A. 人教版八年级所有英语语法
5．Thanks for taking care of my dog．谢谢你照看我的狗。
6．Don't forget to clean his bed．不要忘了清扫他的床。
7．I'm going to work on my English project and then meet my friends. 我要做英语功课，然后见我的朋友。
8．I'm going on vacation tomorrow．明天我要度假。
Unit 12
close to home靠近家的
movie theater影院
comfortable seats舒适的座位
do a survey of做一个调查
play a piano piece弹一支钢琴曲
the price of……的价格
the radio station广播电台
think about考虑
talent show才能展示
boring TV show乏味的电视节目
a 1ot许多
1．What's the best movie theater? 哪个是最好的影院?
2．What is the best radio station? 哪个是最好的广播电台?
3．It has the most comfortable seats．它拥有最舒适的座位。
4．What do young people think about places in town? 年轻人关于镇上的位置是什么看法?
5．We did a survey of our readers．我们做了一个读者涮查。
6．Last week's talent show was a great success．上周的才能展示是一个成功。
7．She played a beautiful piano piece．她演奏了一支优美的钢琴曲。
8．What is the most boring TV show? 最乏味的电视剧是什么7
9．The price of a hotel room is about 320 yuan a night． 一个旅馆房间的价格是每晚320元。
10．There's a lot things to do．有许多事情要做。
Review of units 7一12
make mushroom soup做蘑菇汤
a speech contest一次演讲比赛
live in居住在……
creative job富有创造性的工作
arrive in到达
elementary school小学
funniest movie actor最有意思的电影演员
1．How do you make mushroom soup? 你怎么做蘑菇汤?
2．I won a speech contest．我演讲比赛获胜。
3．Are you going to live in Beijing?你要住在北京吗?
4．No，not an actor，another kind of creative job．不，不是做演员，而是另一种富有创造性的工作。
5．We arrived in Australia 0n August 20th．
我们在八月二十日到达澳大利亚。
6．What is the best elementary school?最好的小学是哪个?
7．Who do you think is the funniest movie actor? 你认为谁是最有意思的电影演员? 下册a pair of一双，一对 ask for 请求 ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干 agree with赞同 all year round一年到头，全年 all kinds of各种，各样 all the time一直 argue with与争吵 around the world在世界各地 arrive in/at到达 at least至少 at a meeting在开会 at first首先 as…as possible尽可能 as…as象一样 be able to能够 be angry with 生气 be mad at对感到气愤 be good at擅长于 be careful小心 be allowed被允许 be surprised惊讶 be supposed to被期望/被要求 be interested in对感兴趣 break the rule打破规则 by the way顺便 complain about抱怨 come along出现，发生 come true实现，达到 come in进来 cut in line插队 call sb. up打电话给 do/wash the dishes洗碗 drop litter乱扔垃圾 do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事 end up结束 fall in love with爱上 fall asleep入睡 far from远离 first of all首先 fly to飞向 find out找到 …find it adj. to do sth keep…down压低声音 keep out不让进入 look for寻找 look smart 看起来精干 look after照顾 look through浏览 let (sb) in让进 let sbget along相处 get over克服 get annoyed生气 get bored厌烦 get an ecation受教育 get on (well) with与相处（好） get injured受伤 give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物 give away赠送 go skating去溜冰 go out of从出去/来 have a fight with与打架/争吵 have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会 have a great/good time玩得愉快 have been to曾到过 hear about/of听说 hundreds of好几百 had better (not) do sth最好做 in a minute一会儿 in 100 years100年后 in good health身体健康 in front of 在前面 in the future 未来，将来 in the front of在前面 in the playground在操场 in/out of style时髦/过时 in silence默默地 in order to目的 in (Russian) style具有俄国风格 in public places在公共场合 It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事 the same as与相同 try (not) to do sth尽力（不）干 three quarters四分之三 turn on/off打开/关掉 turn up/down开大/关小 talk to/with与谈话 take care of照顾 take part in参加 take off起飞take away拿走 take place发生 take an interest in对感兴趣 take care (not) to do小心（不）做 thanks for (doing)谢谢（做） wait in line排队等候 want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make sb do sth使某人干 make a living (doing sth)谋生 make money赚钱 make friends with与交友 more than多于 need to do sth 需要干 not…anymore不再 not…until直到为止 not at all一点也不 on (my tenth) birthday在（我十岁）生日 on the phone在通话 on the one/other hand在一（另）方面 open up打开 put out熄灭 好不容易收集到的，希望满意（太多拉还有如果需要请加我1413979442）
B. 七八年级英语语法要点人教版
初中英语语法总结
( 动词的时态)
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on
Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时
的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour
ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is
time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you
went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you
came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope
等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在
。例如：I thought
you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过
去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例
如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next
month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for
it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new
clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.
比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the
room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作
或状态。其构成：have
（has） +过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过
去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,
get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in
1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have
come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to
study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to
get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has
been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past
six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student.
我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several
times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living
by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he
arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she
___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written,
had left D. were writing, had left
答案D.
"把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完
成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever
等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but
still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost,
haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用
于否定式时可用于完成时。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two
brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose,
imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget,
prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help.
我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow,
decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get,
become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt
himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂
C. 英语8年级上册书上所有的重点语法（人教版）
资料多,放不下
新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲(全套)
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回来
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
= What’s the trouble (with you)?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营
6. o to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行，
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，
go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样？
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time
= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划
39. something different 不同的事情
40．a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about …….怎么样？
4. take the subway 乘地铁
5. ride a bike 骑自行车
6. take the bus乘公共汽车
7. take the train乘火车
8. take a taxi乘坐出租车
9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车
10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train
(乘坐……车，放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭
12. the early bus 早班车 13. how far多远
14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事
16. bus stop公共汽车站，train station火车站，
subway station地铁站，bus station客运站
17. want to do sth.想做某事
18. walk to school 步行上学
19. in North America 在北美
20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区
21. depend on=depend upon 依靠，靠……决定
22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事
24. number of students学生数
25. a number of=many 许多
number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数
26. the number of….的数量，谓语是单数
27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
1. come to one’s party 参加某人的聚会
2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午
3. I’d love to 我非常乐意
4. I’m sorry 对不起
5. study for a test为测验而学习
6. go to the doctor 去看医生
7. visit one’s aunt 看望某人的姑姑
8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课
10. too much homework 太多家庭作业
11. much too interesting 有趣得多
12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧
13.Thanks for asking（inviting）谢谢邀请
14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛
15. Birthday Party 生日聚会
16. go to the mall 去购物中心
17. soccer practice 足球练习
18. look for 寻找
19. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明
20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习
21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球
22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙
23. football match足球比赛
24. my cousin’s birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会
25. write soon 尽快回信
26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习
27. 给某人打电话的几种说法：
call sb. up, call sb.
phone sb., phone to sb.
telephone sb. telephone to sb.
phone sb. up,ring sb.
give sb. a ring,
give sb. a phone
make a telephone call to sb.
28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上
29. be (go) on vacation 度假
30. next week下周
31. join sb.加入某人一起
32. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静,
keep+形容词表示“保持某种状态”，
keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“（使某人）不停地做某事”，
keep sth. 保存某物
34. culture club 文化俱乐部
35. try to do sth. 努力（企图）做某事,
try doing sth.试着做某事,try one’ best to do sth. 尽力做某事
unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
1. long hair 长头发
2. How are you? 你身体好吗？
3. How old 多大年纪4. how tall 多高
5. how long ago多久前（的事）
6.more outgoing 比较外向
7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲，企图
8. here are photos of me 这是我的照片
9. as you can see 正如你所看到的
10. in some ways在某些地方
11. we look the same我们看起来一样，
They look different他们看起来不同
12. the same to ……多……是一样的
13. quite the same 完全一样
14. all the same 还是， 同样应……
15. look like 看起来像….一样，而look same 看起来很像
16. go to lots of parties经常参加聚会=often go to the party
17. a little taller 高一点
18. take sth. from sth. 从某处拿/取出某物
19. put sth. in sth. 将某物放入某物中
20. make a list of 列出清单
21. has cool clothes 有漂亮的衣服
22. is popular in school 在学校受欢迎
23. is good at sports 擅长体育
24. make me laugh 使我发笑
25. that’s not very important for me 那对我来说并不重要
( be important for sb.)
26. put up举起，抬起，挂起，张贴，建造；
put on穿上，戴上，上演（戏剧）；
put down=write down= down 写下来；
put out 伸出，扑灭；
put away 收起来，收好；
put off推迟；
put one’s heart into…全神贯注于……,全身心投入……
27. opposite views 相反的观点
28. a weekend teacher 周末教师
29. Abacus Study Center 珠算研究中心
30. elementary school students 小学生
31. be good with children 善于与孩子相处
32. have good grades 成绩出色
33. enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话
34. can’t stop talking 不能停止讲话
35. help others 帮助别人,help each other互相帮助
36. in one’s free time在业余时间
37. one of +复数名词（代词）……其中之一
38. use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…
39. be/feel sorry for sb. 为某事感到同情或难受;
be / feel sorry for sth. 因某事感到抱歉或后悔；
be sorry +to see/hear 听到或看到某种情况很不安或难过；
say sorry to sb.向某人道歉
40. begin with 从……开始
41. next to 在……旁边，紧靠……
42. be famous for 因… 而著名，因……而广为人知；
be famous as 作为……而知名
43. all together 总计，总共
44. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事，
相似的用法有几个感官动词see, let, hear, watch, feel等
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk smoothie?
1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料(思木西)
2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉
3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉
4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器
5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源
6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器
7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开)
turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），
turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点
8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂
9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂
10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉
11. two pieces of bread 两片面包
12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起
14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包
13. takes turns doing sth,
take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事
15. slices of ck 烤鸭片
16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼
17. make faces 作鬼脸
make friends with 与……交朋友
make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误,
make the bed整理床铺
make one’s way to往…走去,
make room for给…腾出地方
18. it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易
it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难，
It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要
19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列
20. a recipe for ……的烹调方法, ……的
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
1. talk about 谈论，talk over谈论
2. give a talk 作报告
3. have a talk to (with) sb.与某人谈话
4. go to the beach去海滩
5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋
6. go to the zoo去动物园
7. go to the aquarium去水族馆
8. hang out with one’s friends和朋友闲逛
9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
10. buy a souvenir买纪念品
11. have pizza吃比萨饼
12. a famous actor著名的演员
13. get one’s autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名
14. win a prize赢得奖品（奖项）
15. at the aquarium 在水族馆
16. have a great time玩得高兴，过得愉快
17. on the school trip在学校的旅游
18. Blue Water Aquarium蓝色水族馆
19. the Visitors’ Center游客中心
20.a dolphin show海豚表演
21. after that 后来
22. at the end of…在……结束的时候，在……的尽头
23. the Gift Shop礼品店
24. at the beginning of…在..开始的时候
25. a terrible school trip糟糕的学校旅行
26. that sounds interesting那听起来很有趣
27. make up a story编一个故事
28. go for a drive 开车兜风
30. in the rain在雨中
in the dark在黑暗中\
in the sun在阳光下
in the snow在雪中
31. take notes of=write down= down 写下，记下
32. have fun doing sth.很快乐的做某事
33. play computer games打电脑游戏
34. for sale 供销售
35. see you soon盼望很快见到你
36. in one’s opinion据某人看来,某人的观点上看
37. win the first prize获得了一等奖
38.a famous basketball player著名的篮球运动员
39. in the future在将来，今后
40. can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事
41. the story goes that…据说……
42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日，
in one’s off hours在某人的休息时间
the off season淡季
43. none of… ……当中没有一个
44. a heavy rain 一阵大雨
a light rain一阵小雨
a fine rain 一阵细雨
44. all day = all day long 整天
all night = all night long整夜
Unit 9 When was he born?
1. ping-pong player乒乓球运动员
2. a great Chinese ping-pong player中国杰出的乒乓球运动员
3. start hiccupping 开始打嗝
4. too… to…太……，而不……
5. write music谱写曲子
6. a movie star电影明星
7. learn to ride a bicycle学会骑自行车
8. start learning开始学英语
9. begin playing sports 开始进行体育运动
10. a loving grandfather慈爱的祖父
11. spend all one’s free time with sb.与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间
12. a famous violinist 著名的小提琴手
13. ice skating滑冰
14. a kind and loving grandmother和蔼而慈爱的祖母
15. a skating champion 滑冰冠军
16. the famous Chinese pianist中国著名的钢琴演奏家
17. a small boy(girl)孩提时期
18. at the age of…在……年龄时
19. take part in参加、加入
20. begin to learn the accordion开始学习手风琴
21. major in 主修，专修
22. start for a place=leave for a place动身去…
23. because of 因为、由于
D. 初中八年级英语所有语法
现在完成时
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法
（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just, already, yet 等副词修饰。常与非延续性动词连用。 如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常用延续性动词，常带有for和since（自从）等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
(3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京二次。
3．结构
1）陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=haven’t has not= hasn’t.
2) 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？
3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？
e.g. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. / No, not yet.
4.现在完成时的时间状语
1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just（刚刚）, before（以前）, up to now（直到现在）/ until now, in the past (few years/ three days 等), so far (迄今为止) recently 等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：today, this morning (month ,year, term等.例如：-Have you met him today? - No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？
2） 现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive → be here begin (start) → be on die →be dead come back → be back leave → be away fall ill (sick, asleep) → be ill (sick, asleep) go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on get up →be up join →be in / be a member of… open → be open close →be closed go to school→ be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study → study come to work→ work
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。或He has been in the army for there years. 不可以说He has joined the army for there years.
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。（不可以说has died）
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。（不可以说has begun）
We have studied English for three years. （不可以说have begun） 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
6.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to) 表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to) 表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第 三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）“It is或has been + 一段时间+ since引导的时间状语从句”表示“某人干某事已经多长时间了”。since从句的谓语要用非延续性动词 若动词延续，则译成相反的意思。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 It is two years since his father lived here. 他爸爸不住这儿已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 （4）.提问for短语或since状语用how long。
(5).完成时的否定形式与比较级连用表达最高级含义。如：
I have never seen a better film.我从未看过一部更好的电影。（这部最好）
注：否定式与比较级连用表示最高级含义不一定用于完成时态。如：
--- What about going fishing? --- I can’t agree more.(我再同意不过了哦)
.语法—直接引语变间接引语（多数情况下变为宾语 从句）
(1). 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导（口语中可以省略引导词）宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “I’ll visit my aunt tomorrow.” Lily said. ____________________________.
b. Our teacher often say to us,” It’s important to finish your homework.”
_______________________________________________________
c. They said they would meet at 9:00 p.m. that night.
“_______________________________________.”they said.
d. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.
Lana said’”_______________________________.”
(2). 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，变为由连词if 或whether引导的宾语从句。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “Will you have a surprise party for me?” he asked me.
_______________________________________________
b. She asked Tom,” Can you help me?” ___________________________ c. He asked me if I knew who killed the cat.
He asked ，”__________________________________?”
(3). 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，疑问词不变，宾语从句用陈述语序。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. The teacher asked,” Why are all the windows open?”
______________________________________________.
b. “When will you find out the time?” she asked me.
______________________________________________.
c. “What’s the matter with you, Alice?” he asked.
_____________________________________
d. They asked me where my friends were.
____________________________________________
(4).直接引语如果是肯定型祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语变为tell sb. to do 或ask sb. to do 等句式。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：
a. “Make sure the door is closed，” she said to her little son.
____________________________________________________.
b. “Tell me the news, please.” Li Hui said to me.
____________________________________________________.
c. He asked me to take care of his pet dog.
“_______________________________，” he said to me.
(5).直接引语如果是否定型祈使句，变为间接引语时，谓语变为tell sb.not to do 或ask sb. not to do等。把下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语：a. “Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.
________________________________________________.
b. “Don’t shout at the old man,” I said to him.________________________
c. Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
“____________________________, “ our teacher said to us.
d. My mother told me ___ others when they are in trouble.
A. not to laugh at B. don’t laugh at C. not laugh at D. never laugh at
2. if 条件句 在一般将来时的句子里（指主句），时间状语从句、条件状语从句等的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。当主句含有情态动词或主句为祈使句时，从句也用一般现在时。如：You must pay for it if you lose it.
附加疑问句
附加疑问句由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
Tom is a worker, isn’t Tom? (改错) _______ You can swim, can not you? ( 改错) ______
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1.陈述部分含否定意味的词如few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none,seldom等时，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式；但如果陈述句部分含有un-, in-, im-, dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍做肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。
He hardly speaks English, does he? They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2. this/that作主语时，无论是否指人，疑问部分用it；these/those用they。
This is your brother, isn’t it? Those are books,_______________?
3.陈述部分的主语如果是one, 疑问部分主语用one或he。One can’t be always young, can one/ he?
4.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they或he。
Everything is ready, ___________? Everyone is here, ____________?
5.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意：
Let’s…（包括听者在内）, 附加疑问句一般用shall we? Let us/him/me …（不包括听者在内）， 附加疑问句一般用will you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let him come in, will you?
6.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用be there?结构来完成。 There’s little water, _________？
7..陈述部分含that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句陈述部分是”I / We think (believe, suppose) +宾语从句”时，附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾语从句也是如此
1).She said I did it, _________? 2)We don’t think you are right，________?
3) I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
8.如果陈述部分是I am… , 附加疑问部分为aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?
9.陈述部分含had better, would like时， 疑问部分分别用hadn’t…?和wouldn’t…? You’d better go out , _______________? You’d like to go there, ____________________?
10.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致，疑问部分用否定形式。 What a kind girl, isn’t she? What a fine day, ___________?
11.the+形容词表示一类人，其附加疑问句主语用复数代词。 The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
12. 由neither…nor，either… or ， not only…but also ， both…and ， not…but，…or…， …and…等连接的并列主语，附加疑问部分用复数。
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Jack and Tom went there, didn’t they?
13.当陈述部分含有have to时，附加疑问部分的助动词应根据have 的变化，分别用don’t， doesn’t， didn’t。 He has to take your advice, doesn’t he?
14.当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，附加疑问部分的主语通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, _____________?
15.当陈述部分含有wish时，附加疑问部分的助动词用may。I wish to use your computer, may I?
16. 当陈述部分的谓语是“used to+动词原形（过去常常干某事）”时，疑问部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t +主语”。 He used to live in London, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?
E. 人教版八年级上英语全部知识点、语法
1.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
2.祈使句：
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
3. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
4.一般现在时：通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
5.现在进行时：形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
6.
重点的句型：
1.How many + 复数名词 + are there ...?
此句型是一个特殊疑问句，意思是\"在......有多少......？\"多用来对可数名词的数量提问。How many 后面要接可数名词的复数形式。如：
How many apples are there on the table? 桌子上有多少个苹果？
2.. What about ...?
此句型意思是\"......怎么样？\"、\"......呢？\"，通常用来询问情况或征求意见、看法等。其中的about是介词，后面可接名词、代词或动词等。如：
What about that computer? 那台电脑怎么样？
My gloves are red. What about theirs? 我的手套是红色的，他们的呢？
What about playing games after school? 放学后做游戏怎么样？
3. What time is it?/What\'s the time?
英语中，常用这两个句型来询问现在的时间，意思是\"什么时间了？\"或\"几点了？\"其答语一般用\"It\'s + 时间.\"其中的it指代时间，翻译时可不译，常在句尾加上please，以表示委婉的语气。如：
What time is it, please? 请问现在几点了？
-It's about a quarter past ten. 大约十点十五分。
4. What colour + be + 主语?
询问某物的颜色，一般用以What colour 开头的特殊疑问句，其答语通常用\"It\'s/They\'re + 表示颜色的形容词\"。如：
-What colour is her blouse? 她的衬衫是什么颜色的？
-It's light blue. 是浅蓝色的。
5.Whose + 名词 + be + 其它？/Whose + be + 名词？
英语中常用这两个句型来询问某事物属谁所有。如：
Whose cup is that? 那是谁的杯子？
Whose are these photos? 这些照片是谁的？
6. It's time for + sth. /It's time to do sth. / It's time for sb. to do sth.
这个结构意思都是\"该做某事了\"，\"到做某事的时候了\"。如：
It's time for school. 到上学的时候了。
It\'s time to have supper. 该吃晚饭了。
7. 选择疑问句：选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分，以供选择，答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式，不能用Yes或No回答
一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种.其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句.供选择的两部分用or连接,前者读升调,后者读降调.
e.g. Will you go there by bus or by train?
What would you like, coffee or tea?
How many pens do you have, one or two?
选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no.
e.g. Do you go to school by bus or by bike?
By bus.
Which would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.
一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句
e.g. Is it right or wrong?
Were you or he there?
Are they reading, chatting or watching TV?
特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句
e.g. Which do you like better, coffee or milk?
What color is it, red, blue or yellow?
Where are you going, to the classroom or to the library?
or not构成的选择疑问句
e.g. Do you want to buy it or not?
Are you ready or not
8.另外，“to be + going + 动词不定式”这个特殊的结构可表示在未来即将要进行的动作。
例：He is going to tell me tomorrow - 他将在明天告诉我。
练习题：
There are ____ water in the bottle.（B）瓶子里有一点水
There are ____ water in the bottle.（A）瓶子里没水了
There are ____ students in the classroom.（D）教室里有几个学生
There are ____ students in the classroom（C）教室里没有学生
There are ____ apples on the trees.（D）有几个苹果长在树上
选项统一为
A、little B、a little C、few D、a few
3. Of course,every one of us_1__to make friends like food---they are useful to us,and they can help us when we are _2__need._3__you can make as many friends of this kind as possible.
(1) A.want B.will want C.wants
(2) A.in B.on C.for D.of
(3) A.And B.But C.So D.Because
答案：CAC
4.Twenty minutes later,John_1__a tree.His leg was broken,and it hurt _2__.
Mr smith _3__to mend the chair.then he_4__himself with a hammer.
(1) A.fell over B.fell from C.fell down D.fell on
(2) A.all the day B.all day C.whole day D.all days
(3) A.starts B.started C.was starting
(4) A.damaged B.knocked C.hit D.cut
答案：BABC