A. 七年级下册牛津版英语课本单词表
Mle1 unit1 natural element control injure cigarette end project question information happen careful kind what kind of cause hill screen page answer above useful harmful discover wild boil melt so that shape glass vase put amount destroy everything lose seriously careless thoughtless put out drop everywhere quiz card fill in carry breathe equipment myself hose pipe ladder axe fire rule pack queue up downstairs switch off fan staircase title sentence else extinguisher alarm bell alarm bell fire hose firefighting ground ground floor corridor main art and craft music toilet staff covered covered playground UNIT2 windy display board display again gentle breeze order column typhoon raincoat tightly windsurfing slightly pinwheel countryside caption fall sink slean-up fiercely wave suddenly sky string break immediately lightly happily pass begin part high observatory slide object pot safety precaution lock large shelter quickly UNIT3 quarter coral reef seaweed competition ocean earth almost stream wonderful whale dolphin intelligent shark dangerous as well plant starfish oil salt pollute cover without teeth shower wash dish nothing nowhere borrow shower dripping tap paster save waste fix turn off rather than bath mug UNIT4 forest hollow fuel carefully summary sketchbook area provide insect build ink soon clay wool plastic can bowl plastic can bowl plate skin leather belt sand wooden woollen sock pencil case purse jug robot spoon chopstick fork touch feel hard tablecloth above Mle2 unit1 hospital architect make sure builder properly mechanic garage repair van drive fire engine secretary type removal company removal move conversation lift of course answer phone meeting police police station warden traffic warden policewoman ambulance ambulance man motorcycle knock down crash go on fire motorcyclist afraid run away scene phone telephone stop broken arm leg sweeper work sweep empty bakery bake breakfast market seller fresh dinner unit2 balcony estate agency bedroom untidy put away tidily drawer shelf full move kitchen sitting room bathroom find month bay square metre decide lorry shall next to opposite between armchair unit2 transport get to steep step quiet restaurant bottom convenient moisy busy peaceful pleasant relaxing noise lots of season secongd third fourth unit4 west turn instruction mustn’ warning exit counter dice throw miss winner plant properly campsite ahead space turtle hostel litter chase environment helmet prevent Mle3 unit1 race salty mpling sweet fifth lunar month lunar month celebrate hate bean sure a little born give advice emperor listen to was be good at poem famous poet battle ’d rather moon cake pudding pancake cookie sandwich hamburger lemonade 7-UP unit2 surprise Saturday free delicious cartoon look forward to pity fish finger spring roll spaghetti meatball Coke ingredient powder icing candle secondly thirdly fourthly C add mix gramme mixture baking tin spoonful beat last wish unit3 smart entertainment guide concert circus history museum war match programme funnday called afterwards neither outhing fall asleep feel tired Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday midnight Friday enough wrong discuss future less fat bad habit used to child not any longer spend pocket money save up still unit4 homeless get ready for sushi tuna cucumber carrot hot dog tomato sauce mustard pie scone samosa curry naan neighbour teach England pleasure self-raising flour pough wide sprinkle tray oven cookery Mle4 unit1 weekend hold on monent pause space adventure cowboy swan ration prince enemy full of action king diary violin last for drive avenue bookshop lane unit2 santa claus association more than prepare for Christmas look for patient hard-working friendly honest beautifully sew interview advertisement message radio pretend turkey since popular meal each other song carol Christmas Eve busy hang up stocking Christmas Day believe jesus Christ exchange Boxing Day public holiday nearly choose picture dictionary match angel goose decoration queen dish tasty tobin ox mince stable Xmas Noel holly cracker unwrap circle pointed evergreen voice shepherd yule-log wreath word Father Christmas tube coloured paper pull noise log unit3 market anything jeans hole kid cafe won’t collar spot sweater V-neck check round stripe medium changing room over there
B. 牛津版初一英语的语法知识点
时态讲解
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?
Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。
五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。
(六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)
You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句:
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成)
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物动词与不及物动词
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。
1.及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at…..
3. 宾语(动作的对象):是名词或代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(如动名词)。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。
4.举例:“看”
(1)see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟)
(3)look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语了)
连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。
一、 连系动词的类型有:
1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事项
1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
终止性动词与延续性动词
终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。 例如:get arrive 这类动词不与一段时间连用
终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语.
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
终止性动词不用于进行时态,若是进行时态形式应译成将来时态的意思。
终止性动词和延续性动词辨析 王嵩
英语动词可以分为延续性动词和终止性动词。这两种动词在每年中考英语试题中出现率较高,笔者将其归纳分类,供同学们学习时参考。一、延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for,how,long,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如:1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China.自从来到中国,我已经学会了l,000多个汉字。2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自从来到这儿,我们就一直住在临清。3.I have kept the picture for about three years.这张画我保存了大约三年。 二、终止性动词 终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有:accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点: (一)终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如:1.They have reached Shanghai.他们已经到达了上海。2.Has he gone to London? 他已经到伦敦去了吗? (二)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以,在现在完成时中一般不能和以since,for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:1.那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week.(误)2.他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago.(误)在以上两句中,die和come都是终止性动词,可用于现在完成时,但不能与以since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。那么,上面两个句子应该怎样译成英语呢?请看下面四种译法:1.把终止性动词改为延续性的动词。例如:①The old man has been dead for a week.②He has been here since three days ago.2.把原句中的一段时间改为表示“过去”的时间,时态由现在完成时改变成一般过去时。例如:①The old man died a week ago.②He came here three days ago.3.用“It is+时间+since…”句式。例如:①It is/has been a week since the old man died.②It has been/is three days since he came here.4.用“多长时间+has passed+since…”句式。例如:①A week has passed since the old men died.②Three days had passed since he came here. (三)有关特殊终止性动词的用法。1.在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句里,谓语动词不能使用终止性动词,但可以把while改成when,这样,从句里的谓语动词就可以使用终止性动词了。因为when既可以表示时间的“点”,又可以表示时间的“段”。例如:While he got to America.he found his English Was very poor.(误)When he got t0 America.he found his English was very poor.(正)2.终止性动词的否定式与until连用时,意为“直到……才/不到什么时间不……”等。例如:Don’t get off until the bus stops.车未停稳,切勿下车。3.终止性动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用。例如:How long have you borrowed the magazine?(误)When did you borrow the magazine?(正)How long have you kept the magazine?(正)
终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别
上海市中国中学 黄文英
英语中的动词,是学习中的重点,又是难点。英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。
用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2.用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
3.用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4.用延缓性动词代替终止性动词。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但须注意:终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)
此外,终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同,很易混淆。下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳:
1. 在连词since引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同的。
A. since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习。
B. 在since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起。
eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
自从我醒后,没听见任何声音。
介词for引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况:
A.介词for引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含义。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那儿已六个月了。(或: 他住在那儿还不到六个月。)
B.介词for引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了。
句中含有till 或until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的,但要注意两种情况:
如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止。
eg. He didn’t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电。
如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚。
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)
C. 牛津七年级下册英语第一单元语法整理
语法还是知识点?我帮你找了下列资料,不知道是不是你需要的?
短语学习:
1. be superior to 比。。。优越,比。。。好,超过。。。
This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.
这家西餐馆比我们上星期去的那一家好。
He is ~ to me in position. (级别,职位,重要性上)更高
能与to 连用,但不能与than连用的词有:
major(优秀的,高级的);inferior(下等的,下级的)
senior(年长的,地位高的);junior(年少的,后进的)
2. spring up迅速出现;兴起 A doubt sprang up in her mind.
3. a variety of 各种各样的
Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life of different shapes and bright colors.
珊瑚不是植物,而是各种不同形状和色彩斑斓的生物的变体。
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
This tool can be used in a variety of ways.这一工具有多种用途。
various adj. 各种各样的
Tents come in various shapes and sizes. 帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。
4. Come onto the market 上市,在市场上出售
This house only came onto the market yesterday .这所房子是昨天才投放到市场出售的
5.in that case在那种情况下
You don’t like your job? In that case, why don’t you leave?
你不喜欢这份工作?那你怎么不辞掉呢?
She was late, in that case, I can’t wait for her.她迟到了,在那种情况下,我不能等了。
6.stand for代表;象征;容忍
What does “UN” stand for?UN代表的是什么?
I condemn fascism and all it stands for.我谴责法西斯主义及其代表的一切。
I can’t stand (for) this insolence. 我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为。
7. capable adj. 有能力的;有才能的 be capable of 能够
Show your teacher what you are capable of. 向你的老师表现出你的才能。
This is a robot capable of understanding spoken commands.
这是一个能听懂口头指令的机器人。
The machine is capable of improvement.这台机器是可以改进的。
8.up to date 最近的
It was a modern factory—everything was really up to date.
这是一个现代化的工厂——一切都是最新式的。
We are keeping up to date with the latest developments. 我们保持掌握最新的发展。
out of date(out-of-date作定语形容词)过时的
9. (sb.)be familiar with sth.熟悉……
(sth.)be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉
10. wind ( wound wound )vt.上发条;缠;绕
wind up 给……上发条;使某人高度兴奋;把(汽车窗玻璃等摇上)
wind down (钟表)慢下来,停住; (人)松弛下来
1) He forgot to wind [waind] (up) his watch.
2) Are all the windows wound up?
介词
介词的分类:
1. 表示时间的介词:at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。
2. 表示地点,位置,方向的介词:next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等
3. 表示原因,理由的介词:for, as, at, from 等
4. 表示方式的介词:on, in, by, with 等。
常用介词辨析
1. 表示时间的in, on, at, after
1) in 的用法。
用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening
用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring
用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours
2) on 的用法
用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s ay
用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day
3) at 的用法
用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine
用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time
4) after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock
2. 表示的地点的 in, on , at
in指大地方,at是小地点, in表示的是体,on表示的是面,at表示的是点。
They will arrive in Shanghai.他们将到上海。
They will arrive at the school.他们将到学校。
They live on the ninth floor.他们住在九楼。
I will meet you at the bus stop.我在车站接你。
in可指内部, on可指“在…之上”
There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。
There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。
3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.
1)on , over, above指上方;under, below指下方;on指物体接触。
2)over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。
There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。
The ball is under the desk.桌子下有一只球。
4. between, among
Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。
There will be a match between Tom and me. 汤姆和我之间将要有一场比赛。
The teacher is standing among the students. 老师正站在学生们中间。
但有时在数量不多的个体之间进行选择,可用Between.
You can choose between the books on the table.你可以在桌子的书中进行选择。
5. across , over, through
Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。
Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗?
You must go through the forest at once. 你必须马上穿过树林。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
6. 表示方式、方法、手段的常用介词by, in, with, through
★ by 表示“用(方法、手段、途径等)”或意为“乘坐(交通工具) ”,后接的名词前面通常不用冠词。
★ in 表示“用(方式、材料、途径、语言)”。
★ with 表示“带着,伴随”,后接具体的工具,手段、材料或其他行为方式。
Mr. Green usually goes to work ___car.
He wrote many letters ___English.
He told me to write _____a pen.
You can master English ________more practice.
7. 表示“除…… 之外”的介词
through 表示“以(方法、手段) ”“经由”。
besides 表示包含, 除 --- 之外还有---
except 表示排除, 除 ---- 之外
but 表示排除, 多与nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等连用.
except for 表示除去整体中的部分, “只是, 只不过”
__________ basketball, I like playing Pingpang.
You have no choice ________work hard.
Li Long is a good student ______________his laziness.
*He usually goes to work on time _____.
A. except for raining days B. besides it rains
C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days
8. 看似相同,但意义有别的词组。
At school 在上学 At the school 在学校
In front of 在…前边(外部) In the front of 在…前部(内部)
In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班
In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上
In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里
Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校
(1).名词+介词:
1. approval of 批准 2. awareness of 意识到
3. grasp of 把握住 4. hatred of 憎恶
5. desire for 要求、愿望 6. fondness for 爱好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)
7. hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 乐观)
8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)
9. reason for 有必须……的理由 (have reason for...)
10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for...) 11. belief in 信任于
12. interest in 对……有兴趣 13. success in 成功、成就
(2).形容词 + 介词:
1. afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)
2. aware of 觉得
3. capable of 能 (The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)
4. fond of 喜爱 (He's fond of fishing.)
5. jealous of 嫉妒于
6. made of 用……制成的
7. proud of 对……感觉光荣 (I'm proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的光荣。)
8. sure of 确信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)
9. tired of 厌倦的
10. careless about 不关心、不重视
11. worried about 自找烦恼
12. familiar with 熟悉于、精通于
13. interested in 兴趣于
14. sorry for 懊悔、觉得过意不去 (You will be sorry for this some day.)
(3).动词 + 介词:(这类组合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词,意思就不同了)
1. care about 关心 (He doesn't care about other people. 他不关心别人。)
2. care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜欢来杯咖啡吗?)
3. take care of 照顾 (Take care of yourseft. 照顾自己喔。)
4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦到你。)
5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦想发达了。)
6. hear about 听到关于……的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )
7. hear of 听到……的事/话 (Have you heard of a place called 'Mulu'?)
8. hear from 得到……的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)
9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)
10. look for 找、指望 (Can you help me look for my keys?)
11. look after 照应、看守 (She is ill, she needs someone to look after her.)
12. think about 思索、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)
13. think of 想起、企图 (He told me his name but I can't think of it now.)
展示导思(25分钟)
1. weigh vt. 称……的重量;权衡;考虑vi. 重量为……
He weighed himself on the bathroom scales.他用浴室磅秤量体重。
She weighed the stone in her hand.他用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。
I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.
我认真考虑了这个计划的优点及其风险。
weigh sb. down 使烦恼;使焦虑
weight n. 重量 put on weight 增加体重 lose weight 减肥
take the weight off one’s feet 坐下来歇会儿
2.measure vt.& vi. 测量;度量;判断;评估 n. 措施;方法
It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.
没见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。
1)measure指测量某物的长宽高等或估计某人的能力。也可用作名词,意思是“措施”,take measures to do 采取措施做……。如:
Measures should be taken to stop pollution.该采取措施制止污染了。
2)固定搭配:in great measure 很大程度上
3)固定搭配be measured in/by “用……计算”。如:
In England distance is measured by miles while in China by kilometers.
在英国距离按英里计算,在中国却按千米计算。
3..suitable adj.合适的;适宜的
suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物 suitable to do sth.适合做某事
Is this a suitable time to have a word with you?我想和你说句话,你现在方便吗?
This programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。。
(1)suit v. 适合;适宜;满足需要n. 一套衣服
Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.选一台适合你自个儿需要的电脑。
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.要是你想坐公共汽车走,那对我也合适。
(2)suit, fit与match.
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位。
Does the time suit you?这个时间对你合适吗?
match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
The People’s Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian An Men beautifully.
人民大会堂和历史博物馆与天安门陪衬的极为美丽。
fit多指大小合适,引申为“吻合”。
The new coat fits me well.这件新衣服我穿着大小合适。
2)用suit,fit与match填空
(1)Try the new key and see if it __________. (2)No dish __________ all tastes.
(3)This hot weather doesn’t __________ me.
(4)The doors were painted blue to __________ the walls.
(5)I tried the dress on and it didn’t __________.
(6)None of these glasses __________.
4. guarantee v. 担保;保障;保证n. 保证;担保;保修单
guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事 guarantee+that 从句
be under guarantee(n.)在保修期内
He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情决不会再发生。
We provide a 5-year guarantee against rust.我们保证,产品5年不生锈。
We can’t guarantee that our flights will never be delayed.
D. 英语七年级下册单词表 牛津上海版
German
blog
grammar
sound
complete
hobby
country
age
dream
everyone
Germany
mountain
elder
friendly
engineer
world
Japan
flat
yourself
US
close to
go to school
(be)good at
make friends with
all over
'd like to=would like to
这是上册的
E. 初一下册英语所有重点单词的用法
词组
be from 来自
in November 在十一月
the Unite States 美国
the Unite Kindom 英国
live in 居住
pen pal 笔友
at school 在学校
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
speak a little French 讲一点法语
write to sb. 给某人写信
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
her favorite subject 她最喜欢的科目
a very interesting country 一个很有趣的国家
years old….. ….岁
a little 一点儿
go to the movies 去看电影
play sports 做运动
on weekends 在周末
action movies 动作片
likes and dislikes 好恶, 爱憎
句型
where is your pen pal from? 你的笔友是哪里人?
He is from Korea. 他是朝鲜人。
Where do you live? 你住在哪里?
I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。
What language does he speak? 他讲什么语言?
He speaks English. 他讲英语。
Is that from your new pen pal? 它是你笔友那儿来的吗?
Yes , it is. 是的,它是。
I want a pen pal in China. 我想在中国找一个笔友。
I think China is a very interesting country. 我认为中国是一个很有趣的国家。
I can speak English and a little French. 我会说英语和一点法语。
I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
我喜欢和朋友一起看电影,做运动。
My favorite subject in school is P.E. 我在学校最喜欢的科目是体育。
Can you write to me soon? 你不久能给我写信吗?
I play soccer on weekends. 我周末踢足球。
It’s my favrite sport. 这是我最喜爱的运动。
I like music at school. 在学校我喜欢音乐。
Please write and tell me about yourself. 请写信告诉我你的情况。
post office 邮局
pay phone (投币式)公用电话
across from 在…的对面
excuse me (打
希望能帮助你,谢谢,请采纳。。。
F. 七年级英语下册语法及单词
七年级(下)
Mole 1
*buy v.买
call v.打电话
drive v. 开车
enjoy v. 享受
lie v. 躺下
*shop v. 逛商店;购物
*take v. 获得;拿;抓
take photos 拍照
*tell v. 讲;告诉
*wait v. 等
*for prep. 为;为了
*wait for 等待;等候
*postcard n. 明信片
the Great Wall 长城
*really adv. (表语气)真的吗
a good time 美好时光
a lot 非常
anyway adv. (转换话题、结束谈话时说)无论如何,反正
car n. 小汽车
put on 穿上
*thing n.事情;东西
leave v. 离开
work n.&v. 工作
at home 在家
pub n. 洒馆
*restaurant n. 饭馆
opera n. 歌剧
ballet n. 芭蕾舞
sleep n&v. 睡觉
*wash v. 洗;洗涤
dress v. 穿衣服
*start n&v. 开始
midday n. 正午
*hot dog 热狗
coffee n.咖啡
see v. 探望;看见
greeting n. 问候;致意
at the moment 现在,此时
look at 看……
*soon adv. 立刻;不久
*love n.&v. 爱;热爱
See you later 再见。
*night n. 夜晚
good night 晚安(打招呼用语)
*street n. 街道
Mole 2
festival n. 节目
Spring Festival 春节
ready adj. 有准箭的
get ready for 为……准备好
*clean v. 打扫;弄干净
*cook v. 做饭;烹饪
meal n. 一餐,一顿饭
*learn v. 学;学会
dragon n. 龙
dragon dance 舞龙
lantern n. 灯笼
Lantern Festival 元宵节
sweep v. 打扫
sweep away 扫去
*floor n. 地板
*happen V. 发生
*help v. 帮助
at work 在工作
*tradition n. 传统
bad adj. 坏的;不好的
*luck n. 运气
*paint v. 涂;绘域
*mean v. 意思是;意味
decorate v. 装饰
decc)ration n. 装饰
paper cut 剪纸
everyone pron. 每个人;
haircut n. 理发
*give v. 给
New Year 新年
New Year's Eve 新年前夜
mpling n. 饺子;团子
sweet adj. 甜的
pudding n. 布丁;甜点心
fireworks n. (复)焰火
few n. 小多,很少
a few 一些
*want v. 要;想要
*week 星期
round adj. 圆的
adv. 在周围
all the year round 一年到头
*bring v. 带来
colour n. 颜色
*something pron. 某事;某物
*cut v 剪;切
*Christmas n. 圣诞节
*long adj. 长的
Mole 3
*plan n.&v.计划;打算
revise v. 温习;复习
revise for 温习;复习
*picnic n. 野餐
*have a picnic 吃野餐
test n.&v. 测试;测验
walk up 沿……走;登上
*forward adv. 向前
*look forward to 期待
daughter n. 女儿
granddaughter n.(外)孙女
*because conj. 因为
*plane/pleIn/n. 飞机
sightseeing n. 游览;观光
do some sightseeing 游览
*culture n. 文化
beach n. 海滨;海滩
*sea n. 海;海洋
wife n. 妻子
*cook n. 炊事员;厨师
*why adv. 为什么
foreign adj. 外国的
get(from…)to… (从……)到达
go sightseeing 去观光
*cycle v. 骑白行车
go cycling 去骑自行年
shopping n. 买东西;购物
go shopping 去买东两;去购物
*early adj.&adv. 早
*out adv. 出外;在外
go out 外出
Mole 4
*life n. 生活;生命
future n. 将来;未来
in the future 在将来;在未来
cable TV 有线电视
calculator n. 计算器
cell phone 移动电话
chalk n. 粉笔
paper n. 纸
ruler n. 直尺
satellite TV 卫星电视
*no adj. 没有;尢
no one 没有人;无人
*farm n. 农场
*holiday n. 假日;节日
*rain n. 雨;雨水
v. 下雨
*weather n. 天气
wind n. 风
so conj.因此;所以
flying n. (坐飞机)飞行
cheap adj. 便宜的
fuel n. 燃料
*expensive adj. 昂贵的
*short adj. 短暂的;短的;矮自
*get 变得;得到;拿到
get warm 变暖
rough adj. (海浪等)汹涌的.(气候)有暴风雨的
spring n. 舂天
autumn n. 秋天
heavy rain 大雨;暴雨
*strong adj. 强烈的;强壮的;强大的
comfortable/.kAmflobl/adj. 舒适的;舒服的
heat v. 加热
machine n. 机器
ll adj. 单凋的;枯燥的
job n.工作
free adj. 自由的
climate n. 气候
technology n. 科技;技术
transport n. 运输
*easy adj. 容易的
interesting adj. 有趣的
*difficult adj. 困难的
smooth adj. 平静的;平稳的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
weak adj. 弱的
*dream n. 梦想
Mole 5
hometown n.故乡;家乡
*than conj. (用于形容词、副词的比较级之后)比
*east adj. 东方的
n. 东方
*south adj. 南方的
n. 南方
kilometre n. 千米;公
*metre n. 米
*high adj. 高的
million num. 百万
*busy adj.忙的;繁忙的
*coast n. 海岸
*hill n. 小山;丘陵
*island n. 岛屿
population n. 人口
answer v. 回答
n. 回答;答案
*question n. 问题
v. 提问;询问
*north n. 北方
adj.北方的
*west n. 西方
adj.西方的
*river n. 河;江
church n. 教堂
*famous adj. 著名的
*capital v. 首都;省会
*lake n. 湖
low adj. 低的
*mountain n. 山;山脉
*about adv. 大约;几乎.
prep.关于
*near/mo/prep. 靠近;接近
village n. 村庄
region n. 地区;区域
*wide aaj. 宽的
*fact n. 事实;细节
Mole 6
Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的
*adventure n. 激动人
心的活动;冒险
more adj. 更多的
adv. 更
*dangerous adj. 危险的
gymnastics n. 体操
ski v. 滑雪
*popular adj. 流行的;受欢迎的
*exciting adj. 激动人心的
tiring adj. 累人的
unpopular adj. 不流行的,不受欢迎的
boring adj. 令人厌烦的
relax v. (使)放松
relaxing aaj. 放松的;轻松自在的
safe adj. 安全的
be good at 擅长
neighbourhood n. 居住区;邻近地区;邻里关系
committee n. 委员会
arrive v. 到达
late adv. 迟;晚于规定时刻
adj. 迟的;晚的
back n. 后面;后部
however adv. 可是;然而
*slowly adv. 慢地
loudly adv. 大声地;吵闹土眭
clearly adv. 清楚地
visitor n. 游客;观光者
*need v.&modal v. 需要
*quickly adv. 快地
*well adv. 好地
badly adv. 坏地;糟糕地
carelessly adv. 粗心地;马虎地
*better adj.&adv. 更好
*hard adv. 努力地
*take around领(某人)四处参观
cassette n. 盒式磁带
player n. 播放机
vocabulary n. 词汇
carefully adv. 认真地
quietly adv. 安静地
continue v. 继续
until prep. 直到……时;到……为止
Mole 7
journey n. 旅行;旅程
ferry n. 渡船;渡口
subway n. 地铁
taxi n. 出租车
crowded adj. 拥挤的
modern adj. 现代的
farthest adv. 最远地
best adj. & adv. 最好
fast adv.& adj. 快;迅速
most adj. 最多的
adv. 最
*close adj. 近的;接近的
adv. 靠近地
stop n. 车站
bus stop 公共汽车站
terminal n. 终点站;总站
ferry terminal 客运码头
British adj. 英国的;不列颠的
airway n. 航线;(常复)航空公司
express n. 快车
*star n. 星;星状物;明星
*take v. 花费(时间)
passenger n. 乘客
airline n. 航线;(常复)航空公司
distance n. 距离
hour n. 小时
quick adj. 快的;迅速的
way n. 方式;道路
fare n. 车费;飞机票价;船费
*know v. 知道;了解
Mole 8
*past adj.&n. 过去(的)
prep. 超过……
was 动词be(am,is)的过去式
*born (动词bear/beo/的过去分词)出生
be born 出生于
founder n. 创建者
scientist n. 科学家
professor n. 教授
were 动词be(are)的过去式
strict adj. 严格的;严厉的
*nice adj. 友好的;令人愉快的
friendly adj. 友好的
*naughty adj. 淘气的
primary adj. 初等的;初级的
primary school 小学
well-behaved adj.有礼貌的,循规蹈矩的
hey int. 嘿;喂
province n. 省;省份
Mrs n. 夫人;太太
president n. 总统
*with prep. 带有;和……在一起
store n. 商店
movie n. 电影
*baseball n. 棒球
living room 起居室
*kitchen n. 厨房
bathroom n. 浴室
bedroom n. 卧室
wall n. 墙
poster n. 招贴画;海报
garden n. 花园
*pond n. 池塘
*fish n. 鱼;鱼肉
back adv. 回(原处);向后
go back 回去
somewhere n. 某处;某个地方
unfriendly adj. 不友好的
partner n. 搭档;同伴
character n. 性格
Mole 9
*once adv. 曾经;一度
once upon a time (常用作讲故事的开头语)从前
*bear n. 熊
*begin v. 开始
*decide v. 决定
*ride n.&v. 骑(马;车等)
go for a ride 去乘(骑……)
golden adj. 金黄色的
*little adj. 小的;矮小的
pick v. 采摘
notice v. 注意到
*hurry v.&n. 赶忙;匆忙
knock v. 敲
nobody pron. 没有人;无人
push v. 推
*open adj. 敞开的
V. 建立;开;打开
enter v. 进人
*count v. 数
bowl n. 碗
pick up 捡起
all adj. 全部的
adv. 全部地
:hungry adj. 饿的
rush v. 冲;奔
try v. 尝试
destroy V. 毁坏;破坏
unhappy adj. 不高兴的
asleep adj. 睡着的
*return v. 返回;归还
cry v. 哭;喊叫
point v. (用手指等)指
without prep. 无;没有
look around 向四周看
die v. 死
change into 变成
emperor n. 皇帝
Mole 10
January n. 1月
February n. 2月
March n. 3月
April n.4月
May n. 5月
June n. 6月
July n. 7月
August n.8月
September n. 9月
October n. 10月
November n. 11月
December n. 12月
go away 走开;离开
actor n. (男)演员
writer n. 作家
play n. 戏剧
poem n. 诗歌
age n. 年龄
at the age of 在……岁时
marry v. 结婚
move v. 搬(家);移动
join v. 参加;加人
company n. 剧团;公司
become v. (过去式became)成为
successful adj. 成功的
rich adj. 富有的
*snow v. 下雪
n. 雪
Mole 11
*national adj. 民族的;国家的
hero n. 英雄
bridge n. 桥
build v.(过去式built)建造
engineer n. 工程师
government n. 政府
*museum n.博物馆
patriotic adj.爱国的
railroad n. 铁路
tunnel n. 隧道
Russian adj.俄国的;俄国人的,俄语的
n.俄国人;俄语
through prep.从一端到另一端,穿越
go through穿过
*over prep.在……的上面
astronaut n. 宇航员
flag n.旗,旗帜
space n.太空;空间
wave v.挥手(致意)
spacecraft n. 宇宙飞船
headline n. 标题
*news n.新闻
background n. 背景资料
ago adv. 以前
pilot n. 飞行员
son n. 儿子
orbit v.绕轨道运行
n. 轨道
reach v. 到达
altitude n.高度;海拔
flight n. 飞行;航程
*last v.持续
land v. 着陆
n. 陆地
safely adv. 安全地
third num. 第三
person n. 人
air force 空军
*programme n. 项目; (电视)节目
rest v.&n. 休息
husband n. 丈夫
date n. 日期
*middle n.&adj.中间(的)
end n.&v.结尾;结束
Mole 12
spend v. (过去式spent)
花费(时间、金钱)
*hope v.&n.希望
on holiday在度假;在休假
*clock n.时钟;计时器
do some shopping买东西;购物
*tomorrow n.明天
adv.在明天
gran n.<主英口>奶奶;外婆
[granny的缩略]
Revision mole B
play with和……一起玩
*meaning n. 意义;意思
G. 初一下册英语12单元单词语法
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class. 短语 1. arrive / belate for class 上课迟到 2. run in the hallways 在走廊里跑 3. eatoutside 在外就餐 4. wear a uniform 穿制服 5. have to do 不得不 / 必须做。。。 6. what / who /where / nothing / someone else 其它什么/别的什么人/别的什么地方/没有别的什么东西/别的某人 7. on schoolnights 在有课的晚上 8. practice the guitar 练习吉它 9. too manyrules 太多的规矩 10. by ten o’clock 在10:00以前 11. Don’t listento music in the classroom. 不要在教室里听音乐。 12. Do your homework after school. 放学后做作业。 13. No talking. 不许讲话。 No food. 禁止带食物。 14. – Do you have to wear a uniform atschool? -- Yes, we do. --你们必须在学校穿制服吗? -- 是的,必须穿。 15. After school, we have to clean theclassroom. 放学后,我们必须打扫教室。 16. I never have any fun. 我从来没有任何快乐。 17. talk loudly 高声喧哗 语法:祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、劝告等,谓语动词用原形。例如: Come in, please.请进。 Do your homework at once.马上做你的作业。 Don’t be late for school again.上学别再迟到了。 Take care not to catch a cold.小心别感冒了。 Get out!滚! Look out! Mind your head!小心!当心头! 这种句子的否定式多用Do not(通常写为Don’t)引导,也可用Never引导。例如: Don’t sit on the desk.不要坐在桌子上。 Don’t watch TV too much.不要看太多的电视。 Never do that again.再不要这样做了。 祈使句的主语通常是不表示出来的。例如:Don’t worry. I’lllook after myself. 在句型转换中, 肯定祈使句:DO +do / be… 否定祈使句:Don’t do / be…