M7 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作
当主语是第三人称单数时 一般现在时
肯定句 主语+动词单三+其他 否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答 Yes,主语+does 否定回答 No,主语+doesn't 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 当主语不是第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他 否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他 用错结构全句都错,一定要注意。
英语时间表达法巧记
我们一般在时间前加介词at 表示“在”。
若表示的时间不太确定,则可在其前面加上介词about或around表“大约”。
具体的表达法如下:
1、整点表达法:钟点数+o‘clock 译为“几点”
2、非整点表达法(1)顺读法:“钟点数+分钟数”译为“几点几分”
3、特殊表达法(使用名词① quarter 一刻钟 ②half 一半)
what about /how about +doing 、名词、人称代词 表示怎样
M8 频率副词
1.频率副词是表示与次数,频率有关的副词,如: always(总是), usually(通常),frequently(经常) often (经常)sometimes(有时), seldom(不常),rarely(极少),never(从不) once(一次), twice(两次),等。 2.频率副词用在be动词后。 3.频率副词用在主要动词前。4.频率副词用在助动词与主要动词之间。5.在答句中,频率副词必须放在助动词前。
动词第三人称单数
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如:
①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]
②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如:
fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]
study-studies [z]; worry-worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如:
teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如:
go-goes [z] do-does [z]
许多 大量
a (great/good) many +可数名词复数
a (large)number of + 可数名词复数
a few + 可数名词复数
a little +不可数名词
a large amount of + 不可数名词
a (great) deal of + 不可数名词
a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
plenty of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
a (large) quantity of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
应该就只有这麽多了
都自己打的,给点分吧
B. 七上英语的语法焦点在哪一页
Unit 1 P3
Unit 2 P9
Unit 3 P15
Unit 4 P21
Unit 5 P27
Unit 6 P33
Unit 7 P39
Unit 8 P45
Unit 9 P51
亲:高老师祝你学习进步,每天都开专心V_V!属
望采纳,thanks(thx)!
C. 人教版英语书 哪里是语法聚焦! 急!!
每个单元的Section A 里2d后面,有个Grammar Focus ,绿色部分的句子就是语法聚焦
D. 七下英语书的语法聚焦句子在哪
有一个Grammar Focus的标题下的方框
E. 初一上册英语grammargfocus
意思是语法聚焦
grammar 英[ˈgræmə(r)]
美[ˈɡræmɚ]
n. 语法; 语法书; (学术的) 基本原理; (人的) 语言知识及版运用能力;
[网络权] 文法;
[例句]Basic skills in reading, writing, grammar and spelling
阅读、写作、语法和拼写等基本技能
[其他] 复数:grammars 形近词: grammer grammes crammer
-----------------------------
希望采纳,你的支持我们的动力!
F. 七年级上册英语语法归纳
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类:英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一.短语:
1 .be from = come from 来自于----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二.重点句式:
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (问路)
1. Where is (the nearest) ……? (最近的)……在哪里?
2. Can you tell me the way to ……? 你能告诉我去……的路吗?
3. How can I get to ……? 我怎样到达……呢?
4. Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗?
5. Which is the way to ……? 哪条是去……的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形)
三.词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……(内)的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……(街道) down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初,一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达:get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18.on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重难点解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣,喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止,我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy,都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
(从句即是一个小句子,这个小句子又放在大句子中,从属于大句子,所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句,它又放在I hope 的后面,形成句中有句。)
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱,我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话,你可以在超市买一些食物。
四.本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Let’s see the pandas first.
11.They’re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点,稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如:各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词,首字母都应该大写,而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的,和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式,常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟,同,和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法,and通常用于连接主语或宾语,连接主语时,
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后,如:
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词,day 表示白天或一天,night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为:leaves, 类似的变化还有:wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时;点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”, 即:an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修
饰,即:much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草,为不可数名词,表示“许多”时,使用much来修饰,即:much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况:
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如:
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿?
How are you? 你好吗?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如:
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师?
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。
例如:
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样?
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短语:
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二.重点句式及注意事项:
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what;有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事
arrive at/in sp 到达某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣 be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 decide to do sth 决定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 给某人某物 give sth to sb 给某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb sth=help sth to sb it’s time for sth 该做某事了 it’s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了
it’s time to do sth 该做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事
make sb do sth 让某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事
pass sb sth 把某物递给某人 pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人
practice doing sth 练习做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事
remember to do sth 记得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事
show sb sth 给某人看某物 show sth to sb 给某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事 spend…on sth 花费…在某物上
start doing sth 开始做某事 start to do sth 开始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来再做某事
talk about sth 谈论某事 talk to/with sb 与某人交谈
tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 want sth 想要某物
want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事 wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
G. 初一下册英语书上的语法聚焦
不能拍照 你就凑合着看专吧属
Unit2: Is there a supermarket? Yes,there is.
Where's the park? It's on Center Street.
Where's the hotel? It's across from the bank.
Where's the pay phone? It's next to the post office.
Where's the library? It's between the restaurant and the supermarket.
H. 七年级人教版英语书上下册语法焦点
(一)be动词。 1、be动词包括am, are, is。 2、be动词的用法。 am → 主语是单数第一人称(即I)。e.g. I am… be are → 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are… The coats are… is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 e.g. Your father is… The money is… 3、否定句式(即改否定句):在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。 e.g. He is not a teacher. 4、缩写形式。 ①主语+be,缩写be第一个字母为 ’,再与主语合并。 e.g. you are → you’re Jack is → Jack’s ② be+not否定形式的缩写,缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并。 e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t ③不能缩写的情况:this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。 e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误) 5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。 ①一般疑问句:将be动词提前,其它照抄不变,最后+?,读升调。(一般第一人称改为第二人称) e.g. The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father? I’m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student? ②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答: No, 主语+be+not. e.g. Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home? Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is. No, he is not.(isn’t) No, I’m not. No, he is not.(isn’t) 注意:①主语必须用代词回答;②肯定回答不能缩写;③回答第二人称,用第一人称回答。 ③特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)。 1) 方法:将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词,然后置于句首,接着再将be动词或情态动词提前 (置于疑问词之后),其它部分照抄不变,最后+?(即疑问词+一般疑问句?) e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap? I can sing English songs. → What can you do? 2) 注意:①被提问部分不能再写。 ②提问动词(即提问做某事),在改句子时注意还“do”,表示做什么? 3) 相应的疑问词。 1. 事物 → what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that? 2. 地点 → where He is at home? → Where is he? 3. 人 → who The man is his father. → Who is the man? 4. 怎样(程度,方式) → how She’s fine. → How is she? He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school? 5. 年龄 → how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa? 6. 班级 → what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in? 7. 数字 → what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number? 8. 颜色 → what color His car is yellow. → What color is his car? 9. 时间 → what time I can get there at six. → What time can you get there? when I can go with you on Sunday. → When can you go with me? 10. 价钱 → how much The bag is twenty yuan. → How much is the bag? (二)代词: 1、代词的形式 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主 格 I we you you he she it they 宾 格 me us you you him her it them 物主代词 my our your your his her its their 我(的) 我们(的) 你们(的) 你们(的) 他(的) 她(的) 它(的) 他们(的) 2、代词的用法 ①动作的发出者,代词用主格,(一般在句首,动词前)。 e.g. He often writes to me. ②动作的承受者,代词用宾格,(一般在句末,动词后、介词后)。 e.g. Let’s ask him. Let’s play with them. ③物的主人,用物主代词。(即代词所有格) 形容词性物主代词后一定要带物,不能单独使用,一般用在名词前。 e.g. This is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat. (三)所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系。 1、名词所有格的形式: ① 名词之后直接+’s e.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s ② 以s结尾的名词只加 ' e.g. students―students’ 2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词,但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。e.g. today’s newspaper; an hour’s walk; China’s city 3、注意: ①表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词+ ’s。 e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.(共用,用单数) ②如果不是共有,指各有,则各词都应+’s。 e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有,用复数) 4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示,但注意词序与汉语习惯不同,形式为:名词+of+名词(前者属于后者)。 e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门 the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片 5、注意:有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语。(对等) e.g. his father’s friends → the friends of his father. the girl’s new computer → the new computer of the girl. the dog’s name → the name of the dog 但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构。因为’s 只用于有生命的词。 (四)名词的数。 1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词, 如:teacher, school, morning, thanks, ty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 2、可数名词。 1)可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词,有单复数两种形式。 可数名词包括个体名词:e.g. apple , student. 集体名词:e.g. class people 2)用法: ① 单数名词前可用a, an修饰; ② 之前可以直接用数词; ③ 之前可用a lot of, lots of,many, some等修饰; ④ 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词; 3)可数名词的复数形式: 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。 A 规则变化: ① 一般在单词的结尾直接+s; book ― books ② 如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾,+es; bus ― buses ③ 若以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es; city ― cities story ― stories ④ 以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为ves;wife ― wives knife ― knives ⑤ 以o结尾, tomato — tomatoes; photo— photos; ⑥ 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时,只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数。 e.g. banana trees ⑦ 但是以woman, man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时,里面所含的成分全部要变成复数。three women teachers B 不规则变化: ① 单复数同形 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 ② 只作复数 trousers clothes chips thanks people(人们) ③ 特殊变化: man―men woman―women foot―feet child―children 3、不可数名词。 1)不可数名词是指不可以用数目计算是名词,它一般没有复数形式。 不可数名词包括物质名词:broccoli. 抽象名词:work, homework. 2)用法:① 不用a, an修饰; ② 前面可用a lot of, lots of, much, some, a little等修饰; ③ 作主语时,都视为单数; ④ 提问其数量时用How much; e.g. How much money do you have? (五)祈使句: 1、祈使句表示请求,命令,建议等,它没有主语(其实是省略了主语you), 以动词开头,动词要用原形,句末用“!”或“.”,读降调。有时为了使语气比较委婉,常在句首或句末加上please.在句末时要用逗号隔开。 e.g. Sit down, please! Let’s go to school. 2、祈使句的否定形式: 一般在句首加Don’t. e.g. Play the piano. → Don’t play the piano. (七)一般现在时。 1、一般现在时的用法: ①表示现在的状态或特征,谓语动词一般是be。 e.g. They are at work. She is very old. ②表示经常性或习惯性动作,谓语动词一般是实义动词。 e.g. We go to school from Monday to Friday. ③表示主语具备的性格和能力。 e.g. I like swimming. Do you speak English? ④普遍真理。e.g. Two plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun. 2、一般时态(一般现在时)的谓语形式。 ①动词be 的人称变化: (略) ②实义动词的变化:主语为单数第三人称,实义动词应+s或es。 (其变化类同于名词的复数形式) 主语为其他人称时,实义动词不变。 3、一般现在时的句型变化。 1)be动词的句式:(略) 2)实义动词的句式:改否定句及疑问句都应借助助动词do或does。 (当主语为单数第三人称时,用does, 同时应将其后的谓语动词还原形)。 ① 改否定句:在实义动词之前+don’t或doesn’t. e.g. We go to school on Sundays. → We don’t go to school on Sundays. He does his homework after supper. → He doesn’t do his homework after supper. ② 改一般疑问句:在句首添加Do或Does,其他照抄,最后加问号。 e.g. They speak English. → Do they speak English? He goes home at five every day. → Does he go home at five every day? ③ 一般疑问句的肯否定回答。 Yes, 主语do. No, 主语don’t. Yes, 主语does. No, 主语doesn’t. e.g. Do they speak English? Does he go home at five every day? Yes, they do. Yes, he does. No, they don’t. No, he doesn’t. ④ 改特殊疑问句:疑问代词+一般疑问句?(do/does+其他?) e.g. I like to eat apple. What do you like to eat? He goes to school every day. Where does he go every day? 4、often, five days a week, every day, on Sundays, sometimes等表示频度的状语通常位于be动词之后,实义动词之前,若句子出现频度副词,通常用一般现在时
I. 人教版七年级上英语语法焦点 就是每个单元后面的那个语法 谢谢啦
(一)be动词。
1、动词包括am, are, is。
2、be动词的用法。
am → 主语是单数第一人称(即I)。e.g. I am…
be are → 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are… The coats are…
is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 e.g. Your father is… The money is…
3、否定句式(即改否定句):在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。
e.g. He is not a teacher.
4、缩写形式。
①主语+be,缩写be第一个字母为 ’,再与主语合并。
e.g. you are → you’re Jack is → Jack’s
② be+not否定形式的缩写,缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并。
e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t
③不能缩写的情况:this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。
e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误)
5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。
①一般疑问句:将be动词提前,其它照抄不变,最后+?,读升调。(一般第一人称改为第二人称)
e.g. The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father?
I’m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student?
②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。
肯定回答: Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答: No, 主语+be+not.
e.g. Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home?
Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is.
No, he is not.(isn’t) No, I’m not. No, he is not.(isn’t)
注意:①主语必须用代词回答;②肯定回答不能缩写;③回答第二人称,用第一人称回答。
③特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)。
1) 方法:将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词,然后置于句首,接着再将be动词或情态动词提前 (置于疑问词之后),其它部分照抄不变,最后+?(即疑问词+一般疑问句?)
e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap?
I can sing English songs. → What can you do?
2) 注意:①被提问部分不能再写。
②提问动词(即提问做某事),在改句子时注意还“do”,表示做什么?
3) 相应的疑问词。
1. 事物 → what e.g. That is a cat. → What is that?
2. 地点 → where He is at home? → Where is he?
3. 人 → who The man is his father. → Who is the man?
4. 怎样(程度,方式) → how She’s fine. → How is she?
He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school?
5. 年龄 → how old Our grandpa is 80. → How old is your grandpa?
6. 班级 → what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. → What class are you in?
7. 数字 → what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number?
8. 颜色 → what color His car is yellow. → What color is his car?
9. 时间 → what time I can get there at six. → What time can you get there?
when I can go with you on Sunday. → When can you go with me?
10. 价钱 → how much The bag is twenty yuan. → How much is the bag?
(二)代词:
1、代词的形式
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主 格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾 格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
物主代词
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
我(的)
我们(的)
你们(的)
你们(的)
他(的)
她(的)
它(的)
他们(的)
2、代词的用法
①动作的发出者,代词用主格,(一般在句首,动词前)。 e.g. He often writes to me.
②动作的承受者,代词用宾格,(一般在句末,动词后、介词后)。
e.g. Let’s ask him. Let’s play with them.
③物的主人,用物主代词。(即代词所有格)
形容词性物主代词后一定要带物,不能单独使用,一般用在名词前。
e.g. This is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat.
(三)所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系。
1、名词所有格的形式:
① 名词之后直接+’s e.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s
② 以s结尾的名词只加 ' e.g. students―students’
2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词,但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。e.g. today’s newspaper; an hour’s walk; China’s city
3、注意: ①表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词+ ’s。
e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.(共用,用单数)
②如果不是共有,指各有,则各词都应+’s。
e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有,用复数)
4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示,但注意词序与汉语习惯不同,形式为:名词+of+名词(前者属于后者)。
e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门 the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片
5、注意:有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语。(对等)
e.g. his father’s friends → the friends of his father.
the girl’s new computer → the new computer of the girl.
the dog’s name → the name of the dog
但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构。因为’s 只用于有生命的词。
(四)名词的数。
1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词,
如:teacher, school, morning, thanks, ty.
名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2、可数名词。
1)可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词,有单复数两种形式。
可数名词包括个体名词:e.g. apple , student.
集体名词:e.g. class people
2)用法: ① 单数名词前可用a, an修饰;
② 之前可以直接用数词;
③ 之前可用a lot of, lots of,many, some等修饰;
④ 提问其数量用How many + 复数名词;
3)可数名词的复数形式: 英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。
A 规则变化:
① 一般在单词的结尾直接+s; book ― books
② 如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾,+es; bus ― buses
③ 若以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es; city ― cities story ― stories
④ 以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为ves;wife ― wives knife ― knives
⑤ 以o结尾, tomato — tomatoes; photo— photos;
⑥ 两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时,只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数。 e.g. banana trees
⑦ 但是以woman, man等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时,里面所含的成分全部要变成复数。three women teachers
B 不规则变化:
① 单复数同形 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人
② 只作复数 trousers clothes chips thanks people(人们)
③ 特殊变化:
man―men woman―women foot―feet child―children
3、不可数名词。
1)不可数名词是指不可以用数目计算是名词,它一般没有复数形式。
不可数名词包括物质名词:broccoli. 抽象名词:work, homework.
2)用法:① 不用a, an修饰;
② 前面可用a lot of, lots of, much, some, a little等修饰;
③ 作主语时,都视为单数;
④ 提问其数量时用How much;
e.g. How much money do you have?
(五)祈使句:
1、祈使句表示请求,命令,建议等,它没有主语(其实是省略了主语you),
以动词开头,动词要用原形,句末用“!”或“.”,读降调。有时为了使语气比较委婉,常在句首或句末加上please.在句末时要用逗号隔开。
e.g. Sit down, please! Let’s go to school.
2、祈使句的否定形式:
一般在句首加Don’t. e.g. Play the piano. → Don’t play the piano.
(七)一般现在时。
1、一般现在时的用法:
①表示现在的状态或特征,谓语动词一般是be。
e.g. They are at work. She is very old.
②表示经常性或习惯性动作,谓语动词一般是实义动词。
e.g. We go to school from Monday to Friday.
③表示主语具备的性格和能力。
e.g. I like swimming. Do you speak English?
④普遍真理。e.g. Two plus four is six. The earth goes around the sun.
2、一般时态(一般现在时)的谓语形式。
①动词be 的人称变化: (略)
②实义动词的变化:主语为单数第三人称,实义动词应+s或es。
(其变化类同于名词的复数形式)
主语为其他人称时,实义动词不变。
3、一般现在时的句型变化。
1)be动词的句式:(略)
2)实义动词的句式:改否定句及疑问句都应借助助动词do或does。
(当主语为单数第三人称时,用does, 同时应将其后的谓语动词还原形)。
① 改否定句:在实义动词之前+don’t或doesn’t.
e.g. We go to school on Sundays. → We don’t go to school on Sundays.
He does his homework after supper.
→ He doesn’t do his homework after supper.
② 改一般疑问句:在句首添加Do或Does,其他照抄,最后加问号。
e.g. They speak English. → Do they speak English?
He goes home at five every day.
→ Does he go home at five every day?
③ 一般疑问句的肯否定回答。
Yes, 主语do. No, 主语don’t. Yes, 主语does. No, 主语doesn’t.
e.g. Do they speak English? Does he go home at five every day?
Yes, they do. Yes, he does.
No, they don’t. No, he doesn’t.
④ 改特殊疑问句:疑问代词+一般疑问句?(do/does+其他?)
e.g. I like to eat apple. What do you like to eat?
He goes to school every day. Where does he go every day?
4、often, five days a week, every day, on Sundays, sometimes等表示频度的状语通常位于be动词之后,实义动词之前,若句子出现频度副词,通常用一般现在时。
J. 七上英语语法焦点
七上英语语法焦点见附图