词原形＋宾语＋其他）。如：
Open you books,please.
否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。
如：Don’t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：
Let me help you.
Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：
Let’ not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：
No smoking! 严禁吸烟！
No talking! 不许交谈！
No passing! 禁止通行！
No parking! 不许停车
Ⅱ 七年级上册英语语法归纳
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三． 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到达某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣 be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 decide to do sth 决定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 给某人某物 give sth to sb 给某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb sth=help sth to sb it’s time for sth 该做某事了 it’s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了
it’s time to do sth 该做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事
make sb do sth 让某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意（某人）做某事
pass sb sth 把某物递给某人 pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
practice doing sth 练习做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事
remember to do sth 记得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事
show sb sth 给某人看某物 show sth to sb 给某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事 spend…on sth 花费…在某物上
start doing sth 开始做某事 start to do sth 开始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来再做某事
talk about sth 谈论某事 talk to/with sb 与某人交谈
tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
Ⅲ 义务教育课程标准实验教科书七年级上英语语法、句型和短语归纳
Period One(七年级上Units 1-12)
一、大纲要求
词汇
单词
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week
短语
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to
句型
重点句型
What’s…name? Where’s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?
交际用语
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!
二、重点解析
单词：
1. have
have是英语中一个非常重要的动词，它在不同的词组中，具有不同的含义，现将其用法简要归纳如下：
(1) 作“有”讲时，强调“所属关系”，表示“拥有”的意思。其主语常为人或物。eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一台新电脑。
I have many story books. 我有许多故事书。
(2) “have + 表示一日三餐的名词”，意为“吃、用餐”。 eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning. 我每天早上七点钟吃早饭。
(3) “have + 表示食品、饮料等名词”，意为“吃、喝”。eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些面包。
Please have a cup of tea. 请喝杯茶。
(4) “have + 表示动作的名词”，没有固定的意思，常与表示动作的动词同义。eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look（at…）（朝……）看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一点（……）
(5) “have + 表示某种活动的名词”， 意为“进行、举行”。eg:
have a class 上课 have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
2. start
start 动词，意思是“开始，出发”，可用于start to do sth. 和start doing sth.结构中。eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8点钟开始上课。
I start to watch TV. 我开始看电视。
They start singing. 他们开始唱歌。
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等词在英语中被称为“频度副词”，是用来表示动作或状态的
频率。使用时位置如下：
(1)放在be动词之后。eg:
He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。
(2)放在行为动词之前。eg:
She always does her work well. 她总是把工作做得很好。
(3)放在情态动词或助动词之后。eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置较灵活，可放在句首，也可放在句中，有时还可放在句尾。eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有时他步行去上学。
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有时在星期六去看我的叔叔。
词语辨析：
1. each &every
each 代词，意为“每个”，可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语，强调个体。而every 是形容词，意思为“每，每个”，只能作定语，强调全体或全部。eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每个女孩都有一个香蕉。（此句不能用every替换each）
Give the boys two apples each. 给每个男孩两个苹果。（此句不能用every替换each）
Each boy has a sweater. 每个男孩都有一件毛衣。
Every boy has a T-shirt. 每个男孩都有一件T恤衫。
2. look ( look at)& see
两者汉语中的意思相近，都有“看”的意思。但英语中两词的用法截然不同。look表示“看”的过程，并不表明“看到”。而且look是不及物动词，如果表示“看某物（人）”，look后要加介词at；而see指“看到”，表示“结果”。eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板！（look只表示“看”，并不一定“看到”）
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什么？
(see表示“看到”，即 “看的结果”)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示“也”，但在使用的时候too 和also一般用于肯定的陈述句和疑问句中,其中too放在句末，前面多用逗号隔开；also放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。either 一般放在否定句的句末。 eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜欢喜剧。
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either. 安不喜欢恐怖片，我也不喜欢。
句型：
1. —What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮。
(1) 询问别人姓名，更委婉礼貌的说法有：My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接说：I’m Jenny.
(2) 动词be变化表
原形
现在式过去式
过去分词
现在分词
be
am/is→was
are→were
been
being
2. What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？
其他几种不同的表达方式：What’s this called in English? What’s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在该句中为介词，表示“用……方式”。
3. It’s under the bed. 它在床下面。
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方，两者之间不接触。 eg:
The cat is under the table. 猫在床子底下。
(2)on 表示在某物的上面，但两者可互相接触。 eg:
The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。
(3)in 表示“在……内部，在……里面”。eg:
They are in the office. 他们在办公室里。
(4)near 表示在某物的附近，意为“接近，靠近” eg:
My house is near a bookstore. 我家在一个书店附近。
(5)behind 表示在某物体的后面。 eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我后面。
4. Do you like hamburgers? 你喜欢汉堡包吗？
(1) like v. 喜欢
① like sb./sth. eg:
I like the book. 我喜欢这本书。
② like to do sth. 表示目前一时爱好做某事。 eg:
I like to play volleyball. 我想去玩排球。
③ like doing sth. 表示习惯上喜欢做某事。 eg:
I like dancing. 我喜欢跳舞。
(2) like 作介词，表示“像”，与look 或be 连用。 eg:
He looks like his father. 他长得像他爸爸。
She is like an English girl. 她像个英国女孩。
Do it like this. 照这样做。
5. OK, I’ll take it. 好吧，那我把他带走了。
take v. 拿，取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花费某人多少时间 eg:
It took him an hour to get there. 他花了一个小时才到那儿。
(2) take out 带出（人），邀请，取出（物） eg:
I’m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我带孩子们去看电影。
(3) take + a + 名词= have + a + 名词 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短语: take part in 参加 take place 发生 take care of 照顾
[注] ① take 当 “拿走，带到”讲时，指把东西带到别的地方，即把东西从近处带到远处。eg: Take the books to the classroom. 把这些书拿到教室里去。
② bring也是“拿”的意思，指把东西从别的地方带到说话人所在地或者他指定的地点
即把东西从远处带到近处，意为“拿来”“带来”“取来”。eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 请把这些书带到我家来。
6. Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗？
Can 为情态动词，意思是“能，会，可以”。
(1) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即无论主语是第一人称、第二人称还是第三人称，无论是单数还是复数，情态动词都没有变化。
(2) 情态动词后面要跟动词原形。eg:
He can speak French. 他会说法语。
(3) 带情态动词的句子变为疑问句时，将情态动词提前；变否定句时，在情态动词后加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can’t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能帮助小孩游泳吗？
(1)help 可作动词，指“帮助，援助”，常指积极地给予实际的精神的或物质的帮助，帮助的人值得信赖。eg:
He helped me to find the train station. 他帮我找到了火车站。
常用的句式有：
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面帮助某人。eg:
The teacher helps him with his English. 老师帮助他学习英语。
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常帮妈妈做家务。
(2) 动词help 还可作 “吃（会餐用语）讲。eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 请随意吃水果吧。
(3) can’t help doing sth. 表示“禁不住做某事”；can’t help sb. to do sth. 表示“不能帮助某人做某事”。 eg:
I can’t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起来。
I can’t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉。
(4) help 可用作名词，指“帮助，救济”。 eg:
I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。
8. I can play the guitar. 我会玩吉他。
(1) play 的宾语为乐器时，意为“演奏“，乐器名词前要加定冠词the. eg:
play the violin (the piano) 拉小提琴（弹钢琴）
(2) play 后面可接表示球类的名词，意为 “打球”或 “踢球”，球类名词前不加任何冠词或其他
限定词，该名词也不用复数形式。eg:
play basketball 打篮球，不能说 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的宾语常为玩的东西。eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具（雪，火等）
(4) play 还可作名词，意为“剧”。 eg: TV play 电视剧。
9. — Can you draw? 你会画画吗？
— Yes, a little. 是的，会一点。
(1) a little“一点，稍微”，为程度副词，作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词。eg:
I like her a little. 我有点喜欢她。（修饰动词）
The T-shirt is a little big. 这件T恤衫有点大。（修饰形容词）
(2) a little后加名词，意思是“一些，少许”，表示肯定概念，作定语，修饰不可数名词。 eg:
I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。
(3) little后加名词，意思是“几乎没有，很少的”，表示否定概念。eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我几乎不会说日语。
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick? 雷克，你经常几点起床？
— I usually get up at five o'clock. 我经常五点起床。
若询问“某人什么时间做某事”，可用“What time do /does＋主语＋动词原形＋……”句型。其中what time是用来对具体时间提问的，可以用when替换。若问时间，一般说“What's the time?”，也可以说“What time is it?”，回答说“It's...”，不能说“The time is...”。eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什么时间睡觉？
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大约11点睡觉。
— What's the time? 几点了？
— It's 11 o'clock. 11点。
[注]what time 与when 都可以表示“什么时候”。前者所表示的时间比较精确，指“几点钟”、“几时几分”；后者表示的时间范围较广，有时也可以指“几点钟”、“几时几分”，用来代替 what time。
语法：
1. 可数名词&不可数名词
不可数名词通常指不能以数目来计算的东西。它一般没有复数形式。前面不能用many, several, a few 等词修饰，但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等词修饰。eg:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。
可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个的人或东西。因此它有复数形式，
其构成规则如下：
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加-s
清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers
以s, x, ch, sh结尾
加-es
-es读[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches
以ce, se, ze, ge结尾的词
加-s
读[iz]
orange-oranges house-houses
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词
变y为i加-es
-es读[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories
以元音字母＋y结尾的词
加-s
读[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keys monkey-monkeys
以f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为v，再加-es
-ves读[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves
以辅音字母＋o结尾的词
加-es
-es读[z]
tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes
加-s
-s读[z]
photo-photos, zoo-zoos
radio-radios kilo-kilos
[注]① 以th 结尾的名词变为复数时，mouth-mouths month-months
② 单复数同形的名词 sheep-sheep 绵羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中国人
fish-fish 鱼
(2) 不可数名词不能直接用a (an)或数词来修饰。若要表示它的个体意义时，必须与一个表示量的短语连用。eg:
a piece of news 一条新闻 a cake of soap 一块肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代词代替不可数名词，不能用one 来代替。
试比较：
He would like pears. Please give one to him. 他想要吃梨。请给他一个。
(句中的pears 是可数名词复数形式，可用one 代替其单数。)
He would like bread. Please give some to him. 他想吃面包，请递给他一块。
(句中的some 不能用one 来代替。)
2. 冠词的用法
冠词位于名词之前，用来说明所指的人或物。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
(1) 不定冠词a, an
a 和an 是不定冠词的两种形式。a 用在以辅音（指发音不指字母）开头的词前，而 “an” 用在以元音（指发音不指字母）开头的词前。eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示数量“一”。
② 泛指人或事物的类别。 eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
③ 第一次提到某人或某物。 eg.
There is a new desk in my room. 我房间里有一张新书桌。
④ 用于某些固定短语中。 eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠词the.
the 是定冠词，它常用于：
① 特指某一个（些）人或事物。 eg.
The book on the desk is Lily’s. 书桌上的那本书是莉莉的。
②谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 eg.
—Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？
—It’s on the wall. 在墙上。
③第二次提到的人或物。 eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房间里有张桌子。桌子上有张地图。
④序数词，最高级的形容词前面。 eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 杰克是我们班上最高的男孩。
⑤用于某些专有名词之前。 eg.
The United States. 美国
⑥世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面。 eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大。
⑦用在一些习惯用语中。 eg. in the afternoon. 在下午 on the left 在左边
3. 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词与其后面的名词之间的所有或隶属关系，其功能如同物主代词，意为“某
人的……”或“某物的……”。
英语中的名词所有格有两种形式： “名词＋’s”所有格和of 所有格。
(1)“名词＋’s”所有格
① 单数名词后直接加’s；若单数名词以s结尾，只需要加’。eg:
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones’ mother 琼斯的妈妈
② 以s结尾的复数名词，只加' 。 eg:
Teachers’ Day 教师节 the twins’ books 双胞胎的书
③ 不以s 结尾的不规则的名词复数，加’s。 eg:
Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s；表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’s。
注意比较：
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特各自的房间
(2) of 所有格：动物和无生命名词的所有格一般使用介词of 短语来表示。eg:
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of our school 一张我们学校的图片
有时有生命的东西也用of 所有格，可与“名词＋’s”所有格互换。 eg:
the name of the boy =the boy’s name 这个男孩的名字
额外收获：
① 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词也可以使用“名词＋’s”所有格。eg:
a few years’ time 几年时间 today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
② 有些名词的所有格表示住所、诊所、商店时，常去掉后面被修饰的词。 eg:
to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家
三、巩固练习
1. Han Lei, Jim and I in No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are all D. all （2003. 东北师大附中）
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. children D. childs (2003. 天津)
3. If you don’t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. an C. the D. / （2003. 青岛）
4. The students are listening their teacher very carefully.
A. to B. on C. for D. at （2003. 天津）
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down （2003. 南京）
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How many B. How price C. How money D. How much （2003. 黄冈）
7. An apple a day is good your health.
A. at B. for C. in D. with （2003. 烟台）
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I had wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. / （2003. 杭州）
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, it B. you, he C. your, it D. your, that （2003. 山东）
10. Jim’s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likes B. like, like B. likes, like D. likes, likes （2003. 宁夏）
11. China lies the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on （2003. 天津）
12. I’ll tell you news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few （2003. 四川）
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white .
A. one B. ones C. those D. one’s
14. There’ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
15. John’s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of .
A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’s C. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homework C. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s
18. The color of my trousers different from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot of down there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空。
① He ride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③ I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No,, you /Yes, you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you .
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you . / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.
Ⅳ 人教版七年级英语下册单词、短语、语法复习
1. 他轻轻走出教室,因为他惟恐打扰了他人.
He went out of the classroom quietly ____________________________________________.
2. 在下雨，恐怕火车不能准点到了。
It’s raining. ____________________________________________. on time.
3. 今天他早起了一点，这样上学就不会迟到了。
He got up a little earlier so that ____________________________________________.
4. 帮助别人也会给我们自己带来很多快乐。
Helping others ____________________________________________.
5. 大部分青少年喜欢上网。
Most of the teenagers ____________________________________________.
6. 你介意帮我一把吗？盒子太沉了。
____________________________________________.? The box is too heavy.
7. 现在已是春天，天气越来越暖和了。
It’s spring now. The weather ____________________________________________.
8. 我们每天都应该帮父母做家务。
We’re supposed to____________________________________________.
9. 你愿意花时间志愿帮助老人吗？
____________________________________________. help the old?
10. 我喜欢流行歌曲。他们总让我激动。
I like pop songs. They always ____________________________________________.
11. Sam喜欢运动，而Tom喜欢静静地读书。
Sam likes playing sports, ____________________________________________.
12. 我们来踢足球吧。
我有一点累了，我愿意睡一会儿。
--- ____________________________________________.
--- I’m a little tired. ____________________________________________. for a while.
13. 大部分人都喜欢音乐。有的人喜欢可以随之哼唱的音乐,有的人则喜欢可以随之起舞的音乐。
Most people like music. ____________________________________________.they can sing
along with, ____________________________________________.
14. 我刚才听见有人在走廊大声说话。
I ____________________________________________. in the hallways just now.
15. 连续学习三个多小时后，Amy停下来休息。
After____________________________________________. for more than three hours, Amy ____________________________________________.
16. 别爬树了。危险。
____________________________________________.It’s dangerous!
17. 下周日是妈妈的生日了。给她一个让她想不到的礼物如何
Next Sunday is mother’s birthday. ____________________________________________.?
18. 您能给我们一些假期的建议吗？
____________________________________________. for the vacation?
Key:
1. He went out of the classroom quietly because he was afraid of troubling others.
2. It’s raining. I’m afraid that the train can’t arrive on time.
3. He got up a little earlier so that he wouldn’t be late for school today.
4. Helping others brings us a lot of happiness as well.
5. Most of the teenagers enjoy surfing the Internet.
6. Do you mind giving me a hand? The box is too heavy.
7. It’s spring now. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
8. We’re supposed to help parents do some chores every day.
9. Would you like to volunteer your time to help the old?
10. I like pop songs. They always make me excited.
11. Sam likes playing sports, while Tom enjoys reading quietly.
12. --- Let’s play football.
--- I’m a little tired. I like to sleep for a while.
13. Most people like music. Some like music they can sing along with, others like music they can
dance to.
14. I heard someone talk loudly in the hallways just now.
15. After keeping studying for more than three hours, Amy stopped to have a rest.
16. Stop climbing the tree. It’s dangerous!
17. Next Sunday is mother’s birthday. How about giving her a surprise gift?
18. Could you please give us some suggestions for the vacation?
be afraid of doing sth / that
be famous / late / ready / sorry for
buy / give /show / send / pass / bring / lend / tell sb sth
enjoy / hate / finish / mind / keep / go on doing sth
get + 比较级
help sb (to) do / help sb with
Would you like to …?
keep / make sth + adj.
like to do / like doing
make / let sb (not) do sth
One … the other … / Some … others …
see / hear sb do (doing) sth
stop to do / stop doing
What about / How about …?
Will (Would, Could) you please …?
Ⅳ 七年级英语上册重点短语、句子、语法带翻译
http://www.pep.com.cn/index.htm
http://www.pep.com.cn/index.htm
Ⅵ 人教版最全的七年级上册英语语法整理
1.一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词) We clean the room every day.
一般现在时：do(n't)/does(n't)
2.一般过去时:主语+did We cleaned the room just now.
一般过去式：did(n't)+V.原
3.现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing We are cleaning the room now.
现在进行时：am(not)/is(n't)/are(n't)+V.ing
4.过去进行时:was/were doing .We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
过去进行时：was(n't)/were(n't)+V.ing
5.现在完成时: have/has done We have cleaned the room already.
现在完成时：have(n't)/has(n't)+过去分词（p.p.)
6.过去完成时: had done We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
过去完成时：had+p.p.
7.一般将来时: will do/ We will clean the room tomorrow.
一般将来时：will(not)+V.ing / is(n't)/are(n't)+going to +V.原
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do He said he would clean the room next
过去将来时：would(n't) / was(n't)/were(n't)+V.原
动词不定式：to+V.ing
一、 一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：often，usually，always，sometimes，every week（day，year，month．．．），once a week，on Sundays，etc．
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：① am ／is ／are ＋not；②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词 do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week（year，night，month．．．），in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc．
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：① was／were ＋not；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放在句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now，at this time，these days，etc．
基本结构：am／is／are ＋doing
否定形式：am／is／are ＋not＋doing
一般疑问句：把be动词放在句首
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：was／were ＋doing
否定形式：was／were ＋not＋doing
一般疑问句：把was或were放在句首
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently，lately，since．．．，for．．．，in the past few years，etc．
基本结构：have／has ＋done
否定形式：have／has ＋not＋done
一般疑问句：have／has放于句首
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某一时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before，by the end of last year（term，month．．．），etc．
基本结构：had ＋done
否定形式：had ＋not＋done
一般疑问句：had放于句首
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow，next day（week，month，year．．．．），soon，in a few minutes，by．．．，the day after tomorrow，etc．
基本结构：①am／is／are／going to ＋do；②will／shall＋do
否定形式：①am／is／are ＋not＋going to ＋do；② will／shall＋not＋do
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；② will／shall提到句首
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day（morning，year．．．），the following month（week．．．），etc．
基本结构：①was／were／going to ＋do；② would／should ＋do
否定形式：①was／were／not＋going to ＋do；②would／should ＋not＋do
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would／should提到句首
take sb sth=take sth to sb
play sports=do sports
a lot of=lofs of
want+名词 想要某物
当主语是人want to do sth想做某事
当主语是物want doing 意思同上
12个月及说出生年月的顺序
go不能直接跟宾语（除了副词外，如：go home,go here,go there）
play直接加体育运动，不能直接加乐器，要加上a或the，如：play a guitar
介词后跟名词代词动名词
at＋时间，如：at 7:00
主语＋谓语＋宾语（my name is lin）
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如：
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如：
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如：
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如：
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如：
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如：
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀？
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如：
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？
②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
Ⅶ 谁知道七年级上册英语的语法和句型
新目标英语七年级上册语法知识与句型总结 Review of Units 1~7 一. 考点归纳 1. Hello, Gina. Good morning. 嗨，吉娜。早上好。英文中常用的问候语及其回答：－Hello. －Hello. ―Hi. ―Hi. ―Good morning. ―Good morning. ―Good afternoon. ―Good afternoon. ―Good evening. ―Good evening. ―Good night. ―Good night.晚安。（晚上分别时） ―How do you do? 你好。（初次见面时互相问好） ―How do you do? 你好。 ―How are you? 你好吗？（已相识者问对方好？）―Fine, thank you.好，谢谢。 2. Sorry, I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。 sorry “对不起” 用于引出某一过错。 Excuse me. “对不起” 用于引起对方的注意。例如： 1）I’m sorry I can’t speak English.对不起，我不会说英语。 2）Excuse me, is this your backpack?打扰一下，这是你的背包吗？ 3. Nice to meet you! 很高兴认识你！--Nice to meet you,too! 4. What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？ 1) 同义句：What’s the English for this? 2) 用什么语言，介词用in: “in + 某种语言”. 例如： in English 用英语 in Chinese 用汉语 in Japanese 用日语 5. Let’s learn English. 让我们学英语。（一） let’s = let us 让我们Let’s learn English.让我们学习英语吧。= Why not learn English?为什么不学习英语呢？= What/How about learning English? 学习英语怎么样？（二） let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 例如：Let me play the guitar. 注意：1）let sb. do sth. 中的sb.若是代词要用宾格形式。 Let she sing an English song. (×) Let her sing an English song. (√) 2）let sb. do sth.. 中的sb.即使是第三人称单数后面的动词仍用原形，例如： Let him plays soccer. (×) Let him play soccer. (√) 3）learn from 向……学习, 例如：Let us learn from Lei Feng.让我们向雷锋学习。 4 ) learn to do sth..学会干某事 例如： He learns to speak a little French.他学会说一点法语。 6. What color is this sweater? 这个毛衣是什么颜色？ 1) 对颜色提问的两种方法：What color …? = What’s the color of …? 例如： What color is your sweater? = What’s the color of your sweater?你的毛衣是什么颜色？ What color are these pants? 这些裤子是什么颜色？ 2) color是可数名词，例如：I don’t like these colors.我不喜欢这些颜色。 7. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？ 1) 对姓名的几种提问及回答： What’s your name? = May I have/know your name?My name is … = I’m … 2) 姓氏：family name / last name 名字： first name 全名：full name 8. Is this your dictionary? 这是你的字典吗？答：Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 例如： Is that your brother’s backpack? --Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 9. Call John at 495-3539. 给约翰打电话495-3539。 Please call Gina, her phone number is 2684753.=Please call Gina at 2684753. 10. Thanks for the photo of your family. 感谢你的全家福照片。 1) Thanks. = Thank you. (√) 感谢你。 2) Thanks for + sth./doing sth. 为……而感谢你。例如： Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me. 感谢你的帮助。 3) the photo of your family=your family photo你的全家福照片 11. Here is my family photo. 这是我的全家福照片。 1)倒装句式：副词＋谓语＋主语（名词）Here is your letter.这是你的信。介词短语＋谓语＋主语（名词） On the dresser is my photo. 介词＋主语（代词）＋谓语 Here you are. 给你。 2) Here is/ are... .常用于把某物递给说话的对象 This is ... .也表示“这是……。”但通常用于介绍； 12. Please take these things to your brother. 请把这些东西带给你弟弟。 take, bring, carry 和get的区别： 1)take “带走”，从近处带到远处，例如： Please take these books to your home after school.放学后把这些书带回你的家。 bring “带来”，从远处带来，例如：Please bring me some books.请给我带些书来。 2) get “去拿来”，相当于go and bring，例如： Can I get my pen?我可以去把我的钢笔拿来吗？ 3) carry ”搬动”， 无方向，Can you help me carry this case?能帮我搬这个箱子吗？ 13. I need my hat, my ID card, my notebook and my pencils. 我需要我的帽子，身份证，笔记本和铅笔。 need v. 需要 1) need ＋ sth./sb. “需要…” 例如：She really needs these books. 她真的需要这些书。 2) need to do sth. “需要做……” 例如：I need to listen to some relaxing music.我需要听一些令人放松的音乐。 14. There are some books in the bookcase. 书柜里有些书。 There be 句型 1）构成及意义There be + n. + 某处. 在某处有什么。例如：There is an alarm clock on the dresser.梳妆台上有一个闹钟。 There are some keys in the drawer.抽屉里有一些钥匙。 2) 否定式 例如：There isn’t a baseball on the floor.地上没有一个棒球。 There aren’t any books in the bookcase. 书柜里没有一些书。 3) 疑问句及回答例如：Is there an alarm clock on the dresser?.梳妆台上有一个闹钟吗？Yes ,there is.是的，有。No, there isn’t.不，没有。 4）There be句型的就近原则：若有两个或两个以上的主语是，谓语常与靠近它的那个主语一致。例如：There is a book, two pens and some cups on the table. There are two pens, some cups and a book on the table. 5)变疑问句或否定句时，应将原句中的some改为any。
Ⅷ 人教版英语七年级上册主要学习哪些语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
[第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么？
[误] What are the woman teachers doing？
[正] What are the women teachers doing？
[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men, women.
2. 房间里有多少人？
[误] How many peoples are there in the room？
[正] How many people are there in the room？
[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构，其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学？
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school？
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school？
[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。
6. 这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的，不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8. 吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
[误] Can you find the answer of this question？
[正] Can you find the answer to this question？
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。