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语法英语表达方式

发布时间:2021-03-14 20:27:57

❶ 英语语法有多少种

英语一共有多少种时态?

答;英语共16种时态.

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http://lunwen.zhupao.com/Article/2005-10-25/20070.shtml

English Grammar:动词的时态
英语共有16种时态,根据近几年曝光的四、六级考卷分析, 时态测试重点主要有:完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时;进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时;一般时态。

一、一般时态

1、一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等连用。例如:

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如:

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般过去时

(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如:

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如:

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)

3.一般将来时

1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:

I shall graate next year.

2)几种替代形式:

1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如:

I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如:

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如:

He was about to start.

4)be e to +v表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事。例如:

The train is e to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如:

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.

二、进行时态

1.现在进行时

(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。例如:

Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作, 常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。例如:

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态。例如:

1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?

(look 在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look 在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”)

2. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3. 将来进行时

将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如:

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4. 完成进行时

(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。

三、完成时态

完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为:

1. 现在完成时

(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, ring, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:

1)I haven’t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中:

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2. 过去完成时

(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是:

1)was / were + to have done sth, 例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

3. 将来完成时

将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如:

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4. 完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。

(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.

(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如:

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如:

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四:时态一致

时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是:

1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”

“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”

“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”

2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如:

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时。

4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况

利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则。例如:

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

动词的语态

语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)

1. 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语

(1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。

2. 被动语态的时态形式

常用的被动语态有表1 所列的几种时态形式。

表1

时间 一般时 进行时 完成时

现在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

过去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

将来 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

过去 should be asked should have been asked

将来 would be asked would have been asked

3. 短语动词的被动语态

短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如:

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态

“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如:

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)

get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)

get married(结婚)

5. 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态

(1) 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来。例如:

1)We showed the visitors our new procts.(主动语态)

2)The visitors were shown our new procts.(被动语态)

3)Our new procts were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)

(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如:

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)

6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别

(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)

7. 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思

例1:The book is selling remarkably well.

例2:The song sounds very beautiful.

能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。

例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4:The meat is cooking.

例 5:The book written by the professor is printing.

❷ 英语语法现在进行时的表达形式

现在进行时 表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。 一、构成方法 现在进行时由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成。 二、用法说明 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。如: They’re having a meeting. 他们在开会。 I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。 表示计划或安排好了的将来动作,常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。如: Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。 They’re having a party next week. 下星期他们将开一个晚会。 注:表示安排将要做的事,人作主语宜用现在进行时,事物作主语,宜用一般现在时。试比较: I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。(不宜说I don’t…) The concert starts at 7: 30. 音乐会七点半开始。 现在进行时与always, often, forever等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。如: You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨) My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满) She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬) 现在进行时在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。如: He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise. 注意:像 be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to 等静态动词通常不用于进行时。 如需转载请注明出处:弗兰克英语 http://www.9988cd.com/intensive/tense/2011/0414/362.html

希望采纳

❸ 英语 语法 急需

一个英语语法问题
急需高手解答~~~
检举
|
2012-3-24
15:09
提问者:
jcjcyzqy
|
悬赏分:20
|
浏览次数:40次
The
river
has
risen
three
feet
after
a
heavy
rain中
rise不是不及物动词吗?为什麽还可以接three
feet
这个宾语呢?
答:这个问题很有深度,楼主很细心。
英语和汉语不同,它没有量词这一说法。feet就是foot的复数形式,不管它指脚还是英尺,都是名词。而rise是不及物动词,后面不跟名词作宾语的。
但我们知道,确实有:wait
a
minite.
这样的说法。语法上有两种说法:1.
省略介词法。这里的wait是不及物动词,后面省略了介词for.
2.
名词短语状语法。如:表示时间的名词,前面有this,
next,
last
时,名词短语就可以作时间状语:Last
week
I
went
to
the
theater.
还有
this
way,
do
sth.
three
times
(如楼上所举例子)
本句我愿意用省略介词法来解释:=The
river
has
risen
by
three
feet
after
a
heavy
rain.
PS:
谈谈名词可用作状语的用法
名词用作状语不是名词的通常用法,在许多情况,它们会有自己的特定的搭配,使用时需注意。名词作状语的主要用法如下:
1.
表示时间。如:
Wait
a
moment.
等一会儿。
See
you
next
week.
下星期再见
I’ll
see
you
Saturday.
星期六再见。
I’m
always
busy
afternoons.
我下午总很忙。
We
watch
TV
most
evenings.
大多数晚上我们都看电视。
He
used
to
come
here
Sundays.
他过去每周星期天都来。
They
cared
for
the
child
day
and
night.
他们日夜照看这个孩子。
2.
表示地点。如:
The
Great
Wall
is
world
famous.
长城闻名于世界。
The
lathe
is
China
made.
这台机床是中国制造的。
Shanghai
made
watches
are
of
fine
qualities.
上海产的手表质量优良。
You
can
follow
me.
I
am
going
that
way
too.
你可以跟着我走,我也去那个方向。
3.
表示距离。如:
He
has
walked
a
long
way
today.
他今天走了很长的路。
4.
表示方式。如:
Don’t
talk
to
me
that
way,
please.请不要这样同我说话。
Place
these
tables
end
to
end.
把这些桌子一张接一张地放好。
They
walked
down
the
street
hand
in
hand.
他们手拉手沿街道走去。
He
was
seen
walking
arm
in
arm
with
a
lady.
有人看见他与一位女士臂挽着臂同行。
We
must
serve
the
people
heart
and
soul.
我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。
5.
表示让步。如:
East
or
west,
home
is
best.
金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。
Winter
and
summer,
the
sun
itself
is
the
same.无论冬夏,太阳本身是一样的。
The
sports
meet
will
be
held
rain
or
shine.运动会风雨无阻,照常举行。
We
must
reach
the
destination
by
dawn,
rain
or
shine.
无论如何,我们务必于拂晓前抵达目的地。
6.
表示条件。如:
Small
pains,
small
gains.
少劳少得。
One
more
word
and
you
will
be
thrown
out
of
the
ship.
再说一句话,就把你扔下船。
7.
表示程度。如:
在某些固定搭配中,有些名词可用作状语表示程度。如:pitch
black(漆黑的),ice-cold(冰冷的),dirt-poor(非常穷困的),dog-tired(极疲倦的),stone-deaf(完全聋的),bone-dry(干透了的)等。
另外,有些名词用于比较前表示程度。如:
He
is
a
head
taller
than
I.
他比我高一个头。
You
are
only
one
month
younger
than
I.
你比我只小一个月。
Your
shoes
are
two
yuan
cheaper
than
mine.
你的鞋子比我的便宜两块钱。

❹ 一。。。。就用英语,使用什么表达方式,和语法

1.as soon as
I will call you as soon as I arrive home.
我一到家就给你打电话
2.once
Once you have collected all the stamps with different pictures, you can sell them for $6000.
你一旦收集齐所有不同图案的邮票就可以以六千美元卖掉它们。

❺ 英语语法项目的英文名称或英文表达

时态:tense
语态:voice
单数:singular form
复数:plural form
主谓一致:agreement of subject and verb
定语从句:attributive clause
名词性从句:noun clause
状语从句:adverbial clause
虚拟语气:subjunctive mood

❻ 初中英语语法如何用英语表达

常用语法术语表
句法 syntax
词法 morphology
结构 structure
层次 rank
词类 part of speech
实词 notional word
虚词 structrural word

名词 noun
专有名词 proper noun
普通名词 common noun
可数名词 countable noun
不可数名词 uncountable noun
抽象名词 abstract noun
具体名词 concret moun
物质名词 material noun
集体名词 collective noun
个体名词 indivial noun

介词 preposition
连词 conjunction

动词 verb
主动词 main verb
及物动词 transitive verb
不及物动词 intransitive verb
系动词 link verb
助动词 auxiliary verb
情态动词 modal verb
规则动词 regular verb
不规则动词 irregular verb
短语动词 phrasal verb
限定动词 finite verb
非限定动词 infinite verb
使役动词 causative verb
感官动词 verb of senses
动态动词 event verb
静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation

副词 adverb

方式副词 adverb of manner
程度副词 adverb of degree
时间副词 adverb of time
地点副词 adverb of place
修饰性副词 adjunct
连接性副词 conjunct
疑问副词 interogative adverb
关系副词 relative adverb

代词 pronoun
人称代词 personal pronoun
物主代词 possesive pronoun
反身代词 reflexive pronoun
相互代词 reciprocal pronoun
指示代词 demonstrative pronoun
疑问代词 interrogative pronoun
关系代词 relative pronoun
不定代词 indefinite pronoun
物主代词 possecive pronoun
名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun
形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun

冠词 article
定冠词 definite article
不定冠词 indefinite article

数词 numeral
基数词 cardinal numeral
序数词 ordinal numeral
分数词 fractional numeral

形式 form
单数形式 singular form
复数形式 plural form
限定动词 finite verb form
非限定动词 non-finite verb form
原形 base form

从句 clause
从属句 subordinate clause
并列句 coordinate clause
名词从句 nominal clause
定语从句 attributive clause
状语从句 adverbial clause
宾语从句 object clause
主语从句 subject clause
同位语从句 appositive clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time
地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner
让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession
原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause
结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result
目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose
条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition
非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition
含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence
简单句 simple sentence
并列句 compound sentence
复合句 complex sentence
并列复合句 compound complex sentence
陈述句 declarative sentence
疑问句 interrogative sentence

一般疑问句 general question
特殊疑问句 special question
选择疑问句 alternative question
附加疑问句 tag question
反义疑问句 disjunctive question
修辞疑问句 rhetorical question
感叹疑问句 exclamatory question

存在句 existential sentence
肯定句 positive sentwence
否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence
省略句 elliptical sentence
感叹句 exclamatory sentence
基本句型 basic sentence patern

句子成分 members of sentences
主语 subject
谓语 predicate
宾语 object
双宾语 al object
直接宾语 direct object
间接宾语 indirect object
复合宾语 complex object
同源宾语 cognate object
补语 complement
主补 subject complement
宾补 object complement
表语 predicative
定语 attribute
同位语 appositive
状语 adverbial

句法关系 syntatic relationship
并列 coordinate
从属 subordination
修饰 modification
前置修饰 pre-modification
后置修饰 post-modification
限制 restriction
双重限制 double-restriction
非限制 non-restriction

数 number
单数形式 singular form
复数形式 plural form
规则形式 regular form
不规则形式 irregular form

格 case
普通格 common case
所有格 possessive case
主格 nominative case
宾格 objective case

性 gender
阳性 masculine
阴性 feminine
通性 common
中性 neuter

人称 person
第一人称 first person
第二人称 second person
第三人称 third person

时态 tense
过去将来时 past future tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense
一般现在时 present simple tense
一般过去时 past simple tense
一般将来时 future simple tense
现在完成时 past perfect tense
过去完成时 present perfect tense
将来完成时 future perfect tense
现在进行时 present continuous tense
过去进行时 past continuous tense
将来进行时 future continuous tense
过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense
现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

语态 voice
主动语态 active voice
被动语态 passive voice

语气 mood
陈述语气 indicative mood
祈使语气 imperative mood
虚拟语气 subjunctive mood

否定 negation
否定范围 scope of negation
全部否定 full negation
局部否定 partial negation
转移否定 shift of negation

语序 order
自然语序 natural order
倒装语序 inversion
全部倒装 full inversion
部分倒装 partial inversion

直接引语 direct speech
间接引语 indirect speech
自由直接引语 free direct speech
自由间接引语 free indirect speech

一致 agreement
主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement
语法一致 grammatical agreement
概念一致 notional agreement
就近原则 principle of proximity

强调 emphasis
重复 repetition
语音 pronunciation
语调 tone
升调 rising tone
降调 falling tone
降升调 falling-rising tone

文体 style
正式文体 formal
非正式文体 informal
口语 spoken/oral English
套语 formulistic expression
英国英语 British English
美国英语 American English
用法 usage

感情色彩 emotional coloring
褒义 commendatory
贬义 derogatory
幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic
挖苦 ironic

❼ 英语有哪些语法都是什么形式

继续补充
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化

1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:

two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos

radio---radios zoo---zoos;

b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。

3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:

a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs

safe---safes gulf---gulfs;

b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化

1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:

people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are instries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

❽ 英语语法表示疼的几种方式

身体部位+ache
have a 部位ache
ache +in +部位
例如:
My back aches.
I have a toothache.
I ache in my back.
亲:高老师祝你学习进步,每天都版开心V_V!权
望采纳,thanks(thx)!

❾ 求英语各种语法形式的例句

状语从句1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如:
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 2.方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1)as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体。例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2)as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒 3.原因状语从句
比较because, since, as和for:
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。例如:
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因为他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。4.目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声,别人就能听见了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服,以防天发冷。5.结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that 或 such…that引导。so…that与such…that之间可以转换。例如:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 6. 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我们去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 让步状语从句
1)though, although引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。(谚语)
2) as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩,该做什么不做什么,他全知道。
3) ever if, even though即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要去远足。
4) whether…or…不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,这确实是真的。
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么,他不在意。
替换:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。8. 比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如:
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车,有一个人向我走来。
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 赶完活后,你可以休息一下。
3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。例如:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。9.比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。
区别:1)until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。例如:
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒装。例如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
2)It is not until… that… 。例如:
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家,就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作宾语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
名词性从句
(一)主语从句类
I What he need is more time 2 Where she has gone is a mystery. (二)表语从句类The fact iS that she never liked him. The question is who can complete teh dificult task。(三)宾语从句类1.Do you know what they are doing? 2.It is a matter of who will hold the position.(四)同位语从句类 He has no idea what was the matter with him.
The news that his class got the first prize in the relay—is true.

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