⑴ 新目标七年级英语上册句型
I.重点句型
Starter
Good morning/afternoon/evening. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
How are you? I’m fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks.
What’s this in English? It’s a map. It’s V.
Spell it please. K-E-Y.
What color is it/the key? It’s blue. The key is yellow.
Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric.
Unit 1 My name is Gina.
What’s your name? My name is Jenny. I’m Jenny. Jenny.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too.
What’s his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny.
What’s her name? Her name is Linda.. Linda.
What’s your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack.
What’s your last/family name? My last/family name is Green. It’s Green.
What’s your/his/her phone number? My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567
It’s 281-9176.
Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t . It’s his backpack.
This/That is my eraser.
How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N.
Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865.
Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Unit 3 This is my sister.
That/This is his sister.
These/Those are my two brothers.
Is she your friend? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
Is he your brother? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Thanks for the photo of your family.
Here is my family photo.
Who’s your sister? This/She is my sister.
Unit 4 Where’s my backpack?
Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
Where are your baseballs? They’re on the floor.
Is the baseball on the sofa? Yes ,it is. No, it isn’t.
I don’t know.
Are they on the bed? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Are these/those your books? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Please take these things to your sister.
Can you bring some things to school?
The keys are in the drawer.
Here’s my room.
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
Do you have a ping-pong ball? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does he/she have a tennis racket? Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn’t.
Let’s play ping-pong.
It’s boring.
That sounds good/interesting.
I don’t have a ping-pong ball.
He/She doesn’t have a volleyball.
She/He has a great sports collection.
We have many sports clubs.
He watches them on TV.
Do you have some more paper? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does he/she like a salad? Yes ,he/she does. No ,he/she doesn’t.
She/He likes hamburgers for lunch.
She doesn’t like hamburgers.
Let’s have French fries.
For dinner, she has chicken and tomatoes.
Great!
七年级(上)Units 7-12《新目标英语》重点句子和短语
I.重点句型
Unit 7 How much are these pants?
How much is this T-shirt? It’s seven dollars.
How much are these socks? They’re two dollars.
Can I help you? =What can I do for you?
I want a sweater.=I’d like a sweater.
What color do you want? Here you are.
I’ll take it. You’re welcome.
That’s OK. That’s all right.
The blue sweater is 7 dollars. We have sweaters at a very good price.
We have great bogs for only 12 yuan. We have T-shirts in red for 18 dollars.
Anybody can afford our prices!
Come and see for yourself at Huaxing Clothes Store!
Unit 8 When is your birthday?
When is your birthday? It’s October 25th. My birthday is October tenth.
When is your mother’s birthday? Her birthday is June 8th.
How old are you? What’s your age? I’m thirteen.
When is the school trip? Do you having a fun birthday?
Happy birthday!
Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie?
Do you want to go to a movie? I want to see a comedy.
What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
She likes documentaries but she doesn’t like thrillers.
Do you like Beijing Opera? She thinks action movies are exciting.
She often goes to see Beijing Opera with her father.
Mike is English. Mike is an English boy.
Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?
What club do you want to join? I want to join the art club. I don’t know.
Can you swim? Yes,I can.
What can you do ? We can paint.
Can you play the guitar? Can you help kids with swimming?
Are you good with kids? We need help for our Beidaihe School Trip.
Come and join us. She can’t sing or dance.
She can play the piano but she can’t play the violin.
Musicians wanted for School Music Festival.
You can be in our school music festival.
Please call Zhang Heng at 622-6033. Come and show us!
Can I help you? May I know your name?
Why do you want to join the club?
Unit 11 What time do you go to school?
What time do you usually get up,Rick? I usually get up at 5 o’clock.
What time does Alicia take a shower? What a funny time to eat breakfast?
To get to work, he takes the umber 17 bus to a hotel.
The bus usually takes him to work at 19:15. Can you think what his job is?
What time is it?=what’s the time? It’s eight thirty.
When does Tom usually eat dinner? He usually eats dinner at around six-thirty.
Thanks for your letter. School starts at nine o’clock.
Please write and tell me about your morning.
Are you awake?
Unit 12 my favorite subject is science.
What’s your favorite subject? My favorite subject is science.
Why do you like P.E? Because it’s fun.
Who is your science teacher? My science teacher is Mr Wang.
When do you have math? I have math on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Why does he like science? After class I have volleyball for two hours.
I have Chinese history club. I don’t like any subject.
His “subject” is only running around with me.
Do you really not like school? It’s very exciting to have a Chinese friend.
⑵ 人教版新课标初一英语必备语法
这儿有不少比较好的英语语法内容,专与你分属享:http://www.zkenglish.com/Article/yfxx/Index.html
⑶ 新目标七年级英语上册语法
新目标七年级上册英语语法整理
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
⑷ 人教版新目标七年级上册英语语法
初一全科目课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语历史地理
underthechair在椅子下面 inherpencil-box在她的铅笔盒中 nearthedoor在门附近
apictureofaclassroom一个教室的图片 lookatthepicture看这张图片 theteacher'sdesk讲桌 amapofChina一张中国地图 familytree家谱 haveaseat坐下,就坐 thisway这边走 二.日常用语
1.Comeandmeetmyfamily. 2.Goandsee.Ithinkit'sLiLei. 3.Gladtomeetyou.
4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks. 5.Canyouseeanorange?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't. 6.Where'sShenzhen?It'snearHongKong.
7.Letmesee.(口语)让我想想看。see在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。Forexample:
8.Pleasehaveaseat.seat表示"座位",是个名词。haveaseat表示"就坐",也可以说takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。 三.语法 1.名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1).一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如: Kate'sfatherKate的爸爸 mymother'sfriend我妈妈的朋友
(2).如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如: Teachers'Day教师节 Theboys'game男孩们的游戏
(3).如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如: Children'sDay儿童节 Women'sDay妇女节
(4).表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: LucyandLily'sroomLucy和Lily的房间 KateandJim'sfatherKate和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
amapofChina一幅中国地图 thenameofhercat她的猫的名字
apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一张照片 thedoorofthebedroom卧室的门 2.祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1).祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Goandsee.去看看。 Comein,please.请进。
(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don'tlookatyourbooks.不要看书。 Don'tplayontheroad.不要在马路上玩。 3.Therebe的句子结构
Therebe是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:Therebe+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如: .桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 .桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 (1)therebe的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为:Therebe+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。 Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房间里没猫。 Therearen'tanybooksonthedesk.桌子上没书。
(2)therebe句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Bethere+(any)+名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisn't/aren't. ---Isthereadoginthepicture?画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes,thereis.有。
---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船吗? ---No,therearen't.没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:Howmany...arethere(+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用Therebe...
There'sone./Therearetwo/three/some... 有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two...
---?教室里有多少学生? ---There'sonlyone./Therearenine.只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点状语? Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水? Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物? 中学英语语法网络图 一.名词 I.名词的种类: 专有名词普通名词 国名.地名.人名,
团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词 个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 II.名词的数:
1.规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
⑸ 人教版新目标七年级上期英语上半期语法
七年级英语上册期中考试复习(词组与句子)
Starter Us1-3
Good morning/afternoon /evening, Bob!
早上 / 下午 / 晚上好,Bob!
--How are you?你好吗?
—I’m fine, thanks. How are you?
我很好,谢谢。你好吗?
---I’m OK.我还好。
---What’s this in English?用英语表达这是什么?
—It’s an orange.它是一只桔子。
—Spell it, please. 请拼写它。
—O-R-A-N-G.
---Thank you.谢谢。(Thank you very much.)
-----You are welcome.=That’s all right.=That’s OK.不用谢。
--What color is it?它是什么颜色? —It’s red.红色。
The key is yellow.钥匙是黄色 的。=It’s a yellow key.它是黄色的钥匙。
Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。----Nice to meet you, too. /Me,too. 也很高兴见到你。
How do you do? 你好!----How do you do?你好!
Unit One
---What’s your name?你的名字是什么?
—My name is Gina.我的名字是吉娜。=I’m Gina.我是吉娜。
What’s his name?---His name’s Tommy.
What’s her name?—Her name is Jenny.
-What’s his family/last name?他的姓是什么?
—His family/last name is Brown.他的姓是布朗。
-What’s her first name?她 的名字是什么—Her first name is Linda.她的名字是琳达。
family name= name
―Nice to meet you.很高兴认识你。
—Nice to meet you,too.也很高兴认识你。
-What’s her phone number?她的电话号码是多少?
—Her telephone number is 535-2375.她的电话号码是535-2375.
Unit Two
Is this your pencil?这是你的铅笔吗?
—Yes, it is.是,它是。
Is that your dictionary?那是你的词典吗?
---No, it isn’t.不,它不是。
How do you spell eraser?你怎样拼写eraser?
Can you spell eraser?你能拼写eraser吗?
in the lost and found case在失物招领箱里
call Alan at 495-3539给艾伦打电话495-3539
school ID card校牌
a set of keys一串钥匙
Unit Three
Is this your daughter?这是你的女儿吗?
—Yes, it is.是,它是。/No, it isn’t.不,它不是。
Is she your aunt?她是你的姨母吗?—Yes she is.是,她是。/No,she isn’t.不,她不是。
Those are my two brothers.那些是我的两个兄弟。
Thanks for the photo of your family.
谢谢你的全家照。
Here is my family photo.这儿是我的全家福。
a photo of your family
=your family photo你的全家福
family tree家谱
Unit Four
Where is the backpack?背包在哪里?
—It’s under the table.它在桌子下面。
Where are my books?我的书在哪里?
—They’re on the sofa.他们阿子沙发上。
Is it on the floor? 它在地板上吗?
—No, it isn’t. 不,它不在。
Sorry, I don’t know.对不起,我不知道。
Are they in the drawer?他们在抽屉里吗?
—Yes, they are.是,他们在。
The CDs are in the drawer.激光唱片在抽屉里。
take these things to your sister
把这些东西带去给你姐姐
bring it to school把它带到学校来
Unit Five
Do you have a ping-pong ball?你有乒乓球吗?
—Yes, I do.是,我有。/No, I don’t.不,我没有。
I/We/You/They have a tennis racket.我/我们/你们/他们有网球拍。
I/We/You/They don’t have a tennis racket.我/我们/你们/他们没有网球拍。
Does he have a soccer ball?他有足球吗
—Yes, he does.是,他有。/No, he doesn’t.
He/She/Tom has a soccer ball.他/她/Tom有足球。
He/She/Tom doesn’t have a soccer ball.他/她/Tom有足球。
Let’s play tennis/basketball.让我们 打网球/篮球吧。
That sounds good.那听起来真好。
play sports做运动
watch them on TV通过电视看它们
have a great sports collection有大量的体育收集品
five volleyballs五只排球
every day每天
Unit Six
Do they like pears?他们喜欢梨吗?
—Yes, they do.是,他们喜欢。/No, they don’t.不,他们不喜欢。
She likes ice cream. 她喜欢冰淇淋
Does she like ice cream? 她喜欢冰淇淋吗?
—Yes, she does.是,她喜欢。/No, she doesn’t.不,她不喜欢。
What does he have for lunch?午餐他要吃什么?
---He has chicken, carrots and broccoli for lunch.午What do you like for dinner?晚餐你喜欢吃什么?
—I like vegetables for dinner.晚餐我喜欢吃蔬菜。
I also like strawberries.=I like strawberries, too.
我也喜欢草莓。
running star跑步明星
lots of=a lot of 许多
healthy food健康食品
go on a picnic =have a picnic去野餐
make a list of food to buy列出需要购买的食物
ask/answer questions问(答)问题
⑹ 义务教育课程标准实验教科书七年级上英语语法、句型和短语归纳
Period One(七年级上Units 1-12)
一、大纲要求
词汇
单词
what, name, your, this, pen, that, how, thank, parent, brother, these, those, where, take, under, on, in, have, play, basketball, many, interesting, let, like, tomato, shoes, help, months of the year, guitar, shower, usually, favorite, days of the week
短语
do homework, go to bed, thanks for, get to
句型
重点句型
What’s…name? Where’s…? Do you like…? Can you…? Do you have…?
When do you…?
交际用语
Hello! Hi! Nice to meet you!
二、重点解析
单词:
1. have
have是英语中一个非常重要的动词,它在不同的词组中,具有不同的含义,现将其用法简要归纳如下:
(1) 作“有”讲时,强调“所属关系”,表示“拥有”的意思。其主语常为人或物。eg:
My father has a new computer. 我爸爸有一台新电脑。
I have many story books. 我有许多故事书。
(2) “have + 表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“吃、用餐”。 eg:
I have breakfast at seven every morning. 我每天早上七点钟吃早饭。
(3) “have + 表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃、喝”。eg:
I have some bread for breakfast every day. 我每天早餐吃些面包。
Please have a cup of tea. 请喝杯茶。
(4) “have + 表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的动词同义。eg:
have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a look(at…)(朝……)看一眼
have a drink (of …) 喝一点(……)
(5) “have + 表示某种活动的名词”, 意为“进行、举行”。eg:
have a class 上课 have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
2. start
start 动词,意思是“开始,出发”,可用于start to do sth. 和start doing sth.结构中。eg:
School starts at eight o'clock. 8点钟开始上课。
I start to watch TV. 我开始看电视。
They start singing. 他们开始唱歌。
3. usually
usually, sometimes, always, often 等词在英语中被称为“频度副词”,是用来表示动作或状态的
频率。使用时位置如下:
(1)放在be动词之后。eg:
He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。
(2)放在行为动词之前。eg:
She always does her work well. 她总是把工作做得很好。
(3)放在情态动词或助动词之后。eg:
What time do you usually get up?
(4)sometimes 的位置较灵活,可放在句首,也可放在句中,有时还可放在句尾。eg:
Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 有时他步行去上学。
I sometimes go to see my uncle on Saturday. 我有时在星期六去看我的叔叔。
词语辨析:
1. each &every
each 代词,意为“每个”,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语,强调个体。而every 是形容词,意思为“每,每个”,只能作定语,强调全体或全部。eg:
Each of the girls has a banana. 每个女孩都有一个香蕉。(此句不能用every替换each)
Give the boys two apples each. 给每个男孩两个苹果。(此句不能用every替换each)
Each boy has a sweater. 每个男孩都有一件毛衣。
Every boy has a T-shirt. 每个男孩都有一件T恤衫。
2. look ( look at)& see
两者汉语中的意思相近,都有“看”的意思。但英语中两词的用法截然不同。look表示“看”的过程,并不表明“看到”。而且look是不及物动词,如果表示“看某物(人)”,look后要加介词at;而see指“看到”,表示“结果”。eg:
Look at the blackboard! 看黑板!(look只表示“看”,并不一定“看到”)
What can you see on the blackboard? 你在黑板上能看到什么?
(see表示“看到”,即 “看的结果”)
3. too, also& either
三者都表示“也”,但在使用的时候too 和also一般用于肯定的陈述句和疑问句中,其中too放在句末,前面多用逗号隔开;also放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。either 一般放在否定句的句末。 eg:
I like comedies, too.=I also like comedies. 我也喜欢喜剧。
Ann doesn't like thrillers and I don't like them either. 安不喜欢恐怖片,我也不喜欢。
句型:
1. —What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫詹妮。
(1) 询问别人姓名,更委婉礼貌的说法有:My I know your name? Can I have your name?
Will you please tell me your name?
回答姓名可直接说:I’m Jenny.
(2) 动词be变化表
原形
现在式过去式
过去分词
现在分词
be
am/is→was
are→were
been
being
2. What’s this in English? 这个用英语怎么说?
其他几种不同的表达方式:What’s this called in English? What’s the English for this?
Can you say it in English?
[注]in 在该句中为介词,表示“用……方式”。
3. It’s under the bed. 它在床下面。
under prep. 在……之上
(1)under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,两者之间不接触。 eg:
The cat is under the table. 猫在床子底下。
(2)on 表示在某物的上面,但两者可互相接触。 eg:
The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。
(3)in 表示“在……内部,在……里面”。eg:
They are in the office. 他们在办公室里。
(4)near 表示在某物的附近,意为“接近,靠近” eg:
My house is near a bookstore. 我家在一个书店附近。
(5)behind 表示在某物体的后面。 eg:
Li Ming is behind me. 李明在我后面。
4. Do you like hamburgers? 你喜欢汉堡包吗?
(1) like v. 喜欢
① like sb./sth. eg:
I like the book. 我喜欢这本书。
② like to do sth. 表示目前一时爱好做某事。 eg:
I like to play volleyball. 我想去玩排球。
③ like doing sth. 表示习惯上喜欢做某事。 eg:
I like dancing. 我喜欢跳舞。
(2) like 作介词,表示“像”,与look 或be 连用。 eg:
He looks like his father. 他长得像他爸爸。
She is like an English girl. 她像个英国女孩。
Do it like this. 照这样做。
5. OK, I’ll take it. 好吧,那我把他带走了。
take v. 拿,取
(1) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干某事花费某人多少时间 eg:
It took him an hour to get there. 他花了一个小时才到那儿。
(2) take out 带出(人),邀请,取出(物) eg:
I’m taking the children out to the movies tonight. 今晚我带孩子们去看电影。
(3) take + a + 名词= have + a + 名词 eg: take a bath / rest / shower /walk
(4) 固定短语: take part in 参加 take place 发生 take care of 照顾
[注] ① take 当 “拿走,带到”讲时,指把东西带到别的地方,即把东西从近处带到远处。eg: Take the books to the classroom. 把这些书拿到教室里去。
② bring也是“拿”的意思,指把东西从别的地方带到说话人所在地或者他指定的地点
即把东西从远处带到近处,意为“拿来”“带来”“取来”。eg:
Please bring some books to my home. 请把这些书带到我家来。
6. Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
Can 为情态动词,意思是“能,会,可以”。
(1) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即无论主语是第一人称、第二人称还是第三人称,无论是单数还是复数,情态动词都没有变化。
(2) 情态动词后面要跟动词原形。eg:
He can speak French. 他会说法语。
(3) 带情态动词的句子变为疑问句时,将情态动词提前;变否定句时,在情态动词后加not.
eg: We can see an eraser in the pencil box.
→ Can you see an eraser in the pencil box?
→ We can’t see an eraser in the pencil box.
7. Can you help kids with swimming? 你能帮助小孩游泳吗?
(1)help 可作动词,指“帮助,援助”,常指积极地给予实际的精神的或物质的帮助,帮助的人值得信赖。eg:
He helped me to find the train station. 他帮我找到了火车站。
常用的句式有:
① help sb. with sth. 在某一方面帮助某人。eg:
The teacher helps him with his English. 老师帮助他学习英语。
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。eg:
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我常常帮妈妈做家务。
(2) 动词help 还可作 “吃(会餐用语)讲。eg:
Please help yourself to the fruit. 请随意吃水果吧。
(3) can’t help doing sth. 表示“禁不住做某事”;can’t help sb. to do sth. 表示“不能帮助某人做某事”。 eg:
I can’t help myself crying. 我情不自禁地哭起来。
I can’t help him to say sorry. 我不能代替他道歉。
(4) help 可用作名词,指“帮助,救济”。 eg:
I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。
8. I can play the guitar. 我会玩吉他。
(1) play 的宾语为乐器时,意为“演奏“,乐器名词前要加定冠词the. eg:
play the violin (the piano) 拉小提琴(弹钢琴)
(2) play 后面可接表示球类的名词,意为 “打球”或 “踢球”,球类名词前不加任何冠词或其他
限定词,该名词也不用复数形式。eg:
play basketball 打篮球,不能说 play the / a football 或play footballs.
(3) play with 的宾语常为玩的东西。eg:
play with toys (snow; fire …) 玩玩具(雪,火等)
(4) play 还可作名词,意为“剧”。 eg: TV play 电视剧。
9. — Can you draw? 你会画画吗?
— Yes, a little. 是的,会一点。
(1) a little“一点,稍微”,为程度副词,作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词。eg:
I like her a little. 我有点喜欢她。(修饰动词)
The T-shirt is a little big. 这件T恤衫有点大。(修饰形容词)
(2) a little后加名词,意思是“一些,少许”,表示肯定概念,作定语,修饰不可数名词。 eg:
I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。
(3) little后加名词,意思是“几乎没有,很少的”,表示否定概念。eg:
I can speak little Japanese. 我几乎不会说日语。
10. — What time do you usually get up, Rick? 雷克,你经常几点起床?
— I usually get up at five o'clock. 我经常五点起床。
若询问“某人什么时间做某事”,可用“What time do /does+主语+动词原形+……”句型。其中what time是用来对具体时间提问的,可以用when替换。若问时间,一般说“What's the time?”,也可以说“What time is it?”,回答说“It's...”,不能说“The time is...”。eg:
— What time does he usually go to bed? 他通常什么时间睡觉?
— He usually goes to bed at about eleven. 他通常大约11点睡觉。
— What's the time? 几点了?
— It's 11 o'clock. 11点。
[注]what time 与when 都可以表示“什么时候”。前者所表示的时间比较精确,指“几点钟”、“几时几分”;后者表示的时间范围较广,有时也可以指“几点钟”、“几时几分”,用来代替 what time。
语法:
1. 可数名词&不可数名词
不可数名词通常指不能以数目来计算的东西。它一般没有复数形式。前面不能用many, several, a few 等词修饰,但可用some, much, a lot of, a little, any 等词修饰。eg:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。
可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个的人或东西。因此它有复数形式,
其构成规则如下:
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加-s
清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]
dog-dogs, teacher-teachers
以s, x, ch, sh结尾
加-es
-es读[iz]
bus-buses, box-boxes,
brush-brushes, watch-watches
以ce, se, ze, ge结尾的词
加-s
读[iz]
orange-oranges house-houses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y为i加-es
-es读[z]
city-cities, baby-babies,
factory-factories
以元音字母+y结尾的词
加-s
读[z]
boy-boys, toy-toys,
key-keys monkey-monkeys
以f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为v,再加-es
-ves读[vz]
leaf-leaves, knife-knives,
shelf-shelves, thief-thieves
以辅音字母+o结尾的词
加-es
-es读[z]
tomato-tomatoes,
potato-potatoes
加-s
-s读[z]
photo-photos, zoo-zoos
radio-radios kilo-kilos
[注]① 以th 结尾的名词变为复数时,mouth-mouths month-months
② 单复数同形的名词 sheep-sheep 绵羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中国人
fish-fish 鱼
(2) 不可数名词不能直接用a (an)或数词来修饰。若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个表示量的短语连用。eg:
a piece of news 一条新闻 a cake of soap 一块肥皂
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
(3) 如果用代词代替不可数名词,不能用one 来代替。
试比较:
He would like pears. Please give one to him. 他想要吃梨。请给他一个。
(句中的pears 是可数名词复数形式,可用one 代替其单数。)
He would like bread. Please give some to him. 他想吃面包,请递给他一块。
(句中的some 不能用one 来代替。)
2. 冠词的用法
冠词位于名词之前,用来说明所指的人或物。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
(1) 不定冠词a, an
a 和an 是不定冠词的两种形式。a 用在以辅音(指发音不指字母)开头的词前,而 “an” 用在以元音(指发音不指字母)开头的词前。eg: a banana, an apple
① a 和an 表示数量“一”。
② 泛指人或事物的类别。 eg.
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
③ 第一次提到某人或某物。 eg.
There is a new desk in my room. 我房间里有一张新书桌。
④ 用于某些固定短语中。 eg. a few, a little, a lot of.
(2) 定冠词the.
the 是定冠词,它常用于:
① 特指某一个(些)人或事物。 eg.
The book on the desk is Lily’s. 书桌上的那本书是莉莉的。
②谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 eg.
—Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿?
—It’s on the wall. 在墙上。
③第二次提到的人或物。 eg.
There is a table in the room. On the table there is a map. 房间里有张桌子。桌子上有张地图。
④序数词,最高级的形容词前面。 eg.
Jack is the tallest boy in our class. 杰克是我们班上最高的男孩。
⑤用于某些专有名词之前。 eg.
The United States. 美国
⑥世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面。 eg.
The sun is bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大。
⑦用在一些习惯用语中。 eg. in the afternoon. 在下午 on the left 在左边
3. 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词与其后面的名词之间的所有或隶属关系,其功能如同物主代词,意为“某
人的……”或“某物的……”。
英语中的名词所有格有两种形式: “名词+’s”所有格和of 所有格。
(1)“名词+’s”所有格
① 单数名词后直接加’s;若单数名词以s结尾,只需要加’。eg:
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jones’ mother 琼斯的妈妈
② 以s结尾的复数名词,只加' 。 eg:
Teachers’ Day 教师节 the twins’ books 双胞胎的书
③ 不以s 结尾的不规则的名词复数,加’s。 eg:
Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes 男式鞋
④ 表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s;表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s。
注意比较:
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特各自的房间
(2) of 所有格:动物和无生命名词的所有格一般使用介词of 短语来表示。eg:
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of our school 一张我们学校的图片
有时有生命的东西也用of 所有格,可与“名词+’s”所有格互换。 eg:
the name of the boy =the boy’s name 这个男孩的名字
额外收获:
① 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词也可以使用“名词+’s”所有格。eg:
a few years’ time 几年时间 today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
② 有些名词的所有格表示住所、诊所、商店时,常去掉后面被修饰的词。 eg:
to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家
三、巩固练习
1. Han Lei, Jim and I in No.22 Middle School.
A. all are B. am all C. are all D. all (2003. 东北师大附中)
2. Some are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. children D. childs (2003. 天津)
3. If you don’t mind, pass me apple, please.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 青岛)
4. The students are listening their teacher very carefully.
A. to B. on C. for D. at (2003. 天津)
5. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please .
A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down (2003. 南京)
6. — does a car cost in China?
—It can cost as little as 50,000 yuan and as much as 300,000 yuan
A. How many B. How price C. How money D. How much (2003. 黄冈)
7. An apple a day is good your health.
A. at B. for C. in D. with (2003. 烟台)
8. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?
—Yes, I had wonderful time.
A. a B. an C. the D. / (2003. 杭州)
9. —Who taught English last term? Was _____Mr Smith?
—No, Miss White did.
A. you, it B. you, he C. your, it D. your, that (2003. 山东)
10. Jim’s dog looks a fox. He _____it very much.
A. like, likes B. like, like B. likes, like D. likes, likes (2003. 宁夏)
11. China lies the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia.
A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on (2003. 天津)
12. I’ll tell you news about the sports meeting.
A. many B. some C. a few (2003. 四川)
13. The old woman kept one black dog and two white .
A. one B. ones C. those D. one’s
14. There’ll be evening party in the garden next Friday.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
15. John’s uncle has many friends. Mr Shute is a friend of .
A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’s C. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
16. Lucy has to do today.
A. many homeworks B. a homework C. much homework D. a piece homework
17. In time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years B. a few years’ C. a few year D. a few year’s
18. The color of my trousers different from_____ of yours.
A. is, one B. is, that C. are, it D. are, this
19. There are a lot of down there but hardly any_____.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples
20. 用can / may / must / need 填空。
① He ride a bike now.
② the news be true?
③ I watch TV after supper?
④ May I take the dictionary away? No,, you /Yes, you .
⑤ You come earlier tomorrow.
⑥ Must I clean all the rooms? No, you .
⑦ Need I go? Yes, you . / No, you .
⑧ You have a rest.
⑺ 新目标英语七年级上册grammar focus
太多了吧,要打好久呢!
请采纳答案,支持我一下。
⑻ 七年级(新课标)英语全部语法(如Thank for doing)
The letter translation principles
The principle of optimal relevance
Temporal constraints determine alphabet translator must to rece translation strategy. Rection method is an important operation principle is the principle of optimal relevance. Optimal relevance principle refers to the translator in cognitive reasoning out the content and contextual assumptions of optimal relevance based on the contextual effects of these two factors: the former is small, the latter is more big, the associated sex is stronger. The principle of optimal relevance in translation to convey what and how the expression are greatly restrict action; in other words, it attempts to convey is that listeners with with sufficient relevance to generate sufficient contextual effects, and in the way of expression should be accomplished already can proce the author attempts to let the audience to make explanation, and not let people spend unnecessary processing ability. Specific to the letter translation, relevance principle is mainly embodied in the translator of the recipients of information cognitive judgment. The recipients of information in limited space in cognitive activities be of no great importance and even irrelevant information section. Delete, to highlight the more relevant information
例如;现在进行时,一般现在时,一般过去式。。。。。。
⑼ 初一英语上册 新目标 语法
be good with sb.和某人相处得好
help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格
be strict in sth.对某事要求严格
be busy with sth.忙于某事
play with与……玩耍
make sb. tired.使某人感到累
ask about sth.询问某事
ask sb. sth.询问某人某事
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
ask for sth.请求某事
ask sb. for sth.向某人请求某事
write to sb.给某人写信
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事
Thanks for+n./doing sth.为……而感谢
want sth.想要某物
want to do sth.像做某事
want sb. to do sth.要某人做某事
like to do sth.喜欢做某事(偶尔)
like doing sth.喜欢做某事(习惯)
1、词类:英语词类分十种:
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法:
(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上"。例如: on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下"。例如: under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如: behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近"。例如: near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处"。例如: at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的"。例如: a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀? ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀? ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀? ------ 在桌子上。 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。 ②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如: Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 ⑵记住它们的特殊用法。 ①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? ②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如: Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。 4.family family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 ⑵ 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong. 7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如: 8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式: (1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如: Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 (2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如: Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 (3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如: Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 (4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。 (1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思, 肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如: There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗? ---Yes, there is. 有。 ---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗? ---No, there aren't. 没有。 (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . ---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生? ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水? How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?