1. 英语语法(句子结构
At the center is Ms. Rosales, 55, who was born in Mexico and shares a home with José Carlos Bergantinos, an art consultant and collector from Spain, with whom she once operated a gallery in Manhattan, exhibiting the work of artists like Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol.
请高手分析一下句子中with whom的用法和句子结构
答:这句话的主句是At the center is Ms. Rosales。是同位语。who-从句是非限制性定语从句(至句尾)。
在这个从句中,又出现了一个人名Jose Carlos Bergantinos, 后面又来了一个同位语an art consultant and collector form Spain. 后面又来了一个非限制性定语从句,来对这个人的情况加以补充。 而这个从句后面又有一个现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随情况:exhibiting ...
2. 英语语法及例句
语言要遵循一定的规则,这种规则即被我们称之为“语法”。许多学生在英语学习中一听“语法”头就大,产生恐惧、厌学的心理。教师要遵循“精讲多练,讲练结合,以练为主”的教学方法,同时还要注意提高学习效率,减轻学生的作业负担,实现语言为交流工具的目的。笔者在多年的教学实践中总结:语法教学要重视例句的选择。
一、代表性
例句的选择在结构上要有代表性,起到掌握这个句型就能够举一反三的作用。历年的高考试题、学生比较熟悉的经典习题等,我们不妨拿来一试。
如,讲动词不定式的主动式和被动式:
She went to the ball not only to see,but also to be seen.(她去参加舞会不仅为了见见世面。也为了出出风头。)
如with复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语:
With two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004,北京)
关于情态动词must have done 表对过去情况肯定的猜测:
I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. (2005,北京)
二、简洁性
有些教师认为,例句越难越好,难的会了容易的就更会了;还有教师因为学生上课不好好听课,主张选难懂的句子来镇镇他们。其实不然。正如人的认知规律“由易到难”,对于语法学习有困难的学生而言,复杂的例句只会让他们更头痛,对语法更畏惧,对英语学习更没兴趣。选择结构简洁的例句,语言上通俗易懂,读来朗朗上口,学生容易记,也记得牢。
如讲动词不定式的语法功能时:
1.
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(to do 不定式作定语,修饰序数词)
2.
To see is to believe.(to do 不定式坐主语和表语)
对比学习Seeing is believing.(动名词作主语和表语)
3.
It is easier to say something than to do something. (to do 不定式作句子的真正主语,It为形式主语)
对比学习It is easier said than done.
三、趣味性
兴趣是产生学习激情的巨大动力。选择内容生动有趣的例句,如谚语、成语、俚语等,这样学生有了兴趣,就愿意多念,念熟了就能由次及彼。
如: 倒装结构“so+助动词+主语+谓语+------”:
As a man lives,so shall he dies.(有生就有死)
As a man sows, so shall he reap.(种瓜得瓜。种豆得豆)
下边还有一个比较级的句子:
The old man was not any more fond of being read to than the old woman.
此句的翻译为“那个老头和老太太一样,都喜欢别人读书给他们听”。有学生将它译为“那个老头不喜欢别人给他念书,就喜欢哪个老太太”,这就要闹笑话了。
四、积极性
选择一些内容积极向上的语法例句,如名言警句等。这不仅能让学生掌握相应的语法知识,同时也起到教育的情感目的,起到教育人的作用。
One half of knowing what you want is knowing what you must give up before you get it.
知道想要什么,一半在于知道得到它之前必须放弃什么。 (表语从句)
Victory will not come to me unless I go to it. 胜利是不会向我走来的,我必须自己走向胜利。 (条件状语从句)
All that litters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。 (定语从句)
五、综合性
在实际的语法教学中,很少有独立的语法项目,很多时候许多的语法知识汇集在一个句中。选择综合性较强的例句来讲解,让学生背诵,能起到事半功倍的效果。如:
It was playing computer games that cost the boy much time he ought to have spent in doing his lessons.
这个例句综合了:
强调句型:It was---that---
定语从句:---time (that) he ought to have---lessons
情态动词:ought to have spent---
动名词作主语:---playing computer games cost the boy much more time---
总之,适当的例句选择不仅能够让学生理解语法,掌握重点,还能在茫茫题海中减轻学生大量背诵和大量习题的课业负担,有效提高教学质量。教师要注意多研究,多积累,找出更多的语法教学方法。
3. 求英语各语法的例句
第一单元 词形变化
第二单元 动词的四种时态
第一节 一般现在时
一.主语为“三单”
1 吉姆经常猜测我的秘密。
Jim often guesses my secrets.(guess-guesses)
2 吉姆经常在公共汽车上吸烟。
Jim often smokes in the bus. (smoke-smokes)
3 这位老师经常在放学后打篮球。
The teacher often plays basketball after school. (play-plays)
二.主语非“三单”
4 吉姆和他的妻子经常猜测我的秘密。
Jim and his wife often guess my secrets.
5 吉姆和大明经常在公共汽车上吸烟。
Jim and Daming often smoke in the bus.
6 这些老师经常在放学后打篮球。
The teachers often play basketball after school.
第二节 现在进行时
7 吉姆正在给他的叔叔写信。
Jim is writing to his uncle. (write-writing)
8 吉姆和他的妻子正在寻找那个婴儿。
Jim and his wife are looking for the baby. (look-looking)
9 他们正在制造这种药。
They are making the medicine. (make-making)
第三节 一般将来时BE GOING TO结构
10 吉姆打算明天给他的叔叔写信。
Jim is going to write to his uncle tomorrow.
11 吉姆和他的妻子打算明天寻找那个婴儿。
Jim and his wife are going to look for the baby tomorrow.
12 他们打算制造这种药。
They are going to make the medicine.
第四节 一般过去时
13 这些老师昨天打篮球了。
The teachers played basketball yesterday. (play-played)
14 吉姆的叔叔十个星期前参观了我们的学校。
Jim’s uncle visited our school ten weeks ago. (visit-visited)
15 吉姆和他的妻子昨天找到了那个婴儿。
Jim and his wife found the baby yesterday. (find-found)
16 他们上个星期制造了那种药。
They made the medicine last week. (make-made)
17 吉姆上个星期给他的叔叔写信了。
Jim wrote to his uncle last week. (write-wrote)
第三单元 后置状语集中练习
第一节 副词后置做状语
1 吉姆正在认真地给他的叔叔写信。
Jim is writing to his uncle carefully.
2 吉姆的叔叔正在到处寻找那个婴儿。
Jim’s uncle is looking for the baby everywhere.
3 吉姆是足够地聪明,(完全可以)理解这十个故事。
Jim is clever enough to understand the ten stories.
第二节 介词短语后置做状语
4 汤姆昨天乘公共汽车去上学了。
Tom went to school by bus yesterday.
5 汤姆正在教室里给他的叔叔写信。
Tom is writing to his uncle in the classroom.
6 我打算明天和我的叔叔打篮球。
I am going to play basketball with my uncle tomorrow.
第四单元 后置定语集中练习
第一节 介词短语后置做定语
1 教室里的那个男子是我的老师。
The man in the classroom is my teacher.
2 吉姆是一个十周的婴儿。
Jim is a baby of ten weeks.
3 我昨天丢失了我的小汽车上的钥匙。
I lost the key to my car yesterday.
第二节 动词不定式后置做定语
4 最好的打篮球的地方是我们学校。
The best place to play basketball is our school.
5 他们正在制造帮助戒烟的药品。
They are making the medicine to help give up smoking.
6 他的参观我们学校的计划是非常奇怪的。
His plan to visit our school is very strange.
第三节 形容词(短语)后置做定语
7 吉姆正在写一些容易理解的东西。
Jim is writing something easy to understand.
8 大明是一个擅长打篮球的男子。
Daming is a man good at playing basketball.
9 这是一个容易猜测的秘密。It is a secret easy to guess.
第四节 定语从句
10 正在帮助梅梅的那个男子是我们的老师。
The man who is helping Meimei is our teacher.
11 吉姆上个星期参观了他叔叔参观过的那个地方。
Jim visited the place his uncle had visited last week.
12 我的叔叔正在寻找他的妻子昨天丢失的那把钥匙。
My uncle is looking for the key his wife lost yesterday.
第五单元 代词IT的常见用法
第一节 IT指代前面出现过的名词
1吉姆丢失了他的钥匙。他正在寻找它。
Jim lost his key. He is looking for it.
2那是一个容易理解的故事。
It is a story easy to understand.
第二节 IT表示:时间,距离,天气等。
3 --- 几点了? --- 三点十分。
--- What time is it? --- It’s three ten.
4 --- 多远? --- 非常远。
---How far is it? ---It’s very far.
5 昨天下雨了。It rained yesterday.
第三节 IT在句中充当形式主语
6 戒烟是正确的。It’s right to give up smoking.
7 你戒了烟,这使我非常高兴。
It made me very happy that you gave up smoking.
8 吸烟太多是没有好处的。
It’s no good smoking too much.
第四节 在句中充当形式宾语
9 吉姆感到帮助这位老师是快乐的。
Jim feels it happy to help the teacher.
10 吉姆发现他的叔叔丢了婴儿这件事很奇怪。
Jim found it strange that his uncle lost the baby.
11 这种药将会使戒烟很容易。
The medicine will make it very easy to give up smoking.
第六单元 一般疑问句集中练习
第一节 一般疑问句结构快速理解
1 基本结构:助动词+句子主语+其它成分
2 小心:助动词形式要与时态保持高度一致
一 谓语动词为一般现在时
(一)主语为“三单”
1 --- 吉姆经常猜测我的秘密吗? --- 是的,他经常猜测。
--- Does Jim often guess my secrets? --- Yes, he does.
2 ---吉姆在公交车上吸烟吗? ---不,他不吸。
--- Does Jim smoke in the bus? --- No, he doesn’t.
3 ---这位老师放学后打篮球吗?---是的,她打。
--- Does the teacher play basketball after school?
--- Yes, she does.
(二)主语非“三单”
4 ---吉姆和他的妻子猜测我的秘密吗? ---不,他们不猜测。
--- Do Jim and his wife guess my secrets?
--- No, they don’t.
5 ---吉姆和大明在公交车上吸烟吗? ---是的,他们吸。
--- Do Jim and Daming smoke in the bus?
--- Yes, they do.
6 ---这些老师放学后打篮球吗? ---不,他们不打。
--- Do the teachers play basketball after school?
--- No, they don’t.
二 谓语动词为现在进行时
7 ---吉姆正在认真地给他的叔叔写信吗?
---是的,他正在认真地写。
--- Is Jim writing to his uncle carefully? --- Yes, he is.
8 ---吉姆和他的妻子正在到处寻找那个婴儿吗?
---不,他们不在找。
--- Are Jim and his wife looking for the baby everywhere?
--- No, they aren’t.
9 ---他们正在制造那种药吗? ---是的,他们正在制造。
--- Are they making the medicine? --- Yes, they are.
三 谓语动词为一般将来时
10 ---梅梅打算明天给他的叔叔写信吗? ---不,她没有。
--- Is Meimei going to write to his uncle tomorrow?
--- No, she isn’t.
11 ---吉姆和他的妻子打算明天寻找婴儿吗? ---是的。
--- Are Jim and his wife going to look for the baby tomorrow? --- Yes, they are.
12 ---他们打算制造这种药吗? ---不,他们没有。
--- Are they going to make the medicine? --- No, they aren’t.
四 谓语动词为一般过去时
13 ---那些老师昨天打篮球了吗? ---是的,他们打了。
--- Did the teachers play basketball yesterday?
--- Yes, they did.
14 ---吉姆的叔叔上个星期给吉姆写信了吗?
---不,他没写。
--- Did Jim’s uncle write to Jim last week? --- No, he didn’t.
15 ---吉姆的叔叔们十个星期前参观了我们学校吗?
---是的,他们参观了。
--- Did Jim’s uncles visit our school ten weeks ago?
--- Yes, they did.
16 ---吉姆和他的妻子昨天寻找那位婴儿了吗?
---不,他们没找。
--- Did Jim and his wife look for the baby yesterday?
--- No, they didn’t.
17 ---他们上个星期制造了那种药吗? ---不,他们没有。
--- Did they make the medicine last week? --- No, they didn’t.
第二节 一般疑问句综合训练
第一组
18 ---那是个容易猜测的秘密吗? ---是的,它是。
--- Is it a secret easy to guess? --- Yes, it is.
19 ---吉姆正在和他的叔叔寻找那个东西吗?
---不,他不在找。
--- Is Jim looking for it with his uncle? --- No, he isn’t.
20 ---戒烟容易吗? ---是的,容易。
--- Is it easy to give up smoking? --- Yes, it is.
21 ---我戒了烟使你高兴吗? ---不,不是的。
--- Did it make you happy that I gave up smoking?
--- No, it didn’t.
22 ---吉姆感到帮助老师是快乐的吗? ---不,不是的。
--- Does Jim feel it happy to help the teacher?
--- No, he doesn’t.
23 ---吉姆发现他的叔叔丢了他的婴儿这事奇怪吗?
---是的。
--- Did Jim find it strange that his uncle lost his baby?
--- Yes, he did.
24 ---这种药将会使戒烟(变得)容易吗?---是的,它会的。
--- Will the medicine make it easy to give up smoking?
--- Yes, it will.
第二组
25 ---吉姆足够聪明(可以)理解这十个故事吗?
---不,不是的。
--- Is Jim clever enough to understand the ten stories?
--- No, he isn’t.
26 ---吉姆昨天乘公交车去上学了吗? ---是的。
--- Did Jim go to school by bus yesterday?
--- Yes, he did.
27 ---汤姆正在教室里给他的叔叔写信吗?
---不,他不在写。
--- Is Tom writing to his uncle in the classroom?
--- No, he isn’t.
28 ---你打算明天和我叔叔一起打篮球吗? ---是的。
--- Are you going to play basketball with my uncle tomorrow? --- Yes, I am.
29 ---教室里的那个男子是我的老师吗? ---不,他不是。
--- Is the man in the classroom my teacher? --- No, he isn’t.
30 ---吉姆的妹妹是十周大的婴儿吗? ---是的,她是。
--- Is Jim’s sister a baby of ten weeks? --- Yes, she is.
31 ---你昨天丢了你小汽车上的钥匙吗? ---不,我没丢。
--- Did you lose the key to your car yesterday?
--- No, I didn’t.
第三组
32 ---我们学校是打篮球最好的地方吗? ---是的。
--- Is our school the best place to play basketball? --- Yes, it is.
33 ---他们正在制造帮助戒烟的药吗? ---不,不是的。
--- Are they making the medicine to help give up smoking?
--- No, they aren’t.
34 ---他参观我们学校的计划非常奇怪吗? ---是的。
--- Is his plan to visit our school very strange? --- Yes, it is.
35 ---吉姆的姐姐正在写一些容易理解的东西吗?
---不,不是的。
--- Is Jim’s sister writing something easy to understand?
--- No, she isn’t.
36 ---大明是一个擅长打篮球的男子吗? ---是的,他是。
--- Is Daming a man good at playing basketball? --- Yes, he is.
37 ---那是一个容易猜测的秘密吗? ---不,它不是。
--- Is it a secret easy to guess? --- No, it isn’t.
第四组
38 ---正在帮助梅梅的那个男子是我们的老师吗?
---是的,他是。
--- Is the man who is helping Meimei our teacher?
--- Yes, he is.
39 ---吉姆上个星期参观了他叔叔参观过的那个地方吗?
---不,他没有。
--- Did Jim visit the place his uncle had visited last week? --- No, he didn’t.
40 ---你的妈妈正在寻找你昨天丢失的钥匙吗?
---是的,她正在找。
--- Is your mom looking for the key you lost yesterday?
--- Yes, she is.
第七单元 特殊疑问句集中练习
第一节 特殊疑问句结构快速理解
1 基本结构:疑问词+助动词+句子主语+其它成分
2 小心:助动词形式要与时态保持高度一致
一 谓语动词为一般现在时
(一)主语为“三单”
1 ---吉姆怎么去上学? ---乘公交车。
--- How does Jim go to school? --- By bus.
2 ---吉姆平常在哪儿吸烟? ---在公交车上。
--- Where does Jim usually smoke? --- In the bus.
3 ---这位老师平常在什么时候打篮球? ---放学后。
--- When does the teacher usually play basketball?
--- After school.
(二)主语非“三单”
4 吉姆和大明平常在哪儿吸烟?
Where do Jim and Daming usually smoke?
5 这些老师平常在什么时候打篮球?
When do the teachers usually play basketball?
二 谓语动词为现在进行时
6 吉姆正在给谁写信?Whom is Jim writing to?
7 吉姆和他的妻子正在寻找谁?
Whom are Jim and his wife looking for?
8 他们正在制作什么?What are they making?
三 谓语动词为一般将来时
9 吉姆打算在明天给谁写信?
Whom is Jim going to write to tomorrow?
10 吉姆和他的妻子打算在什么时候寻找那个婴儿?
When are Jim and his wife going to look for the baby?
11 他们打算明天制造什么?
What are they going to make tomorrow?
四 谓语动词为一般过去时
12 这些老师昨天玩什么了?
What did the teachers play yesterday?
13 吉姆的叔叔十个星期前参观了什么地方?
What place did Jim’s uncle visit ten weeks ago?
14 吉姆和他的妻子昨天寻找谁了?
Whom did Jim and his wife look for yesterday?
15 他们上个星期制作了什么?
What did they make last week?
16 吉姆什么时候给他的叔叔写信了?
When did Jim write to his uncle?
第二节 特殊疑问句综合训练
第一组
17 吉姆几岁了?How old is Jim?
18 吉姆正在到处寻找谁?
Whom is Jim looking for everywhere?
19 汤姆什么时候乘公交车去上学了?
When did Tom go to school by bus?
20 汤姆正在教室里给谁写信?
Whom is Tom writing to in the classroom?
21 你打算明天和我玩什么?
What are you going to play with me tomorrow?
22 教室里的那个男子是谁?
Who is the man in the classroom?
第二组
23 你什么时候丢失了你的小汽车上的钥匙?
When did you lose the key to your car?
24 打篮球的最好的地方在哪里?
Where is the best place to play basketball?
25 他参观我们学校的计划怎么样?
How is his plan to visit our school?
26 吉姆什么时候在教室里秘密地写东西了?
When did Jim write something secretly in the classroom?
第三组
27 正在帮助梅梅的那个男子是谁?
Who is the man helping Meimei?
28 吉姆什么时候参观了他叔叔参观过的那个地方?
When did Jim visit the place his uncle had visited?
29 你叔叔正在哪里寻找他妻子昨天丢失的钥匙?
Where is your uncle looking for the key his wife lost yesterday?
第八单元 宾语从句集中练习
第一节 引导词为THAT
1 大明发现吉姆昨天在教室里秘密地写了一些东西。
Daming found (that) Jim wrote something secretly in the classroom yesterday.
2 我感到吸太多的烟是没有好处的。
I feel (that) it is no good smoking too much.
第二节 引导词为IF
3 汤姆的叔叔问我汤姆是否经常乘公交车去上学。
Tom’s uncle asks me if Tom often goes to school by bus .
4 我叔叔问我是否打算明天和你打篮球。
My uncle asks me if I am going to play basketball with you tomorrow.
5 吉姆问我教室里的那个男子是否是我的老师。
Jim asks me if the man in the classroom is my teacher.
6 吉姆的叔叔问吉姆他是否昨天丢失了他的小汽车上的钥匙。
Jim’s uncle asks Jim if he lost the key to his car yesterday.
第三节 引导词为疑问代词或疑问副词
7 大明问我吉姆正在到处寻找什么。
Daming asks me what Jim is looking for everywhere.
8 大明问我汤姆打算在什么时候乘公交车去上学。
Daming asks me when Tom is going to school by bus.
9 大明的叔叔问大明他昨天在哪里寻找他妻子丢失的钥匙。
Daming’s uncle asks Daming where he looked for the key his wife lost yesterday
还有许多,要的话就HI我吧,这里不发了~~
4. 英语语法,要有例句
1、形容词在句子中可以充当定语或表语。修饰名词的成分称为定语,系动词后的部分回称为表语答。例:
This is a beautiful flower.(beautiful作定语)
The soup smells good.(good作表语)
2、常见系动词有be,look,smell,apear,sound, taste,feel,keep,stay,lie等。
系动词+形容词
例:This kind of cloth feels very soft.
3、the + 某些形容词表示某一类实物。
如the old表示老人,the handicapped残疾人
4、形容词顺序口诀:
限定描述大长高
形状年龄和新老
颜色国籍出材料
作用类别往后靠
例:This is a black new pen.
a nice long new black British plastic pen
5. 求英语各种语法形式的例句
状语从句1.地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如:
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 2.方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1)as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体。例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2)as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒 3.原因状语从句
比较because, since, as和for:
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。例如:
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因为他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。4.目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声,别人就能听见了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服,以防天发冷。5.结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that 或 such…that引导。so…that与such…that之间可以转换。例如:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 6. 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not. 例如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我们去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. ifD. or
答案A。句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 7. 让步状语从句
1)though, although引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。(谚语)
2) as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩,该做什么不做什么,他全知道。
3) ever if, even though即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要去远足。
4) whether…or…不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,这确实是真的。
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么,他不在意。
替换:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。8. 比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如:
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车,有一个人向我走来。
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 赶完活后,你可以休息一下。
3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。例如:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。9.比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。(在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。
区别:1)until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。例如:
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。例如:
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒装。例如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
2)It is not until… that… 。例如:
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
10.表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家,就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。例如:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作宾语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可 能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
名词性从句
(一)主语从句类
I What he need is more time 2 Where she has gone is a mystery. (二)表语从句类The fact iS that she never liked him. The question is who can complete teh dificult task。(三)宾语从句类1.Do you know what they are doing? 2.It is a matter of who will hold the position.(四)同位语从句类 He has no idea what was the matter with him.
The news that his class got the first prize in the relay—is true.
6. 英语句子的语法结构
Try谓 (to understand what's actually happening宾语:内有一个宾语从句what's actually happening) (instead of acting on the assumetion you've made状语:内有acting on the assumention是介词of的宾语;you've made是定语从句).
主语(you:祈使版句省略了主语)
没有宾权补。
译文:
努力去理解实际正在发生什么,而不是依据你所做的假设去行动。
7. 英语所有语法的例句
所有语法??????
有字典那么厚~~~~~~
8. 英语全部语法与相应例句
http://ke..com/view/328219.htm
去这看吧
9. 英语共计多少种语法全部的,多少种词。
一共16个时态,分别是:
1、一般现在时 。
2、一般过去时 。
3、一般将来时。
4、一般过去将来时。
5、现在进行时 。
6、过去进行时 。
7、将来进行时 。
8、过去将来进行时。
9、现在完成时 。
10、过去完成时 。
11、将来完成时 。
12、过去将来完成时。
13、现在完成进行时 。
14、过去完成进行时 。
15、将来完成进行时 。
16、过去将来完成进行时。
(9)英语所有语法结构例句扩展阅读:
英语测试
英国:国际英语测试系统(IELTS,International English Language Testing System,雅思),剑桥英文认证(Cambridge Main Suit),剑桥商务英语(Cambridge Business EnglishCertificate)。
美国:托福(TOEFL),机考托福(CBT;逐渐废除),网考托福(iBT),托业(TOEIC,商用英文考试),英语口语水平测试(TSE)。
中国大陆:,大学英语考试(CET),大学英语四级考试(CET-4),大学英语六级考试(CET-6),高等学校英语专业考试(TEM),英语专业四级考试(TEM-4),英语专业八级考试(TEM-8),英语等级考试(PETS)。
中国台湾:全民英语能力分级检定测验(GEPT)。
10. 求英语的全部语法
英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.将来完成时:
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六种时态
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
我是从事英语的,不明再问。