1. 初二英语下册语法重点
下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一.定义
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因,或是说为了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了,若用它作主语,主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。
2. 八年级下册英语学过的所有语法总结!
人教版新目标8年级下英语语法重点
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重点语法:一般将来时态的应用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重点语法:过去进行时态
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重点语法:宾语从句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重点语法:if
引导的条件状语从句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重点语法:现在完成进行时态
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重点语法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重点语法:现在完成时态
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重点语法:反意疑问句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html
3. 八年级下册英语语法 急求........
英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
介绍
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:
1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?
还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?
2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如:
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?
3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如:
He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗?
4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如:
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是吗?
5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?
7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如:
This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?
These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?
8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?
9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:
He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?
10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:
It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?
11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:
You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?
12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如:
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
13.当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:
I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?
15.陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?
16.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?
17.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如:
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?
反意疑问句的回答
在回答的时候, 如果是前肯后否的句子,思维和中国人相同;如果是前否后肯的句子,思维正好同中国人相反:
He is a student, isn't he? (他是个学生,不是吗?)
Yes, he is.(是的,他是学生)
No, he isn't.(不是,他不是学生)
He doesn't like playing football, does he?(他不喜欢踢球,是吗?)
Yes, he does.(不是,他喜欢踢球)
No, he doesn't.(是的,他不喜欢踢球)
I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老师,是吗?)
Yes, I am.(不是, 我是一名老师。)
No, I am not.(是的,我不是一名老师。)
对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. ,是 他喜欢。/ 不 他不喜欢。
---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加
若be动词后是never//few//little,后面的动词仍用肯定形式
反意疑问句的几点特殊情况
反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意:
1.当陈述句的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时,简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词,如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如:
Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they?
Nobody came, did they?
Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
2.当陈述句是表示存在的句子时,简短问句用there 作形式主语。例如:
There isn’t a book on the table, is there?
There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there?
3.如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如seldom, hardly, never, rarely,little, few, nowhere, nothing,则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈述句中仅包含有否定前缀,则简短问句中用否定形式。例如:
He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
The rules are invariable, aren’t they?
He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?
He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?
Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
4.陈述句中是I am时,简短问句则用aren’t I。例如:
I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I?
I am late, aren’t I ?
5.陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时,正式文体中,简短问句的主语为one,而非正式文体中用you。例如:
One must be honest, mustn’t one?
6.含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中,简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时,则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如:
They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they?
I suppose (that) he is serious, isn’t he?
注意:否定词移位的情况,如:
I don’t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
7.如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当 “拥有”讲时), 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如:
You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you?
但如果陈述句是否定形式时,简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如:
He hasn’t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he?
如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历,遭受,得到,吃”的意思时,则简短问句中的动词用 do的形式。例如:
You often have headaches, don’t you?
8.当陈述句的动词是ought to时,英国英语中简短问句用ought,而美国英语中则用should。
9.陈述句中的动词是used to时,简短问句可用used 的形式或did的形式。例如:
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t / didn’t they?
He didn’t use/used to tell lies, did he?
10.陈述句中动词为needn’t时,简短问句通常用 need。例如:
You needn’t do it if you don’t want to, need you?
You needn’t have told him the news, need you?
11.陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同,反意疑问句也不同。例如:
The food must be good, isn’t it?
You must have read the book last month, didn't you?
You must see the doctor, needn’t you?(must表必要性,故用needn’t)
You mustn’t do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”)
12.当陈述部分是一祈使句时,简短问句则通常为 won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you, could you等,使语气婉转、客气。如果陈述部分的祈使句中含有第
一人称时,如Let’s do something, 则简短问句为 shall we?例如:
Do sit down, won’t you?
Shut up, can you?
在否定的祈使句后, 只能用will you。例如:
Don’t forget, will you?
13.当遇到宾语从句时候.一般反主句.但是以 I think I believe. Isuppose ....开头的反从句
4. 英语八年级下册 主要语法知识点
直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语 直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。
—“What is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢?”
—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。”
2.间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,
都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他说那时他忙得不可开交。
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4. 动词be的过去进行时
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。 while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。
特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.
老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如:He told me that he was going soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind.
这女孩老是改变主意。
常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;吗 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
5. 八年级下册英语的语法要点
八年级下 Unit1
1. 免费 be free
3. 活到200岁 live to be 200 years old
5. 更少的污染 less pollution
7. 更少地使用地铁 use the subway less
9. 更多的高楼 more tall buildings
11. 十年后 in ten years
13. 住的地方 places to live
15. 住在太空站 live on the space station
17. 住在公寓 live in an apartment
19. 一个人住 live alone/by oneself
21. 去滑冰 go skating
23. 看起来很时髦 look smart
25. 穿着随意 dress casually
27. 实现 come true
29. 在未来 in the future
八年级下 Unit 2
argued with sb. 与某人生气
have an argument with sb.与某人生气
out of style 不时髦的
in style 时髦的
keep out 不让……进入
call sb. up 打电话给……
on the phone 用电话交谈
pay for 付款
part-time job 兼职工作
Teen Talk 青少年论坛
the same as 与…同样的
get on 相处
as much as possible 尽可能多
all kinds of 各种
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out 找出
is popular at school 在学校受欢迎
except me 除了我
have a quick supper 去吃快餐
not……until 直到……才
try to do 试着去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to do
comparing…with 把…与…做比较
think for 为…着想
find it +adj.+to do sth.发现做某事很怎样
learn to do 学会做某事
八年级下 Unit 3
barber shop 理发店
get out 出去
take off 起飞
train station 火车站
come in 进来
Beijing International Airport北京国际机场
hear about 听说
take place 发生
World Trade Center世界贸易中心
as…as 和…一样
in front of 在…的前面
clean my room打扫我的房间
sleep late 睡懒觉
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner 做晚饭
eat lunch 吃中午饭
cut hair 剪头发
have…experience有…经历
in the morning 在早晨
walk down 走下来
very surprised 非常惊奇
souvenir shop 纪念品商店
TV station 电视台
in the museum 在博物馆
climb a tree 爬树
jump down 跳下
take a photo 照相
called the police报警
rode his bicycle 骑自行车
buy a newspaper买一份报纸
run away 逃跑
think about 考虑…做某事
for example 举例子
heard about 听说
having fun 玩的高兴
in silence 在…
told us 告诉我们
in space 在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to 挨着
1. arrive at/in
2. a TV reporter
3. in front of
4. in the front of
5. get out of
6. sleep late
7. in(at) the library
8. the Museum of Flight
9. buy a souvenir
10. call the police
11. call the TV station
12. call the newspaper
13. take off
14. an unusual experience
15. jump down from
16. take photos of
17. too scared
18. walk to school
19. in the tree
20. on the tree
21. police officer
22. at the doctor’s
23. go shopping( do some shopping)
24. a barber shop
25. on/in the playground
26. ten minutes ago
27. in silence
28. keep silent/quiet
29. take place
30. become a national hero
31. become/be famous for
32. become/be famous as
33. all over the world (in the world)
34. in turn
35. have fun (enjoy oneself)
36. on the moon
37. be murdered
38. be destroyed
39. on this day
40. hear about/of
41. be born
42. cut hair ( have one’s cut)
八年级下 Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高兴
let in ` ```进来
stay at home 呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..帮助某人做某事
take away 拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party 在晚会上
go to college 去大学
be\become famous变的有名
Travel around the world环游世界
make money 挣钱
work hard 努力工作
A professional soccer player
一名职业足球运动员
seem like 看起来像
Make a living 谋生
all over the world世界各地
give money to 捐钱
All the time 一直
for a living 为``````谋生
get injured 受伤
in fact 事实上
Be able to 能够
be going to
spend time 消磨时间
too much 太多
laugh at 笑话某人
go back
In order 为了``````
八年级下 Unit 9
be late for 迟到
look like 看起来象
in order 按顺序
by noon 到中午为止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 浏览
waiting inline 排队
really low 降低
tell sb. about yourself告诉某人有关你的事
a ball game fan 球迷
be friendly to sb.对某人友好
feel like 感觉像
a friend like you 像你一样的朋友
get along 相处
thanks for 因……而感谢
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me 和我一起去
think of 想起
leave early 早早离开
at least 至少
be careful 小心
八年纪 下册 Unit 10
most of 大多数
make sb. Laugh让某人笑
like to do 喜欢做某事
like doing
both like 都喜欢
the same like 和``````一样
for me 对我来说
get the job 上班
enjoy doing sth
6. 八年级下册英语一单元语法交点的的翻译
先确定一下是人教版Grammar Focus?
7. 八年级下册英语语法重点(新目标)
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…抄until…
14. make room for sb.
IV. 重要语法
1. 不定代词/副词的运用;
2. 反身代词的用法;
3. 并列句;
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级;
5. 冠词的用法;
6. 动词的过去进行时;
【考点扫描】
8. 八年级下册英语重点语法和短语
英语八年级下册重点语法和短语
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重点语法(Grammar Focus):1. The Simple Future tense
一般将来时的三种基本结构:
⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years? 一般将来时的时间状语:in + 时间,in the future,next + 时间,与tomorrow 相关的时间,this + 时间,from now on,right now,some day…
2.形容词、副词的比较级用法
重点短语:
1. won't = will not (would) 2. 爱上(某人/某物) fall in love with(sb./sth.) 3. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.(区别于can) 4. (梦想等)实现,成为现实 come true 5. 在未来 in the future(区别in future) 6. 数以百计的hundreds of; thousands of 数以千计
7. look for(sb./sth.) 寻找(某人/某物) 8.. 免费的 be free
9. study at home on computers 在家用电脑学习 10. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
11. in 100 years 100年以后(in+时间段,用将来时) after 100 years(用于过去时)
100 years from now 一段时间 + from now (从现在起)…之后
12. 做预测 make predictions 13 有更少的空闲时间 h ave less free time
14. fly…to乘坐飞往…fly a rocket to the moon… 15. 放风筝fly a kite
16. 预测未来predict the future 17. (U.) 更少的空气污染less air pollution
18. (制服/套装) wear a uniform/ suit 19. 一场工作面试a job interview
20.更加拥挤 more crowded 21. 住在一幢公寓楼里live in an apartment
22.在太空站on a space station 23. 问题的答案the answer to the question
24.单独居住live alone(区别于lonely) 25. 养一只宠物鹦鹉keep a pet parrot
26.去溜冰 go skating 27. 作为一名记者 as a reporter
28. 穿得更随意些dress more casually 29. see sb. do sth. 看见sb做了或经常做sth
30. (过去或将来)某一天one day 31. 赢得一个奖项 win awards/an award
32. 为自己工作 work for myself 33. may—might
34. one of the biggest movie companies 35. 被某人使用(被动语态) be used by sb:
36. 在太空in space: 37. 去上大学//在大学go to college in college
38. 今后 from now on = in the future 39. 在一周的工作日内ring the week=on weekdays
9. 八年级下册英语重点语法
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