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八年级上册英语常考语法

发布时间:2020-12-30 20:49:15

❶ 英语初一至初二水平,单词积累:常见,阅读单词和语法重点(全部都要)

一、词法

1、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:

一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A) 第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:

一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes

五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B) 现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:

一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)

b) He looks very young. (连系动词)

c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)

e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.

c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.

e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.

3. 疑问句

1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.

2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.

3) 特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].

⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.

What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.

16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.

What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:

Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.

情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.

行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.

They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.

❷ 英语短文改错常考语法

常考的有,定语从句,非谓语,时态,名词单复数,代词,状语从句等。高中英语语法通霸2017版语法、短文改错、语法填空、单选选择四书合一,用着非常方便。

❸ 2013~2014八年级上册英语期末考试…我这学期有许多不懂的语法和什么后面跟什么什么…唉!为此想

初二英语最主要的应该就是现在完成时态。 has/have done

❹ 我现在初二了,英语语感很好,词汇量也大,但是觉得语法特别难,觉得语法不怎么学习也能考好。

我不这么认抄为,我也是一个英语老师,但是我不会很要求学生去理解语法.能大概把结构弄懂就行 .初中没有必要把语法学得很深奥.只要英语语感.但是到了高中,你可能就会难点,因为高中会更多的侧重语法,到时候你学起来可能会吃力点,但是我始终觉得语感好的人不用学那些,我以前好多 同学英语可以考130多,但连主语都分不清,没有太大关系/

❺ 常见英语语法介绍

时态讲解
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。
五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。
(六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)
You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物动词与不及物动词
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。
1.及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 宾语(动作的对象):是名词或代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(如动名词)。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。
4.举例:“看”
(1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟)
(3)look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语了)
连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。
一、 连系动词的类型有:
1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事项
1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
终止性动词与延续性动词
终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。 例如:get arrive 这类动词不与一段时间连用
终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语.
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?

❻ 八年级下册英语考试的重点题型和语法(不要短语)

四种进行时态

态 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现 在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
过 去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时
将 来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时
过去将来 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时

▲ 进行时态的构成

时 态 主谓宾
现在进行时 is (am, are) doing
过去进行时 was (were) doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing

Be
doing
You are studying English.
You are not studying English.
Are you studying English?

You were studying English.
You were not studying English.
Were you studying English?

You will be studying English.
You will not be studying English.
Will you be studying English?

▲ 现在进行时态和过去进行时态

一般现在时
过去 -------现在--------- 将来
-
现在进行时
1、进行态的暂时性,进行时态与一般时态的比较

● They live
in America.(一贯的)
● They are living
in America.(暂时的)
第二句给我们的感觉是,他们一直住在别的什么地方,但目前暂住美国。

He
is studying Englishhard.

You do not eat much.
You are not eating much.

●My TV works
well.
我的电视非常好。(一贯的)
●My TVis working well.
我的电视目前很好。(暂时性)
第二句给人的印象是:电视过去工作不正常,最近修了一下,效果很好。

进行时态的感情色彩。

进行态除了表示一个进行的动作以外,更多的是带有一种“态”,也就是说有一种情态在里面。注意下面句子的比较:

It rained下雨.
It was raining.
The girl cried哭.
The girl was crying.

Last week I went to the
theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young
man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I
got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the
man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could
not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said
angrily.

● Do you know
your wifewas havingdinner with a
guy in the restaurant near our school yesterday evening?
你知道不知道你的老婆昨天晚上和一个小伙子在学校附近的餐馆一起吃饭?

注:说话的人没有用一般过去时,而是用过去进行时态。从这句话
中可以看出他通过进行时态的画面感,给对方一个亲眼看到的感觉,以刺激听话的人。

▲ 将来进行时态
● I will wait
for you at the airport.
I will be waiting for you at the airport.

第一句用的是一般将来时态,第二句用的是将来进行时态。第二句给人的感觉好像能够看到说话的人将在机场等待的情景,所以更亲切、更踏实。这就是画面感的效果。我们很难用汉语表达出上面两句话的不同。

1、进行态的暂时性,进行时态与一般时态的比较
2、进行时态的感情色彩。

时 态 主谓宾
现在进行时 is (am, are) doing
过去进行时 was (were) doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing

❼ 求初二上学期英语语法选择、单项选择、完形填空的考点与重点

书上的语法、短语是一定会考的,因此必须得去记。
个人认为单词不版用去强记,就在做练习题权的时候看一看(每个单词都会在各种练习题中出现很多次的- -不会只出现一次)就会记住了。
——完形填空:完形填空的话,如果遇到不会的单词,把他留下来,先做自己能做的,注意单词形式、句子时态,要大致弄懂文章所表达的意思。有时候直接看不出该填什么,就空着,看下文,一般能找到答案,最后剩下的就是那个不认识的单词啦。说点不认识单词的完形填空填的时候的方法【个人理解】: 要看看全文的时态,若全文都是过去式那个不认识的词结尾都弄成ed,若前面有定冠词the,(- -初二应该在学最高级吧)那后面的不认识单词就在前面加上[most ]、[biggest]、[..(副词最高级)]。做完过后通篇默读一遍,看看通不通顺,是否符合题意(但要看着时间,要不读完了就只剩下几分钟了怎么行 = =)。
——单项选择还是考的语法,背好书上的就行。切记:做题要淡定。

❽ 八年级英语语法考点

下边的那位太不厚道了,我讨厌别人复制

新目标八年级下册中考考点链接
【课本要点】there will be … 将有……(P2)
【中考聚焦】Do you know there will __________ English party this Friday. (2006 贵州铜仁)
A. have an B. hold an C. is an D. be an
【考点点拨】D。“There will be …”,是There be结构的一般将来时,表示“……将有……”,相当于There is/are going to be …。根据题意“你知道这个星期五将有一个英语聚会吗?”和关键信息there will可直接选出正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 be able to do … 能/可以做…….(P6)
【中考聚焦】I am afraid that I _________ finish the task in such a short time. Could you help me, please? (2006福建厦门)
A. can B. am not able to C. am going to
【考点点拨】B。be able to意为“能;会”,相当于情态动词,后面接动词原形,其否定形式是在be后加not。根据后句题意“你能帮助我吗”可知“我担心自己不能在这么段的时间完成这项任务”可选B。
【课本要点】 …. the same … as ……与……一样(P8)
【中考聚焦】Mrs Green gave birth to Lucy and Lily in 1992. They’re twin sisters. (改为同义句)
Lucy is the _________ age _________ Lily. (2006江苏盐城)
【考点点拨】same, as。the same … as是be different from的反义词组,本题由上句“They’re twin sisters”可推知Lucy和Lily年龄相同,所以填same, as。
【课本要点】 for example (P8)
【中考聚焦】Teenagers have all kinds of dreams. _________, some students would like to go to the moon some day. (2006吉林长春)
A. After all B. At once C. In fact D. For example
【考点点拨】D。for example意为“例如”,用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的“一个/些”为例,作插入语,可位于句首,句中或句末。分析比较四个选项,分别意为“毕竟”、“立刻;马上”、“事实上”、“例如”,根据题意“青少年有各种各样的梦,例如一些学生想有一天能去月球”可选出正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 It’s … to do …(P8)
【中考聚焦】It' s a good habit _______ breakfast every day. (2006陕西省)
A. had B. have C. has D. to have
【考点点拨】D。动词不定式用作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面,构成“It’s +adj./n. +to do…”句式,这样可以使句子避免头重脚轻。就本题而言,由关键词it’s即可确定正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 there be … doing …(P8)
【中考聚焦】-Is Jim at home by himself?
-No. There’s another boy _________ with him. (2004江苏扬州)
A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play
【考点点拨】A。There be sb./sth. doing sth.句式是“there be +主语+地点状语”的变体,在主语后面加动词的-ing形式,表示该动词的动作目前或现阶段正在进行,可译为“有某人或某物正在做某事”。本题由语境“还有另一个男孩和他(在家)玩”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 would like to do … 想要做…… (P8)
【中考聚焦】Would you like _________ swimming with me? (2005湖南常德)
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
【考点点拨】C。would like意为“想要、愿意”,用来表示意愿,相当于want,但比want语气委婉,后面要接动词不定式。故选C。
【课本要点】want sb. to do … 想要某人做…… (P10)
【中考聚焦】You are so busy. What do you want me ________ for you? (2006重庆市实验区)
A. do B. done C. to do D. doing
【考点点拨】C。want sb. to do …表示“想要某人做某事”,其中动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。本题中的四个选项是do 的四种形式,根据题意“你太忙了,你想让我为你做什么?”可选出正确答案为C。
【课本要点】 pay for … 付款/赔偿……(P12)
【中考聚焦】How much did you pay for the sweater? (词语释义) (2006遵义市)
A. cost B. spend on C. take
【考点点拨】B。划线部分pay for是“花费”的意思,主语为人,三个选项也都可以表示“花费”,区别是:cost的主语是物;spend的主语是人,take常用于It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 句型,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。故正确答案为B。
【课本要点】 No, I don’t think so. 不,我不这样认为。(P12)
【中考聚焦】-Excuse me, is this seat taken?
-___________.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago. (2005江西省课改实验区)
A. I’m afraid so B.I don’t think so C.I don’t know D.I hope not
【考点点拨】B。I don’t think so是表达个人看法的用语,多用在表示不同意别人的观点,其肯定形式是“I think so”,意为”我认为如此”。根据语境可知B选项为正确答案,而其它的三个选项都不符合题意。注意如果A选项是I’m afraid not.也对)
【课本要点】 tell sb. to do …告诉某人做……(P13)
【中考聚焦】-My parents always tell me _________ others late at night.
-They’re right. It’s not polite. (2006福建福州课改区)
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
【考点点拨】D。tell sb. to do …表示“告诉某人做……”,其否定形式是直接在动词不定式to do 前加not表示“告诉某人不要做……”。由下文“他们是对是,那是不礼貌的”可知“父母总是告诉我在晚上不要给别人打电话”,故选D
【课本要点】 find out … 查明……(P14)
【中考聚焦】I’ll have a meeting in Shanghai tomorrow. Would you mind _________ the time for all the flights to Shanghai for me? (2006南宁市课改区)
A. looking for B. looking after C. finding out D. finding
【考点点拨】C。分析四个选项,look for意为“寻找”,look after意为“照料、照看”,find out意为“查明、弄清楚”,指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相,而find意为“找到”。根据题意“我明天在上海将有一个会议,你介意为我查一下去上海的航班吗?”可选出正确答案为C。
【课本要点】get on well 相处得好……(P15)
【课本要点】【中考聚焦】Good manners usually help people to __________ each other. (2006黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. get on well with B. get started C. get together
【考点点拨】A。get on well是“相处得好”,与get along well同义,表示“与……相处得好”时,要在后面加介词with。根据题意“好的礼仪通常帮助人们彼此相处得很好”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 not … until … 直到……才……(P16)
【中考聚焦】-It’s 10 o’clock now. I must go.
-It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _____ it stops. (2006湖北孝感)
A. when B. since C. while D. until
【考点点拨】D。本题四个选项都可以引导时间状语从句,由关键词don’t可选出正确答案为D。not … until意为“直到……才……”,用来引导时间状语时,从句不能用一般将来时。
【课本要点】 see .... doing … 看见……做……(P16)
【中考聚焦】-Where’s Mr. Yu, do you know?
-Well, it’s hard to say. But I saw him ________ a football game just now. (2006河南省课改区)
A. was watching B. watching C. had watched D. watched
【考点点拨】B。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行;而see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做过某事”,强调动作的全过程。由题意“我刚才看见他正在看足球赛”可选B。
【课本要点】find it … to do … 发现做…..是……的(P16)
【中考聚焦】I find ________ difficult to finish the work on time. We only have three hours left. (2006吉林长春)
A. it B. that C. its D. this
【考点点拨】A。 “find+ it+形容词+to do sth.”表示”发现做某事是……的”,其中it是形式宾语,而正在宾语的是后面的动词不定式,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。由关键信息find和diffiuclt to finish可确定正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 take place …. 发生……(P22)
【中考聚焦】Great changes _________ the last three years. (2005湖北黄冈)
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. have happened D. have been happened
【考点点拨】A。happen和take place都可以表示“发生”,其区别是:前者往往带有偶然的意味;如果表示“某人发生了什么事或某物发生了什么情况”时,用happen to sb./ sth;而后者常用于表示某些历史事件或会议等按意图、计划的发生。认真分析题意,由“发生的变化”是“有计划的”,可排除C、D选项;因tale place没有被动语态,故正确答案是A。
【课本要点】be supposed to do … 应该做……(P28)
【中考聚焦】To keep safe, everyone _________ to wear a seat belt in the car. (2006辽宁十一课改区)
A. is supposed B. supposes C. supposed D. will suppose
【考点点拨】A。be supposed to的意思是“应该做某事”、“被期望做某事”,其后接动词原形,相当于be expected to do sth.;用在否定句中表示命令、禁止,意为“不准做某事”。四个选项是suppose的四种形式,根据题意“为了保持安全,乘车时每个人都应该戴上安全带”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 be good at/ do well in … 擅长……;在……方面做得好(P29)
【中考聚焦】The tallest boy does well in playing table tennis. (词语释义) (2006河北遵义)
A. is good at B. is interested in C. likes
【考点点拨】A。be good at与do well in同义,都是“在……方面好;擅长;善于”的意思,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。比较选项可直接选A。
【课本要点】Don’t do …. 不要做……(P36)
【中考聚焦】_________ drive so fast! It’s dangerous. (2006重庆江津)
A. Not B. Don’t C. No
【考点点拨】B。Don’t do …是否定形式的祈使句,用来表示“不要做……”。本题由关键信息“It’s very dangerous.”可知“你不要开车太快”,故正确答案为B。
【课本要点】 Me, too.(P36)
【中考聚焦】-I’ll go to the West Lake this weekend. What about you?
- . Let's go together. (2006江苏盐城)
A. No, I won’t B. I won’t go C. Me, too D. Sorry, I'm busy
【考点点拨】C。“Me, too.”表示“我也是”,用来表达和对方相同的想法或做法的常用语。根据题意“我将这个周末将去西湖,你呢?”“我也是,让我们一起吧!”可选出正确答案为C。
【课本要点】 too much… 太多的……(P39)
【中考聚焦】Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of __________ rich food. (2006黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. too much B. much too C. very much
【考点点拨】A。too much意为“太多”,用来修饰不可数名词;而much too的含义是“(实在)太……”,用来修饰形容词和副词。分析比较三个选项,由题中的关键信息rich food可知正确答案为A。
【课本要点】Would you mind doing …? 你介意做……吗?(P52)
【中考聚焦】-Would you mind my smoking here?
-__________ It’s not allowed here. (2006河北遵义)
A. Of course not. B. Better not. C. Yes, please.
【考点点拨】B。表示有礼貌的请求时常用“Would you mind…?”句式,用以询问“你介意…吗?”,请求对方不要做某事,用Would you mind + not doing sth?。同意(不介意)对方做某事时,常用的回答有No, please. / Certainly not. / No, not at all. / Of course not;不同意(介意)对方做某事时,常用的回答有Sorry, but I do. / Yes, you’d better not.。故本题选B。需要注意的是,mind后面接动词时应用动词-ing形式,如:
Would you mind ________ more slowly? I can’t follow you. (2006吉林省课改区)
A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking (答案为D)
【课本要点】 turn down 关小/调低……(P54)
【中考聚焦】 Kate, could you _________ the radio a bit? Your father is sleeping now. (2006安徽省课改区)
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on
【考点点拨】A。turn down意为“开小一点、调低”,通常指把收音机的音量等开小或调低,其反意词组是turn up,表示“开大、调高” ;而turn off意为“关掉”,通常指关住电灯、煤气或其他家用电器等,与turn on互为反义词。根据由下文“你的父亲正在睡觉”可排除C、D;另由a bit可舍B选A。需要注意的是,这些短语都属于“动词+副词”型,后面接名词或代词作宾语;若宾语是代词时,要把代词置于它们之间。
【课本要点】that’s no problem. 没有问题。(P54)
【中考聚焦】-Would you please bring your CDs bought in HongKong to me tomorrow? I’d like to have a look.
-_________. I will introce something to you. (2006包头课改区)
A. Not at all B. No problem C. No way D. Never mind
【考点点拨】B。That’s no problem.还可以说成No problem.,意为“没问题”,用来接受他人的请求。四个选项分别意为“一点也不”、“没问题”、“决不”、“不介意”,结合题意“明天把你在香港买的CDs给我带来,好吗?我想看一看。”可知正确答案为B。
【课本要点】too … to … 太……而不能……(P63)
【中考聚焦】-This box is ________ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?
-Certainly. (2006 湖北武汉课改区) 。
A. so B. much C. very D. too
【考点点拨】D。too…to …从形式上看是肯定的,但表达的却是否定的意义,意为“太……而不能”,其中第一个too的后面接形容词或副词的原形,而第二个to的后面接动词原形,构成动词不定式。本题由关键信息to carry可排除A、B、C,选D。题意为“这个箱子太重了,我搬不动”。
【课本要点】 take care of … 照顾/照料……(P64)
【中考聚焦】“Jenny, please _________ your young sister carefully.” “OK, Mum.” (2006贵阳课改区)
A. take after B. take care of C. take from
【考点点拨】B。四个选项都含有take,分别意为“象”、“照看”、“减少,;降低”,根据题意“Jenny,请仔细地照看好你的妹妹”可知正确答案为B。
【课本要点】 Why don’t you do …? 为什么不做……?(P66)
【中考聚焦】Why don’t you join us in the game? (词语释义) (2006内蒙古赤峰)
A. What not B. Why not C. Why to D. How to
【考点点拨】B。why don’t you do…是“你为什么不做……?”的意思,相当于why not,后面接动词时要用动词原形。故本题可直接选B。
【搜索】(P67)
【中考聚焦】-What about having a drink?
-_________. (20063青海省)
A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Me, too
【考点点拨】A。What about doing …?意思是“做……怎么样?”,常用来提建议,肯定回答多用good idea/all right等。分析比较三个选项,可选A。
【课本要点】have been to … 到过……(P68)
【中考聚焦】-I _________ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?
-Never. I hop to visit it soon. (2006福建福州课改区)
A. have gone B. have been to C. have gone D. have been
【考点点拨】B。have / has been to表示“曾经去过某地,现已回到说话处”;have / has gone to表示“已经去了某地,现在不在说话处”。由关键词twice可知题意为“我去过两次加拿大”,故正确答案为B。因为Fujian Museum是专有名词,to不能省略,所以D错误。
【课本要点】have been done … 已经做过……(P70)
【中考聚焦】China’s sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(亲善大使) for Shanghai. (2006江苏徐州)
A. has been named B. have been named C. has name D. have named
【考点点拨】B。现在完成时的被动语态的构成为“助动词have/ has+been+及物动词的过去分词”。由题意“中国的体育明星姚明和刘翔已被命名为上海的亲善大使”可知be named 意思是“被命名为”,时态为现在完成时。故选B。
【课本要点】 I hope so. 我希望如此。(P77)
【中考聚焦】-Do you think it will be cool tomorrow?
-_________. It has been too hot for a week. (2006湖南衡阳)
A. I hope so B. I’m afraid so C. I hope not
【考点点拨】A。四个选项都含有so,分别意为“我希望如此”、“我担心是这样的”、“我希望不是这样”,根据下文“一周来天气真是太热了”可知“我希望明天会凉快些”,故选A。
【课本要点】 What do you think of …? 你认为……怎么样?(P79)
【中考聚焦】-What do you ________ your hometown?
-I love it very much. (2006湖南长沙)
A. look at B. talk about C. think of
【考点点拨】C。What do you think of …?意为“你认为……怎么样?”,用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法或观点。其中think of是“想起;认为”的意思,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
由答语“我非常喜欢它”可知上句是询问你对你的家乡的看法,故正确答案为C。

❾ 八年级上册英语期末考试重点是哪几个单元有没有重中之重,考试必考的短语和语法好的加分.下血本了!

= -我考了,重点复567单元,前面的1、2单元没怎么考啊,语法重点的是被动语态、感叹句、现在完成时,这三个我考试都考了·-·,泥煤的,我考的很悲催!!!

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