❶ 人教版高一英语必修一各个单元的语法知识点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
❷ 高一英语必修一重点语法
英语语法，本质上不分什么小学语法，中学语法，大学语法，这样分都是瞎搞，误人回子弟。
我们讲中文会分小学答语法，中学语法，大学语法吗？现在有的小学生的语言能力都像大人一样。小学生一样看红楼梦，看水浒。那国外的小学生不是也同样如此吗？
传统的语法教学把语法教的及其混乱和繁琐，毫无章法和体系，且错误百出，整个初高中阶段语法数十节课就可以学透的却折磨了学生数十年。
推荐华东理工大学的《英语思维：解密英语语法的原理》，该书是国内第一本系统讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书，是第一本从语言原理层面完整系统的呈现英语语法全貌和完整框架体系的书。该书纠正了传统英语教育的诸多谬误，理清了英语学习的脉络，呈现给读者一个完整系统的英语语法框架体系。
也可以看同名视频课程，短平快，十节课真正理解英语语法，适合那些英语语法混乱毫无章法同学，也适合那些英语还不错，但是没学透无体系遭遇瓶颈无法突破的同学，看完后，对英语的理解有脱胎换骨之感。
学透语法之后的英语继续学习，就可以通过精看美剧进行词汇的学习，听、说、读、写的锻炼。
利用高效系统建立起来的语法知识体系后，可以欣赏美剧、阅读新闻，交友娱乐，快乐的享受英语给你带来的乐趣。
❸ 高一英语语法汇总
高一英语必修一语法要点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
❹ 苏教版高一英语必修一语法知识点总结
一. 直接引语和间接引语 （一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根据意义进行相应的变化，例如： She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如： She said,“Is your father at home?” →She asked me if/whether my father was at home. “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me. →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday. 直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如： She said to us,“Please sit down.” →She asked us to sit down. He said to him,“Go away!” →He ordered him to go away. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 二. 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态概述 被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river. 被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下： 1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 例如：Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 例如：These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如：Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 注意： 1．除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered. 2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如： More attention should be paid to the old in this country. This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes. 3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting. All these books are to be taken to the library. 4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如： The map was changed by someone.（被动结构） That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表结构） 系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。 例如： He was very excited.（系表结构） He was much excited by her words.（被动结构） 5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如： These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
Unit 11. 词组： add up add up to add… to… add to calm… down have got to be concerned about / with walk the dog cheat … of go through go ahead go by set down set up set off set out a series of on purpose by accident/ chance in order to so as to in order that so as that at sk at dawn at midnight at noon face to face no longer not … any longer settle down suffer from recover from get/ be tired of make a list of list pack… up get along/ on with fall in love be grateful to sb. for sth. join in take part in join attend make sb/ sth + 宾语补足语 have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with it’s because….. +原因 it’s why…. + 结果 dare + (to) do (实义动词) do (情态动词) a year and a half it’s no pleasure+ doing sth happen to do sth have trouble with sb (in) doing sth exactly find it + adj. + to do sth make friends with swap … with it is / was + 序数词 + that + has done / had done ….unit 2词组： because of come up come up with come in come on come out actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality be based on at present make use of make full/ good use of such as play a part/ role in recognize … as more than one + 谓语用单数 at the end of in the end at an end voyage tour travel journey than ever before even if / though communicate with those + 定语从句 用who 1600’s 1980s in + 物主代词 + 数字的复数 in his forties the former the latter a number of the number of make sense usage VS use believe it or not there is no such + 名词 （不加冠词） the way + in which / that /省略 especially specially straight adj/ advunit 3词组： prefer to do , rather than do would rather do , than do would do , rather than do fare VS fee ever since it’s is / has been + 时间段 + since 从句 graate from/ in be fond of cut across cut up cut down care about care for determine to do sth = be determined to do sth change one’s mind make up one’s mind at an altitude of give in give up give off give out give away keep pace with as usual bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth bend over take the advantage of persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth not to do sth/ out of doing sth advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth although though grow up insist on put up put down put off put on put away can hardly wait to do sth unit 4词组：right away at once immediately burst into laughter/ tears burst out doing sth as if / though in ruins injure wound hurt destroy damage be trapped in dig out bury oneself in doing sth rise raise arise too… to be away it seems as if + 陈述语气/ 虚拟语气 act out be pleased / willing/ glad to do sthhonor in honor of be proud of express my thanks to unit 5词组： of high/ good quality devote to + doing found VS set up in principle in peace out of work in work out of control in control vote for vote against be equal to in trouble turn to turn on / off turn up / down lose heart lose one’s heart escape from / + doing sth come to power / in power be sentenced to in one’s opinion fight for / against blow up dream of/ about imagine doing sth the first time for the first time 语法点1. whether VS if 的用法2. tell sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth 3. be + doing 表将来4. 定语从句： 只用that 的情况 只用who 的情况 只用which的情况 as VS which the same … as / that… such… as as … as 介词+ which/ whom which 引导一个句子的用法 非限制性定语从句which 引导一个句子的用法 非限制性定语从句 插入语 I think I believe I guess I thought 间隔式定语从句 Is this car the one he bought last year? Is this the car he bought last year? What 的用法5. will be done be about to be done be to be done be going to be done 6. has/ have been done 7. be being done 加always 表示一种厌烦等语气8. 强调句 it is + 被强调部分 + that 从句 It is not until + 时间 + that 从句 特殊疑问词 + is it that 从句 9. 倒装句 部分否定，含有否定词的 hardly never little only seldom 等， 把情态动词，be 动词， 助动词提到主语 的前面10. as if , insist suggest request command ,从句用虚拟语气， 用（should） do 。
❺ 高一英语必修一第一单元语法
直接引语与间接引语面面观（一）
在英语语言交际中，引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语。直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，在书面语中经常将其放在引号中。间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，无需加引号，在多数情况下间接引语可以构成宾语从句。接下来我们认识一下直接引语与间接引语：
1. MrsSmith said, “I am going to New Yorktomorrow.”（引号中的内容为直接引语）
2. MrsSmith said that she was going to New York the next day. （划线部分为间接引语）
细心的同学可能已经发现句1中的直接引语在变成句2中的间接引语时某些成分已经发生了变化，如: I变成了she, am变成了was, tomorrow则变成了the next day。在日常交际中，当我们需要在这两种引语之间转换时，究竟有什么规律可循呢？
首先，如果直接引语为陈述句、疑问句，变为间接引语时，就成为一个宾语从句，所以自然要符合宾语从句的语法要求。从句的一些共性特点是：一、陈述语序；二、恰当的连接词；三、时态要求。除此之外，直接引语变为间接引语仍有一些具体的语法要求，以下结合实例逐一解析。
一、人称的变化
将直接引语变为间接引语时，一定要注意人称的变化，否则会使整个句子意思混乱。观察下列几组句子中人称的变化，注意其变化规律。
1. She said, “My friends want to visit me.”→ She said her friends wanted to visither.
2. He said to Kate, “How is your work now?”→ He asked Kate how her work was then.
3. Tom said, “You’d better carry an umbrella just incase, Mary.”→ Tom said that Mary had better carryan umbrella just in case.
4. Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”→ Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
【自我归纳】人称变化须牢记：从一随主，从二随宾，从三人称不更新。
“从一随主”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称时，从句中的人称变化要随主句中 ______的人称变化，如第1组例句。
“从二随宾”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第二人称时，从句中的人称变化要与主句中的______一致，如第2组例句；如果主句没有宾语，则需观察主句主语的交际对象，如第3组例句，此句中Tom的说话对象为______, 故间接引语中的主语变化为Mary。
“从三人称不更新”是指如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称时，从句中的人称一般______，如第4组例句。
二、时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的变化。具体变化如下：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
【即学即练】根据以上原则完成下列句子。
1. She said, “I have lost my bike.”→ She said she ______ her bike.
2. She said, “We hope so.”→ She said they ______ so.
3. He said, “She will go to see her friend.”→ He said she ______ to see herfriend.
注意：在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变化。
1. 直接引语是客观事实、科学真理及名言警句时。如：The teacher said to us, “Light travels much fasterthan sound.”→ The teacher told us that lighttravels much faster than sound.
2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Mother said, “John, what were you doingat 8 o’clock last night?”→ Mother asked John what he was doingat 8 o’clock the night before.
3. 如果直接引语中的情态动词无过去式（如：ought to, had better, usedto）或已经是过去式（如：could, should, would,might）时，则不再变化。如： He said, “You should come hereearlier tomorrow.”→ He said I should go thereearlier the next day.
4. 如一般过去时有表示具体时间的状语，也可以不变。如：She said, “I was born in 1995.”→ She said (that) she was born in1995.
三、状语及其他成分的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语和地点状语也要做相应的变化。如: now → then；today → that day; tonight → that night；yesterday → the day before；tomorrow → the next day；last month → the month before等；地点状语here → there；指示代词this → that, these → those；动词come → go, bring → take等。
注意：以上这些变化要视情况而定，不能死搬教条，如果转述就在当天当地则不需要进行时间及地点的转换。
四、句型的变化
观察下列几组句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换中句型的变化规律，并试着总结归纳。
1. She said, “Our train will leave in severalminutes.”→ She said that their train wouldleave in several minutes.
2. He said, “Can you dance, Ted?”→ He asked Ted whether / if he coulddance.
3. “You have tidied your room, haven’t you?” my mother asked. → My mother asked mewhether I had tidied my room.
4. She asked me, “When will you start?”→ She asked me when I would start.
【自我归纳】
1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由______（可省略）引导的宾语从句。
2. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由______引导的宾语从句。
3. 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应改为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
【即学即练】阅读下列几组直接引语变为间接引语的句子，判断其正（T）误（F）并改正其中的错误。
1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said themother.
→ The mother asked Jenny what she haddone the day before.
2. The little kid said, “How can I get that toy?”
→ The little kid asked how could heget that toy.
3. He said, “The Olympic Games are held every fouryears.”
→ He said that the Olympic Games wereheld every four years.
Key:
一、【自我归纳】主语；宾语；Mary；不需要变化
二、【即学即练】 1. had lost 2.hoped 3. would go
四、【自我归纳】 1. that 2.whether / if
【即学即练】
1. T。
2. F。how could he改为how he could
3. F。were改为are
❻ 高一英语语法
原句
I think it is natural for you not to get used to live there.
首先源改正 句型 get used to + Ving
I think it is natural for you not to get used to living there.
有三种写法
1. 加 that
I think that not to get used to living there is natural for you.
2. 删去that
I think it is natural for you not to get used to living there.
3. 删去is
I think it (as) natural for you not to get used to living there.
❼ 高一英语所有的语法...
look up 抬头向上看
look up to sb尊敬某人 look down on 轻视
a well-dressed lady 一位穿着讲究的女士
glance at 瞥一眼
greet sb with a smile 用微笑打招呼
a senior employee资深的员工
be senior to 比…年长的，资深的
prefer sth to sth 喜欢….不喜欢…..
prefer doing a to doing b喜欢做a不喜欢做b
prefer to do a rather than do b宁愿做a而不愿做b
the way +that 做….的方式，方法
+in which
+ /
more than 超过，不只是，经常
more than speaking and listening 不只是
gesture 手势
expression 表情
expression on your face 你的脸部表情
appearance 外貌，外表
appear 出现，似乎 disappear消失
It appears that….. 似乎，好像
communicate with sb 交流
communicate sth to sb 把（信息，消息）传递给某人
keep up/lose communication with sb 与某人保持/失去联系
leave/make/ give sb a good impression leave/make /give a good impression on sb 给某人留下很好的印象
make sb feel+ adj. 是某人觉得….
decide to do sth 决定做某事
decide on sth= choose 选择
for assistance 为了得到帮助
improve 提高
smile at sb 像某人微笑
enter the classroom 走进教室
enter for 报名参加
it seems to work 这好像起作用了
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事，不愿意做某事
remark 评论 downwards 向下的
sigh for sth 为…..叹气
remind sb to do sth /remind sb of sth /remind sb +从句 提醒某人（做）某事
throughout the history of mankind 在人类历史上
in many situation 在许多情况下
the key to sth ….的关键
signal （n）信号 ，（v）示意,表示
hostility 敌意
confusion 困惑
in western culture 在西方文化里
maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流
contact v. & n. 交往，联系
keep contact with sb 与某人取得联系
lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系
avoid doing 避免做某事
in authority 掌权
as a matter of fact =in fact 事实上
for instance =for example 比如
concentration 专心
concentrate（v.） on sth 集中时间做某事
subtle 微妙的，细微的
consider sth as sth 把…看作…
be considered (as) sth 认为，看作
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
stare at 盯着
be rude to sb = be impolite to sb 不礼貌
boredom 无聊
lack(n.) of sth缺少
lack(v.) sth
respect v.& n. 尊敬
lead to =result in=give rise to导致
lead to this road 通向这条路
unit 2
call on sb =drop in on sb 拜访某人
call at some place =drop in at some place拜访某地
care for your hair 照料你的头发
hairstyle 发型
suit sb 适合某人
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
guarantee sth to sb 向某人保证
be /feel on top of the world 觉得兴高采烈
get advice from expert 从专家那得到建议
curl 卷发
angle 棱角
keep healthy 保持健康
eat a balanced diet 吃均衡的饮食
plenty of 许多，大量
in addition 另外
look after = take care of 照顾
shampoo 洗发剂
it is adj. for sb to do sth
it is adj. of sb to do sth
effective 有效的
conditioner 护发素
apply 使用
apply to 使用，申请，涂
apply to the company for the position 向公司申请某个职位
squeeze out 挤出
damage(v) sth 损害某物
do damage(n) to sth
loosen 使松
dirt 灰尘
comb n.& v. 梳子 梳头发
hairdryer 吹风机
wash out 洗掉
at least 至少
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事（没做）
remember doing sth 记得做过某事（做了）
overuse 过度使用
suggest doing sth 建议做某事
make / put forward a suggestion 提出建议
normal 正常的
wet (v)把….弄湿 Some people…..while others……一些人….然而另一些人…..
bald 秃顶
as a result of 由于
a result of …..的结果
ensure 确保，保证
pay attention to sth/to doing sth 注意
protein 蛋白质
adequate 足够的
eight to ten glasses of water 喝8-10 杯水
keep sth from doing sthe 避免
rob sb of sth 抢了某人的东西
steal sth from sb 偷了某人的东西
shiny 闪亮的
remedy for …..的疗法
rinse your hair 冲洗掉你的头发
help sb/sth do 帮助做某事
regularly 经常的
be sure to 务必，确保
the key to sth …..的关键
dairy proct 乳制品
stress 精神压力
rub your hair 搓你的头发
Unit 3
places of interests = tourist attraction旅游景点
the Great Wall 长城
be interested in 对….有兴趣
show interest in
interests 利益
twist and turn 蜿蜒曲折（v.）
twist the truth 扭曲事实
turn down 拒绝
turn up 出现
turn out 结果是
turn to 求助于
turn over移交
mountain chains 山脉
construction of sth ….的建造
be under construction 在建设中
take shape 成型
be designed by 被谁设计
complete 完成
completion
magnificent壮丽的，宏伟的
from a distance 从远处看
structure 建筑物
base 底座
include 包含---exclude 不包含
gallery （艺术品）展览馆
bronze ware 青铜器
sculpture 雕塑
calligraphy 书法
seal 印章
furniture 家具
it takes+一段时间for sb to do sth 做什么事情花费某人多少时间
historical 有关历史的
historic 历史性的
preserve the buildings 保存，保护这些大楼
preservation 保护区
be admitted to some places被允许进入
admit to doing sth 承认做某事
scenery 风景
landscape，风景，山水
landscape painting 山水画 odd 古怪的，奇数
reflection 倒影，反思
the remains of sth ….的遗迹
ancient temple 古老的庙宇
be the pride of sth 是…..的骄傲
be proud of =take pride in 对…..感到骄傲
abandon v.& n. 放弃
access（n） to sth 到达，有….的权利
access(v) some places
fall of the roman empire 罗马帝国的衰落
stadium 竞技场
fall into ruin 成为废墟
hold more than 5000 people 容纳超过五千人
wonder 奇迹
tomb 坟墓
overlook 俯瞰
sit in the stands 坐在看台上
civilization 文明
be made of 有…..制成(看得到材料)
be made from 有…..制成（看不见材料）
be attracted by 被…吸引
unit4
surprise n. & vt.惊奇，吃惊
to one’s surprise令人惊讶的
be surprised to do sth吃惊的做某事
studio studios演播室
film v.& n.拍摄，电影
director导演
contestant竞争者
contest v.& n.竞争，比赛
contest with=compete with竞争
a speech contest 演讲比赛
whisper 低语
whisper to sb向某人低语
on the stage在舞台上
faint adj &v. & n. 微弱的，晕倒，昏厥
a faint hope 渺茫的希望
faint with 因…..而晕倒
in a dead faint 不省人事
gasp 喘着气说
gasp out 气喘吁吁地说出
off the stage 下舞台
raise one’s hand 举起某人的手
rush forward 冲向
powder one’s face 在脸上抹粉
comb one’s hair 梳头发
make-up artist 化妆师
cue sb 给某人提示
clap拍手
boom 低沉地说
terrific 极好的
be ahead of 领先
tense 紧张的
sit on the edge of one’s seat 坐在座位的边缘
chew one’s fingernails 要手指甲
keep still 静止不动
make sb up 化妆
make up one’s mind 下定决心做某事
make up sth 编造
make up for 弥补
a bag of nerves 一个神经紧张的人
cameraman 摄影师
seat v. 使坐下
quiz 智力竞赛
trend 趋势
entertainment technology 娱乐科技
feel like + n/adj. 感觉就像
feel like sth /doing 想要什么，想要做什么
imax dome theatre 3D电影院
the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
上海科技馆
surround 环绕
surroundings 环境
audience 观众
achieve a similar effect 达到相似的效果
flat-screen宽屏
be suspended on the wall被悬挂在墙上
digital technology 数字科技
be arranged round the viewers被安排围绕着观众
arrange安排
be introced in 被引进
high- quality music 高质量音乐
no longer 不再
record v & n 记录
cassette磁带
stereo立体声的
beat sb 战胜某人
Unit 5
vegetarian 素食者
vegetable 素食
mixed grill 烤什锦
pork chops 猪排
steak 牛排
sausage 香肠
sound good to sb 听起来很好
sound +adj.听起来….
nor more 不再
the program on tv 电视节目
be influenced by 被…..影响
have an influence on = have an effect on
对….影响
on space 在太空
become an astronaut 成为宇航员
instry 工业
instrialization 工业化
spend time on sth 在……花时间
spend time in doing sth
in tiny spaces 在狭窄的空间里
get sick 生病
by the way 顺便说一下
ought to 应该
instead of= in place of 替代
it contains vitamins and minerals 它包含维生素和矿物质
pesticide 农药
be healthy for sb 有助于健康
the best source of energy 能量做好的来源
be full of energy = energetic
the importance of sth …..的重要性.
a variety of sth.多种多样的
advise doing 建议做某事=suggest doing
advise sb (not ) to do 建议(不)要做某事
advise on sth 建议某事
a balanced diet 营养均衡的食物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事
warn sb that从句
lack of (v.)缺少
a lack of (n.)
especially 尤其是，特别是 risk doing (v.) 冒险做某事
run the risk of doing sth
at the risk (n.)of= at the cost of 以 ….为代价
decide on 选定=choose
decide to do sth 决定做某事
tell from 区别
on one hand / on the other hand
在一方面，在另一方面
Crowd 聚集=gather together
Crowded 拥挤的
Pepper 胡椒粉
Grow种植
Cattle牛群appetite胃口
Cheeseburger干奶酪汉堡包
Milkshake奶昔
Increase增加
Heart attack心脏病
Intelligent 聪明的
Unit 6
agriculture 农业
farming务农
farm v. 务农，饲养
natural 自然的
grow plants in soil 在土里种植植物
sources of …..的来源
zone 地区
nourish v. 滋养
nourishment n.滋养
mixture混合物fertilizer肥料
make the best use of 充分利用
experimental research on 关于..的实验性实验
facility 场所
involve 包含
profitable盈利的
chemical化学品
technique科技
prove to 证明
used to do过去常常
get/be used to doing习惯于
economic benefits经济利益
appear amazed to do 看似很惊讶做某事
It appears that 好似
appear to do 好像要做某事
backward 落后的
high-tech高科技的
many forms of 许多形式
cancer癌症
health problems健康问题
as common as像…..一样平常
account for 解释，说明
in moderation 适中
in contrast to 相比之下
stay healthy保持健康
in comparison 与…..相比
be aware of 意识到
experience （v）经受
fortunately 幸运的
weight 重量
❽ 高一英语必修一语法
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
一. 直接引语和间接引语
（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词
注意：
1．除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.（被动结构）
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表结构）
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。
例如：
He was very excited.（系表结构）
He was much excited by her words.（被动结构）
5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。
❾ 高一英语必修一第一单元语法详解
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