❶ 高中英语牛津版的所有语法
中学英语语法精典总结
1.宾语从句:1.主句若是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon.
The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.
I want to know who came here late this morning.
2.主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时。
He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well.
She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.
3.无论主句是何时态,从句若表客观真理,要用一般现在时。
Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.
4宾语从句无论有何引导词,都要用陈述句语序。
Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?(不是will you)
Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)
2.状语从句:1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等,则if(如果), unless(除非),when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…),before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.
I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.
Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.
2而主句若是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时,如:
I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.
When he got to the park, his classmates had left.
My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.
3.定语从句:关系代词who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物。关系词作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略。whom只指人,只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”,when指“在那时”。
She is a girl who/that is beauty l and kind-hearted.
She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.
That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. (所属)
The girl who is tall is my sister. / I own a bike whose price is high.
I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. (指物)
I prefer a place which/that is clean and quiet.
I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. (在这儿)
I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog.
4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that从句.
I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qing.
I wish youto join my party this Sunday.
I wish (that) I could be a scientist.
2hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth.
I hope to receive a letter from you some day.
I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon.
5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.
(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢,后无补充的结果。)
Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t make such mistakes.
(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事,出现了后面的结果。)
6.感官动词用法之一:see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, feel等词,后接宾语,再接动词原形/ 动词ing, 分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时,以上的词也常跟动词原形。
I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (正进行)
I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程)
I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (频率词)
若以上词用于被动语态,后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式:
We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife. →
He was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife.
7.感官动词用法之二:look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词,后接形容词。He looks . It sounds good. The flowers smell beauty l. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired.
这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。
注意:如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词,而接名词或代词:
He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea.
It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.
8.find和think部分用法: + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从)
宾补有以下情况:1.名词短语,John found his son a clever boy.
2.形容词短语,Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.
3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式,I found it hard to fool the girl.
9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like,和want类似:◇都可接名词短语:I would like/ want another three desks. ◇都可接带to 不定式:I would like/ want to go out for a walk. ◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.
2 feel like: ◇后也可接名词短语:Do you feel like some tea?
◇后若接动词,须用动词ing形式:Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.
【feel like常用于疑问句或否定句中。】
10.词序易错的短语:1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词,形容词在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge?
Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the computer.
I want to go somewhere warm.
2 else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词,也放在后面。
What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?
Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?
3 enough修饰形容词和副词,enough 放在后面。
This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.
He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.
11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别:1What do you think of …?=
How do you like …? “你对…怎么看?”(How…?句中有like,是动词。) 2What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like,是介词“像”。)
12.take, cost, pay, spend区别:
1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.
It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.
2 物+cost+sb+钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan. (cost, cost, cost)
若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”:The bag costs 30 Yuan.
3 人+ pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike. (pay, paid, paid). (pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)
4 人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.
The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.
The girl always spends much money on her clothes.
spend 有时可指“度过”:spend holiday/ weekends/ winter
13.双宾结构:pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/
ask/ tell/ build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb + sth.
其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.
buy, build等可接sth + for sb.
另外,若sth是代词时,不用双宾结构。Please pass it to me.
14.部分词作连词与介词:(连词接句子,介词接名词或代词)
Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher. (连词)
Keep care l when listening to the teacher. (介词)
类似的,while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。
如:I’ll wait until I hear from her. (连词)
I’ll wait until next Friday. (介词)
15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一: 1. 动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语。The boy named Peter is my friend.
那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用,下同。
He’s eating fried chicken. 他在吃炸鸡。There is no time left.
I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。
He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.
2. 动词ing作形容词:表示正进行或功能,常作定语。
the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正进行)
a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit (功能)
16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二:和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物。I felt surprised at his words.
How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing.
❷ 牛津版初一英语的语法知识点
时态讲解
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。
五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。
(六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)
You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物动词与不及物动词
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。
1.及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 宾语(动作的对象):是名词或代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(如动名词)。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。
4.举例:“看”
(1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟)
(3)look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语了)
连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。
一、 连系动词的类型有:
1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事项
1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
终止性动词与延续性动词
终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。 例如:get arrive 这类动词不与一段时间连用
终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语.
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
终止性动词不用于进行时态,若是进行时态形式应译成将来时态的意思。
终止性动词和延续性动词辨析 王嵩
英语动词可以分为延续性动词和终止性动词。这两种动词在每年中考英语试题中出现率较高,笔者将其归纳分类,供同学们学习时参考。一、延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for,how,long,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如:1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China.自从来到中国,我已经学会了l,000多个汉字。2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自从来到这儿,我们就一直住在临清。3.I have kept the picture for about three years.这张画我保存了大约三年。 二、终止性动词 终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有:accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点: (一)终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如:1.They have reached Shanghai.他们已经到达了上海。2.Has he gone to London? 他已经到伦敦去了吗? (二)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以,在现在完成时中一般不能和以since,for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:1.那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week.(误)2.他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago.(误)在以上两句中,die和come都是终止性动词,可用于现在完成时,但不能与以since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。那么,上面两个句子应该怎样译成英语呢?请看下面四种译法:1.把终止性动词改为延续性的动词。例如:①The old man has been dead for a week.②He has been here since three days ago.2.把原句中的一段时间改为表示“过去”的时间,时态由现在完成时改变成一般过去时。例如:①The old man died a week ago.②He came here three days ago.3.用“It is+时间+since…”句式。例如:①It is/has been a week since the old man died.②It has been/is three days since he came here.4.用“多长时间+has passed+since…”句式。例如:①A week has passed since the old men died.②Three days had passed since he came here. (三)有关特殊终止性动词的用法。1.在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句里,谓语动词不能使用终止性动词,但可以把while改成when,这样,从句里的谓语动词就可以使用终止性动词了。因为when既可以表示时间的“点”,又可以表示时间的“段”。例如:While he got to America.he found his English Was very poor.(误)When he got t0 America.he found his English was very poor.(正)2.终止性动词的否定式与until连用时,意为“直到……才/不到什么时间不……”等。例如:Don’t get off until the bus stops.车未停稳,切勿下车。3.终止性动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用。例如:How long have you borrowed the magazine?(误)When did you borrow the magazine?(正)How long have you kept the magazine?(正)
终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别
上海市中国中学 黄文英
英语中的动词,是学习中的重点,又是难点。英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。
用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2.用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
3.用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4.用延缓性动词代替终止性动词。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但须注意:终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)
此外,终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同,很易混淆。下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳:
1. 在连词since引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同的。
A. since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习。
B. 在since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起。
eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
自从我醒后,没听见任何声音。
介词for引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况:
A.介词for引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含义。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那儿已六个月了。(或: 他住在那儿还不到六个月。)
B.介词for引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了。
句中含有till 或until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的,但要注意两种情况:
如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止。
eg. He didn’t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电。
如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚。
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)
❸ 牛津初中英语语法重点
如果你要参加考试的话,英语中最重点的是动词,其次是形容词,然后依次是代词、名词、副专词、介属词、连词、冠词和数词。动词中考的最多的是时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词和系动词。不过语法要系统掌握为好,不可急于求成,一知半解。
❹ 牛津版初中英语语法
大型书店有卖的 没有可以到新华书店定
❺ 小学牛津上海版英语1--6年级语法 到底讲了几个时态呢 不知道到底有没有完成时有很多参考书里都有
主要就是讲一般现在时,现在进行时,过去式..一般将来时 我的完成时是外教内教的,算是课外容的吧,在小学里不是很重要,自己了解一下,就可以了,有时候可能会用到,就是have has been 后面的要用延续性动词,有些短暂动词会有一些特殊的表达,自己见识一下就好撩~~现在语法都在慢慢淡化,主要将应用了
❻ 牛津英语的一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时、一般将来时做按要求改句子时的句型套路
i am a student.
i was a student
i am doing my homework
i will go to Shanghai tomorrow
望采纳
❼ 小学英语牛津版主要学习的时态有哪几种
一般现在时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去完成时和现在完成时。大概就是这些了,希望可以帮到你
❽ 牛津实用英语语法怎么样
顺便一提 几天前帮我指导的ABC天卞口语的助教和我们说过,如果要学好英语是不难的。必然需要个符合的学习情境跟实习口语对象 老师水平是关键,纯正欧美口音才行 保持天天口语学习 1v1针对性教学才会有.好.的学习成果;课程结束后需要回放复习录音文档,帮助加强记忆。不过实在没有练习对象的情况 就上听力室或沪江获得课余学习材料学习,多说多问不知不觉的语感会提高起来 学习效果应该可以突飞猛进的。中考重点句型一、常使用动词不定式的短语1、It’stimetodosth.\It’stimeforsth该作某事的时候了.、can’twaittodosth.迫不及待要作某事、asktellesb.(not)todosth.要求告诉某人(不)作某事、allowsb.todosth.允许某人作某事、besupposedtodosth.应该作某事、Wouldlikewant(sb.)todosth.想要作某事、havesthnotngtodo有…时要做与…无关、findit+adj.todosth.发觉作某事…、prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事10、It’s+adj.forsb.todosth.作某事对某人来说…11、It’sbetterbesttodosth.最好做某事1、Ittakessb.sometime.todosth.某人做某事用了一些时间二、常用动名词的短语1、enjoylikelovedoingsth.喜欢做某事、keepkeeponcarryongoondoingsth.继续做某事、feellikedoingsth.想要做某事、practisedoingsth.练习作某事、giveupdoingsth.放弃作某事、begoodat=dowellin\ondoingsth.擅长作某事、payattentiontodoingsth.注意作某事、whatabouthowaboutdoingsth.….怎么样(好吗)?、Thankyoufordoingsth.为…感谢某人10、minddoingsth.介意作某事11、beusedfordoingsth.beusedtodosth.、被用来作某事1、spend…(in)doingsth.花时间作某时1、bebusydoingwithsth.忙于作某事1、finishdoingsth.作完某时1、lookforwardtodoing.盼望做某事1、preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢…胜过…1、begetusedtodoingsth.习惯作某事1、keepstoppreventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人作某事三、省略动词不定式的短语1、一看二听三使役.dosth.看见听见感觉注意某人作某事makelethavesb.dosth.使让某人做某事、helpsb.(to)dosthwithsth.帮助某人作某事、hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事、Whydon’tyounotdosth.为什么不作某事、WouldWillCouldyouplease(not)dosth.请你(不)作某事好吗?四、同义词比较1、stoptodosth.停下正在做的事去作另一件事stopdoingsth.停止正在作的事eg.,thestudentsstoppedtalking.Afterheworkedforanhour,hestoppedtohavearest.、forgetremembertodosth.忘记记得要去作某事forgetrememberdoingsth.忘记记得曾经做过某事eg..Irememberdoingmyhomework、usedtodosth.过去常常作某事beusedtodosth.被用来作某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于作某事eg.Myfatherusedtosmoke.Woodisusedtomakepaper.Iamusedtogettingupearly.、So+be助动词情态动词+主语…也一样So+主语+be助动词情态动词是呀,表示赞同别人的观点Neither+be助动词情态动词+主语…也不一样(用于否定句)eg.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.It’safineday.Soitis.Shedoesn’tlikeeggs.NeitherdoI.、too…todosth.太…而不能…so+adj.adv+that(从句)如此…以致…such+(aan+adj.)+n.+that(从句)如此…以致…(not)enough(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事(不)够eg.Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool..五、常考知识点1、keep+adj.保持…状态keep(sb.)doingsth.继续做某事使某人老是做某事eg..It’stoolate,buthestillkeepsworking..、make+sb.+n.使某人成为make+sb.+adj.使某人…makesb.dosth.使某人做某事Sb.bemadetosth.某人被迫做某事eg.WemadePeterourmonitor.Booksmakeushappy.Heoftenmakesmelaugh..、Idon’ttnkthat我认为…不eg.Idon’ttnkyouareright.、It’swashasbeen+sometime+since+一般过去时…自从…以来有多久了eg..、Whatdoyoumeanby?=Whatdoes..mean?=whatisthemeaningof...?是什么意思?eg.Whatdoyoumeanby“computer”?=Whatdoes“computer”mean?=whatisthemeaningof"computer"?、Whatdoyoutnkof…Howdoyoulike…?你认为…怎么样?eg.?、Whatiswaswill…belike?..怎么样?eg.Whatistheweatherlike??、It’ssaidreportedthat…据说据道It'swellnthat众所周知It'sthoughtthat大家认为eg.It’.10、oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数…其中之一eg..11、neither…nor…既不…也不(两者都不)either…or…要么…要么或者…或者不是…就是notonly…butalso…不但…而且以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则eg..Eitherheoryougotothepark..neitherof两者都不eitherof两者选一noneof没有一个以上三个做主语时,谓语动词用单数Allof全部Bothof两者都以上二个做主语时,谓语动词用复数1、比较级+than+anyother+名词单数…比其余任何一个…比较级+than+theother+名词复数eg.Shanghaiisbiggerthananyother=.1、When(当…的时候),if(如果),assoonas(一…就),until(直到…才),unless(除非如果…不)这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.从句一般现在时eg.Iwillcallyouwhenhecomes.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnic.AssoonasIgettoBeijing,I’llcometoseeyou.Hewon’tgotobentilsparentscomeback.Unlessyouworkhard,youwon’tcatchupwithothers.希望我的答案对你有帮助
❾ 小学牛津英语的语法知识!
3A-6B涉及的语法你去买一本小学语法书就有很详细的解释了,
大致包括:名词,专介词,动属词,连词,形容词,副词的用法,涉及的时态有一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时,过去进行时,句型包括陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句等等。
具体内容还是看看语法书吧
薄冰和无敌都是不错的语法书。
希望有帮助。