八大语法八大时态英语表格

A. 初中英语八大时态

初中英语来中的八个基本时自态，即：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。

时态是一种动词形式，表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。

(1)八大语法八大时态英语表格扩展阅读

一般过去时与现在完成时的转换：

在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用。

一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作），at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。

现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go，come，leave，start，arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。

B. 英语八大时态的用法

一、一般现在时主要用于：

1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.

2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.

3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.

4 、剧情图片介绍，背景说明，动作解说。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)

Doctor ： What's your trouble, young man?

Tom ： I've caught a cold, doctor.

5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。

e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.

与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。

二、一般过去时主要用于：

1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性的动作或状态）

e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.

2 、谈到过去的情况时 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.

3 、谈到已死人的情况时 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.

与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：

yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。

三、现在完成时主要用于：

1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。

e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?

For many days we haven't seen each other.

2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。

e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了（说明现在不在这里） Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。

与这一时态连用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况（时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等）。

现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作（事实）及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。

cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?

I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.

注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的：

Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为： Did you see the six thirty's news program?

四、现在完成进行时主要用于：表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在，以至延伸到将来，它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）

cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。（已写完）

It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。

五、过去完成时

1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。

e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

注：主从句表达的动作紧接时，即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时，主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?

2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。

e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.

与这个时态连用的时间状语常有： by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作结束的时间。

（六）现在进行时主要用于：

1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?

2 、代替一般现在时，表示经常性动作或状态，而含有某种感情色彩。

e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样？（显得亲切）

He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。（赞扬）

You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。（厌烦）

3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.

与这种时态连用的时间状语常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。

七、过去进行时主要用于： 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。

e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。

What were you doing this time yesterday?

与这个时态连用的时间状语常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。

用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。

e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

注：

1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过去进行时。

e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.

2 、 when 用作并列连词，意为“这时”，连接两分句时，第一句多用过去进行时。

e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.

一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：

一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。

过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

试区别下面两句：

We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。（可能尚未建成）

We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。（已经建成）

八、一般将来时主要用于： 表示将要发生的动作或情况

e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.

与这个时态连用的时间状语常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。

一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别：

一般将来时态 ：主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。

be going to 结构 ：①表（主观上）打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。

e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.

据以上区别，故下面一句是错的：

I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为： I shall be eighteen years old next year.

be about to do sth 结构 ：意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。

e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。

be to do sth 结构： 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。

e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.

望采纳

C. 英语八大时态的所有结构

1． 一般现在时
一般现在时的形式
是以动词的原形表示的，当主语为第三人称单数时，做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其构成方式列表如下：
情况 构成 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes
以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes
以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I，再加-es Tries, carries

但是，动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下：
一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化
I know it I am a student I have a pen.
You know it. You are a student You have a pen
He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen.
We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.

一般现在时的功用

1. 表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
2. 表示客观事实或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.

3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等，如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 o’clock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.

4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪国人？我是中国人。

Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是广州人。

5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容，如：
What does that notice say?
What does Ann say in her letter?
She says she’s coming to Beijing next week.
Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.”
莎士比亚说：“既不要向人借钱，也不要借钱给别人。”

一般过去时

一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态，它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。
1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式：
规则动词在其原形后面加-ed:
to work-worked
以字母e结尾的规则动词，只加-d:
to love---loved
对所有人称均无词形变化。
否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成
I / you / he / she / they / we did not work.
疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成
拼写注意：
情况 变化 例词
动词为单音节，以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit-admitted
以y结尾的动词，在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 - ed Carry -carriedHurry -hurried
以y 结尾的动词，在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Obey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed

在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的，这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个，但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类：

1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形，如：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形，如：
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同，如：
原形 过去式 过去分词
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同，如：
come came come
become became become
run ran run

一般过去时的功用
1） 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间，但是现在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?

2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动，如：
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.

When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.

Where have you been?
I’ve been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?

3) 表示过去的习惯
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.

现在完成时的形式
现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式
I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked?
You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked?
He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked?
We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked?

紧缩形式

现在完成时的功用
现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系，如：
------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name.
和现在的联系就是 I don’t remember her name now.
------Fort has gone to Canada.
和现在的联系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.

1) 表示延续到现在的动作 （有时是总计做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.

2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动，如：
I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。（说话时刻已经见到了）
This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了)

3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，如：
The window has broken.

4) 和最高级连用，表示到现在为止是最……的
What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read.

5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
(相当于 he has never driven a car before.)

Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it.

6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用，如：
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)

Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.

Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you?
I’ve already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快)

7）与since 连用，since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用，表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”，它总是与完成时连用，如：
She has been here since 6 o’clock.
He hasn’t been himself since the accident. （那次事故后，他从未完全康复）
Since I was a child I have lived in England.

一般过去时与现在完成时的比较

1） 过去时仅仅表示过去，现在完成时还表示与现在的关系，如：
He has lost his key.
He lost his key.

2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时
The Chinese invented printing.
Shakespear wrote Hamlet.

3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间，就不能用现在完成时，如：
Did you see the film on television last night?
Tom lost his key yesterday.
询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时，如：
What time did they arrive?
When and where were you born?

比较：

Have you see Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午)
Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午)

Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住
Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了

I have never played golf in my life.
I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.

现在进行时

现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成：
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working?

现在分词的构成，是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意：
情况 变化 例词
动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing
动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing
动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping
动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting
以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying

现在进行时的功用
1） 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying.
Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more.

2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作，但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
这些动作，在说话时并不一定在发生或进行，而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。
3）表示最近的确定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候，用现在进行时态显得更加自然，除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如：
Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.

4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪，可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.

有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作，一般不用于进行时。例如，我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有：
want like hate know see hear believe understand seem
think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （拥有）belong

To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受
Do you like Beijing?
Do you see the rainbow?
I remember him very well.
I think I understand what he wants.

一般现在时和现在进行时的比较

一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情
现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情，如：
Tom plays tennis every Sunday.
Where’s Tom? -------He is playing tennis.

What do you do? 你是干什么工作的？
What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么？

一般现在时是表示经久的情况，而现在进行时表示的是暂时的，如：
My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years.
She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.

过去进行时
过去进行时的构成形式为：
I / he /she was
We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词

过去进行时的功用
1） 表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?

2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用，表示在一个动作发生的过程中，发生了另一个动作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.

3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的，而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.

现在完成进行时
其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
功用如下：
1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

D. 英语八大时态详细语法

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E. 英语的八大时态及其结构

其实英语共有十六种时态，但我们平时比较常用的只有八种，如下：
1.一般现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)
e.g We clean the room every day.
2.一般过去时: 主语+did
e.g We cleaned the room just now.
3.现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing
e.g We are cleaning the room now.
4.过去进行时: was/were doing
e.g We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
5.现在完成时: have/has done
e.g.We have cleaned the room already.
6.过去完成时: had done
e.g We had cleaned the room before he arrived.
7.一般将来时: will do/
e.g We will clean the room tomorrow.
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do
e.g He said he would clean the room next.